Pesquisa do Reino Unido identifica possíveis armadilhas da comunicação científica
Por que as pessoas têm atitudes altamente variáveis ??em relação à ciência bem evidenciada? Por muitos anos, os pesquisadores se concentraram no que as pessoas sabem sobre ciência, pensando que
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)
Os pesquisadores pesquisam por que algumas pessoas têm atitudes fortes em relação à ciência, enquanto outras são mais neutras. Crédito: mathew schwartz, Unsplash (CC0, creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/)
Por que as pessoas têm atitudes altamente variáveis ??em relação à ciência bem evidenciada? Por muitos anos, os pesquisadores se concentraram no que as pessoas sabem sobre ciência, pensando que "conhecer a ciência é amá-la". Mas as pessoas que pensam que conhecem ciência realmente conhecem ciência?
Um novo estudo publicado em 24 de janeiro na revista de acesso aberto PLOS Biology por Cristina Fonseca da Genetics Society, Reino Unido; Laurence Hurst do Milner Center for Evolution, Universidade de Bath, Reino Unido; e colegas, descobre que as pessoas com atitudes fortes tendem a acreditar que entendem a ciência, enquanto os neutros são menos confiantes. No geral, o estudo revelou que pessoas com fortes atitudes negativas em relação à ciência tendem a ter excesso de confiança em seu nível de compreensão.
Quer se trate de vacinas, mudanças climáticas ou alimentos transgênicos, a ciência socialmente importante pode evocar atitudes fortes e opostas. Entender como comunicar a ciência requer entender por que as pessoas podem ter atitudes tão diferentes em relação à mesma ciência subjacente.
O novo estudo se concentra em uma pesquisa com mais de 2.000 adultos do Reino Unido que perguntou às pessoas sobre suas atitudes em relação à ciência e sua crença em seu próprio entendimento. Algumas análises anteriores descobriram que os indivíduos que são negativos em relação à ciência tendem a ter um conhecimento relativamente baixo de livros didáticos, mas uma forte autoconfiança em sua compreensão. Com esse insight como fundamental, a equipe procurou saber se uma forte autoconfiança sustentava todas as atitudes fortes.
A equipe se concentrou na ciência genética e fez perguntas sobre atitudes, como "Muitas afirmações sobre os benefícios da ciência genética moderna são muito exageradas". As pessoas poderiam dizer o quanto concordavam ou discordavam de tal afirmação. Eles também fizeram perguntas sobre o quanto eles acreditam que entendem sobre tal ciência, incluindo "Quando você ouve o termo DNA, como você avalia sua compreensão do que o termo significa".
Todos os indivíduos foram pontuados de zero (eles sabem que não entendem) a um (estão confiantes de que entendem). A equipe descobriu que aqueles nos extremos de atitude – tanto fortemente favoráveis ??quanto fortemente anticientíficos – têm uma autoconfiança muito alta em seu próprio entendimento, enquanto aqueles que respondem de forma neutra não.
Psicologicamente, sugere a equipe, isso faz sentido: para manter uma opinião forte, você precisa acreditar fortemente na correção de sua compreensão dos fatos básicos. A equipe atual pode replicar os resultados anteriores, descobrindo que os mais negativos também tendem a não ter alto conhecimento de livros didáticos. Por outro lado, aqueles que aceitam mais a ciência acreditam que a entendem e pontuam bem nas questões de fato (verdadeiro/falso) do livro didático.
Quando se pensava que o que mais importava para a alfabetização científica era o conhecimento científico , a divulgação científica focava em passar informações dos cientistas para o público. No entanto, essa abordagem pode não ser bem-sucedida e, em alguns casos, pode sair pela culatra. O presente trabalho sugere que trabalhar para abordar as discrepâncias entre o que as pessoas sabem e o que elas acreditam saber pode ser uma estratégia melhor.
A professora Anne Ferguson-Smith, presidente da Genetics Society e co-autora do estudo comenta: "Confrontar as atitudes negativas em relação à ciência de algumas pessoas provavelmente envolverá a desconstrução do que elas pensam que sabem sobre a ciência e a substituição por um entendimento mais preciso. Isso é bastante desafiador."
Hurst conclui: "Por que algumas pessoas mantêm atitudes fortes em relação à ciência enquanto outras são mais neutras? Descobrimos que atitudes fortes, tanto a favor quanto contra, são sustentadas por uma forte autoconfiança no conhecimento sobre a ciência."
Mais informações: Pessoas com atitudes mais extremas em relação à ciência têm autoconfiança em sua compreensão da ciência, mesmo que isso não seja justificado, PLoS Biology (2023). DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001915
Informações da revista: PLoS Biology