A vida em um país violento pode ser anos mais curta e muito menos previsível, mesmo para aqueles que não estão envolvidos em conflitos
Quanto tempo as pessoas vivem é menos previsível e a expectativa de vida dos jovens pode ser até 14 anos mais curta em países violentos em comparação com países pacíficos, de acordo com um novo estudo de uma equipe internacional...
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SyqoTHt4KRp5U48RO2k0vNk+OmTd/cZG/KQ8n5SEPKB8b7yH0p76/gn/8QANRAAAQMCAwcDAwQBBQEBAAAAAQACESExEBJRICIwMkFQYQMTcTOBkSNAQqFgUmKxweFwgP/aAAgBAQAGPwL9hKbJ3ia/Cn27xCmIURM2WXJXwszaHyr/AMg2Ne3HKQ1FxfMhfVquemikOikKXOiLVRLfUgFDN6k2Qc50wZX1Kr6lP/V9XskFcoVGhURgASgIlVWaK9v5whvb0krLMAdVzfxqucIR6oIRyuAC5xdc+kyue2iGfm6966qgXKPyqMlVEcCpXMFQ4bxhSNiqjOOM52gRy1iCWoO17ya1VhHhAbyyxQeVf8r/ANWgXLwvKqdnIAXOQ3GtGFVvMzHwp9MOb91vNBUFuXzKurqjC74W96bwVYj52i02KdH+gdxyTvLecD9ldUarBcisVRqsQr0/C0+EafBWZEwCChLYCoaIHh+VQQsvqf0t1yy5hOizt9Vsn/Uqmfhe56bqKJluzdXKy3W9C+oVvQVvMC6rrCOY06UWYGif6v8ArNPjuENdlTs3qZXLKHyNVJx87FsOitdWJj8IF7Y8oAFSTsnJdRvfhb18YFSsxwDggYOZTNrbGXjxNDdANI+O471vCgLoFRygt2wblQVRtsKNC04EE4Wthn6xZR+xgK39qPU9PM1UdJJtos3uBABop3Do0L9RxcpDRiwim3u0QMCqk4ToqhahTsyjPVVuLoBq3p+EN2yjaqVQ8CiqEHOEwuqlpVOYIA92rbouq6rquuF9ijVE1Rb1w/6Q2KqlKUCNVBviYBVcbbNlQq6gq+EyqqisszOnMEDCBNx3aenTbqqLMGrM3dW+JOq3cK7NVU4FbuihWRd/LoqNE9VUIuq4jpxrJ5NjRObUhSO6xrwZNAoGIJ/pAZTUqx0XKdgYZtCqDqpFPCzxbqnEGgWXMuaflSVLLnos4F1OMzwBAut8gRqqCEHIR3WnQ8C1MRRZAHTErK70zWEYaQAE45d1oR3arlcg0A1w3jEKKwobQLmKBca6qOiMMzAqjlm6+V/pUrK4yMKXQXjgDeIWYD5W99l/0q929Uzy2C5UDjOWih3RUwIrRGlBCArJUZbLlKDRNfC6qx/Cq0gqxjVNAVcd1xCIIh0XUZp+VYIZgtCoVowkLzwoPReVQd3b6hMtNCERhnIxOmPKEd0LlCsFyj8LlC5QuUfhTlH4WQNFVNZ2DgMI69MQx9uh0UB2ZcpMrebGzJVdjy7uG6iLEcDKUNRbAQgIklAjclZg/MPKru/KoZ4Ti7mwkKt8K4Aq2DfUi99gE8p/pQ6qJ6YzYKOmLZ6reKD9O4kgX4OVwkKfS/CJaHAKfXPysrHKA4t+FVxW7PCc4a46bZ9F9uiLLwt2UC+yjovbP2Tm4SeVQEaTogXUwGfmH94bpgymzeO+HLQqvTDdqrx8qMwngkOHwiQrVVVZcu1ncUGhu87HMLtUhT0K++Pwg68psa4ZT/Kyip6Ed9zemcpWbMZN6o1wkGy8i6odul+iIIIcro5Qo6ql1rhdHU4bpQcbM2HM0soWRoOXEsBqvbfzhQMCZqLJzgBBTc14777Yw+6onB3XRBoseBvBRkCgBFxFVQ4WwMYZWBR167DHa0Rjpse41B/mVJsoZ+VvKcwWXr3wordRxlt1v1C5o4JhQ6i+cSEAOq/3G+zLeWZ+EPNdmPwiqpzvspMU8LMHVIhb5oqtp8rddKkypHdyNUQVTbHpky3gh8bInZOUSF7YFfhTFc2nRfTqt6+NVBbIUOELJmARLXKiFBHVOA6L3GiyB9zdOiAbyd4zjoqqVUbPuOueDXZaQeuGXqm5ROqyhlUI9MkGPsvpEUWVrNKo/pmhX0iV9IoE0xqArQUNNNVoFvNKMiiy5RBuFuuOXTvMFSKtxriEOC0Y1XhAgU1VpJWYNLioyRRT7BJW63+K+kV9ErK305X0Sq+max0X00HRE7ENkBXwACI7URCkrnXOvqBfUC+oFmYZHDcFRDFo4WbqMZCY16gWUaLNrxIuVoNnMFI7SQDVO+NpvDdsFz7BbrY4Th4wqcPcJthIiCgNOJOp2yNO0+aynfG03hux3lW5rw6VJsEJrODWtug0dP21evaSGn+0742m8ZrjGW/ELujKBNymyr6n9Ld45y3Wi3jKoFLBTHM77DYmI7JRHMR+F1+dUdocM+cLxCDRwygda/toX1BRAkzsbhU2GnZXkU/4WYPBOjbI7AwHDBwrMniODuVwohHK1v7clxpjFytGq1ey0uiS1rR4UwIRB6XRqFdtfKgZfyuVcihogcOdMBmPELSso/dSRXtTzmiRWinP8qr1IdRq5hxpbULI+duAJEKMm8juWhDcisVXLIhepHpkZR1X0ii7Ii4s60C5KqfbKy5Ypfv5rQ3VCPwpnrK5hfRXH48qCs0n9rmyW6ppy0M/8oQ0qANFmymEBldUwiIJIXK5VbC5Sg7X/HC4Cp24I76XaJwj4UZXTopr4nqqSqqsxqparQS4hNdr/jZabFTH8cv2U1J1VJBX4UuJnqt406QtUBWigf8A1KpVSFzBSGqgC5p+yp/a3jPAqrOVJw5XH4ViPnZh7HNXOP8AB6qgKn3P7hDM4UUC0aLrRT/0sxM+FThVVaqBse36QqgXep9gFBcJWaaLcaD8qzVzlfqEQozLnU+iWlR6gat6B9+8ZAfupzEz5RGUyrwuYqKFWC6Bb0UViuVGlD0UkVWYdUM0TopavPDhokrT4UOqt6QspUsLgdQtwT8rPZTtwCquJwo4rmXIuUIktv5VD9u41cYR92Y1W6TGmNOBMUW8I0lVdm8KBK87JAKiP7UY7n5Uqt1mUZR+0kIAgzr3Hnn5KywquVJCAO3u4fCCE9enBiKdThXAS7eV/wBiAOq51III8rK0RNVc5lA7hveoY0CoMSUzNwBvVOxXpwKmUc3RaQuiq6yqqfsMwXKFS6goTr3aZmVZWVlZW2YmCup1PRFtIHAmqqoxmNinAjGcKKSiWczUDT7Ko7rJWY8CizKX0WVUHA5TgSRTytFDsPJrKhrxKqE7KB7g1W9fiwE5zhdODYhAxHdQODmf+FAHCGGY/ZUVTvQp/pPrYKJMaLdJCkklSEPUb98YhTwBDhVb80wDhdA91pfgAmg4n6iNBCq7DK6Jw/RLfKnKtHKpVcSEKqc3A3hRAi6jqpiSq929TW4wrhyqaKHdOKADbZLDUKhhRmW+qqhogdcJVFOxGyRooKgd3HqtHWq/2m2BccS7pxPbb91EcDI6zlBwyv5VDTTUrdLaqaHZnZDYq7uFyE5puOBUKjcI6hZfTgpvuf0s3pEg6L9VsfC3Twng3xgrypnCcWereldivzg580xl8hSOVTg0TUrUoO073LKIlS5sgLLlhQ4KrVutA4Tj5V1RVOwTjldylENst0IFxk4luqgrO62mBahmwDXD4OFE2s075aDqt5cwotwQt+6yieDqDZHVUQmuJwsv+VKzPqR0TPT9No3tnPqvOwHMrqgdMAy+ZQwVbfvtbpsHGQjm/j1VNvKi0j4UwVQLIbqGqgrjGuEtJHle4+obsw5SBu4n0i6q9p4tSVAGExeyLgZ8JoN++5W8o2C0VlN0twKxiSQFdGMKI6YUsg1vBzDmC8ouVbaIyP8AxUmdFk8T3w7dHLeYpB4BCghRj4QDeqyjh5hYre+Ed1OMVKMzKn2XWqiakKsEKLFSFmHdyNVlPAHBDtFoqYjiQV+nBbot/wBMx4WV0ouspCBmg6JxawgL3RYIPLidQg5tKRHeMwuOBJ5jwYPW2FcWxrh7fFhwlAnoqVlVAKnqqrM0R3qfT/G2BwW/Cvh5UoPdRqAb1ReenGrbTCiAhH474fnZFKDheRjKYCJGGXRDU8QhvTqqnZkXU97PzsFzhPDI1w1VV7h+2GclRxJ2z89/A69eJLf5YBoFBcrK237GgJ/wA4t9SeKJMQrKGiBx4W8fwpwzA4yb7Fb94OBLlAt2ON6itjJWVocpN+8NUIW+3ZM2OUXUvJUDvPwvlDzX/I938KAyW/8A4G//xAAsEAEAAgIBAwMEAgIDAQEAAAABABEhMUEQUWEgMHFQgZGhscHR8EDh8WBw/9oACAEBAAE/If8AgXK4zKlyVWv/ABBoXcKXf2j27LTd6ZxC2DvNdvMReUrspivHmKKacdkaVYmI7LX6dTty7FzlbiIhQlsDOS2/n/qBcpRLJzcAWveZdNb8v+9pvIjR3l4qisxdDIC3zGrnln+ICsx8DXdNHkXncPoYIFjsme8l3qaEU3qOnAeJYC8gJR3RXJ3glCycR8/pzNtFto/0hxsMz/1Llug0quPHzHTAsGXOZqVkuoxVlLcM7UJ7/wATFwG3xMSgrkX54jQv/wAnxMruL8PH1e+igW6hnL4Jc537kYLSL4LLl8e/Y0gfMR/qZrN+Hp35SwNnoAKqCNxZ5xBHXu+WhiXHd1E48yjBAXSZ+pXPn1DoBH4/M7Y7siMEHGQxcHFiG++HaQKrlM8YDsQcVK9G4Zo+XM+PYJusDTKh38IVKWZeWuiDsvp4myRweZtz0uDA8zDTwP7l+3cGhBK/W9IoGqn5nifmEDNZa4UJuU7+3V6L6Xp8lQAOgH7+o31HwhUkcBSosmacEW/52HIsNB/BhlZ+1RXL92CBh75uVVq05iyNLbcWhedLqBQroao7QEGQFcEA7M4gC97TPPJD2DpiFvsIuxeDlhqh7iahvsx/aFmeBFRi/JcyI7J4GoMF3hzFv0BNiuKtt3zMyU4viUVMNITSflgNCPEDxDB/WOyl+0VYn4EqDe+Wb/wWvqCYQrfMTgLnmYRAYG2KpS16ArRuFm59CzhAAoIhMgIxWw0XUshoLOFLOxeU2GM1URtjg16f0TCkTatSR53PUlU/STO9jyzLY38cS8FrcsAOVMAbhSriKra560MaXPvmJZqd4EghXh9OvpxEg0RvgQUbHBEM/kh9T8xKtCtW+pUmrh05DbAYLHiY+iClZi8OOIIZTriWqcvPsYr2ORO8HDaxk7Q1gFViHujxareP+Cx7HEOx/CfI1DM7cB2JUGY0SxE5TX0+3R522BVo+cErQPRCLolsDs59d7F/RleYPEyqlr0zYHKuDirMJKynwdoByYg36Nct0R+NaYhvgaEYyKG7JSKp2RpUeUIWLJrNOvScBP8AspYPW5Rtm7iVTHCIUcMTM4Qr8NEo2jdI/VUspiDQrgnaeOPHHjjxwX8kHaB0Kf7qALYJrNuoBWCtp2iqo0yveOolNWXtTP4vQOBuswMgGgS7hsqKzagxPGqLigvZF4J2qf0iA+LGG4BWXzPB6FGYsvFHSVymEXvPNhsJUY6aJShZLRzJUWqpvlbwJ3mlV8Q/8tifVVAVaJfcGPWou+amfG4rsUfiOdhVyrA7wzLSlX56AULgUGvRYHUXl32zMFXiYNk8FxM8f2jOxX8z5diqgNgs/CfZvnM2QfaP/wDSZ2cXPOSk6gDvMlkcb6hAVrpvC99o6X2ELAxxm6hHqfph7KCefs2q+zuCDKHePSkS7FThmBWWAcaz/iAe2vDeP8xOwd2YxXmZjqyvN3c13NRBwG5bXyMQy3bedfiYUV9x+ZTR4YVKgYjm3hlGry/BCsO5wY44O1aGB5tw31Mrkzibz8IFHXwSsMa6W5Ki5YS46g2iHYhBOWkuJIUJ6tfTxKL9gFBa2WABXShthH+v8zyJgf74/Mo0dlGLY2KZyZxBHxi/nP8AEMl6DVni4kxVda/3vLRM3fHTQJldzI+BUMIdoiMTVBsZQLDpVQYOa51LVpXaom/lVCoZy/KUAW+5PvyktzmAkv8A0liN5iuwICw9eoh7jLQe+w3K3O7oPaOUt9hCABO19vWfQ32+Zgs2o3L13fMRCF9EQtEPiJm62pnZQuoAAUHRkidq+/8AiXqu0W821KmUwhW4hV7Ut8d5T27rWWCDb8ExCvw1EO6lxTiwIDXDOamlq41/mX3cWkV7CGCaRk5HRCwmkJbFT8p5B3mGAAgtkMItcysuxLDv0oAW9wc2/wCk0ZfpNzSdLLq/SyJb/CDgweYCos59h+n5Yzc4iNMcQabji2GC+/V/Tln565Vyu8bgrAW243AarDrEWbc3jo4JEFNY1AWzL4mrj1DyH3gFYdnEUZK+bIDhz26lsHPT9voi59/PUq+6EGqC7kcYJpUpbrT9eikYLv5i27CXD0Hve2eD2z6HZLJgyL88wmhyi5ZLJZLJZLIRPpZ3ZaXRY7G4+i4hBOcjywi+BxcMkHWQ8S4Mslkslkslksm9C2K4jluIVqCVhGTZe0vYK7TWSjhI4TJezpFEQ1HhhXTv03FeTcey/J/KVMBGWMdN9SEJ5J3kc943ignmIsJxzDw3+CUE1SqlkslkslkslkslksnP0YIA7PqeqawRayzu3Obwo7faMr5lSC9qlrB3ilWnNkyOXoa9bqacphK3P4pbHPlLlgWoiF1qWteK6uWZm0ak8kzx4BMUSmiLXmRVRm48vuTzgYiU0w2dHnvCIKDUoeQLguHkXEqIBAHw+i/JyCNDdl7T9MfShKcjKs2ZriCSQpg6YB3N+JbKu6pSyvMqoa9YEp0ypicu8JsXzUBVZf1LkMaiXZ+2IVAENp2Z/LKZ8vmWuZZ0Ya5mR7oYTmLXvxBDUlxHJywPPl1uDyjYgeOpdg93x0N6pw+UfNa7P9e2a+lvrbAvtzALhPmmEYLyzK8d4HqbQrHGpAbBPHrsgFc2jJAIwFqmci1xELBOydwLxiMtyo9r2qYC9cSyxehoVfEqZq46cxmY8r+DBbaRsYzsJ/XWgMULThTfM/L179MxOAOvtDiqC40luS/aPpfPsCgum16ODWTSUCgd/EJf57R2l6+/sU7cnMqogDSDxGaX5iDcA4gvTLuYNC/iPBLmEc1u4ighfeC1M4onKryunMYgHV3FByU+huVMv+Y0QdyaFDMTcD8oAcqszzHLUfMLHEX9MqVKlSpUqVKnMqVKlSpUuMbqVdPOWW2oeI0qeodqHMOFY0ZmeGYdMqVKlSpXQgdKYi5FAt6K3nU4BOLj8qrE1rkUqV0SbYaHdMs3k6VKjYpi1PmKlVOn5jlQpgSzla+Ij4nH8oBp2FaiYd5Y38QPMdxaE2X3QtcO0BJY9KlSofUvGaoYeSMQVXFVt9T2aHHrOiCp2ZlxE2lrxHeZVAX28ehllVuBMVX+8zDC/wCl7jewkYO1ADdsk8b/AOpZhXZT1rv2PaOrbLsJd0j95aC0XiB9cF5wThiPaffdcws+yGBFLfEfoByCcPqkvXpPpb7FD4jNKuLtN9iVxD00xdo7es6ZNqbx0uLeIZKbiCX+Ztow6Yd8y6j6r3hOBfLf28eYDgv5LixQ62ezLFW/2n+YVFVF9/8AcRVrOfjEAcycF5z8RAFk1267NfJPyYEpGjsYheJwAQcgfGYlDdq7zHhoJd2ly9Rr6W+wL6EqXPyHbokghPOHX96FDd16zpnrirn3hWqgZfhA7/hGUAbjCCAwZKXGIPaNrw7iKtEXRmDC9tqq6cxo00prLk/7hVm6zVxWjTNNcf5fxMJ2pjOJQjwgFjvMbIyZRiO8gPHoZfIe8pxaQ0PE5Ghpunmb0FtO0dX8Vdep19EW1A03CZKCeF+IkWj8M/8AAYjv8DP/AAmAApzG/ZqBqC4RkzFumnr2AG2Z9jMw0/ww8RUxcZUL4mqq8wxEBxAqcalzyczM3MzMzMzMzKgV0dRh4gVNeD0jexs7wAQR+k5QB7durbOmp0/ef56Hs/wf46580y4GSqJo74ewdPNCifaxaCGGO0cMNa7ziLJgxeFe4sq7H1t7BY+kmyqy2Y+0FhHzmVmfKYjM+cNB5f56c+zYueehuapl1ELyXsnTXrVdxmMFN356Z1r29oTKz0j2tNVnXR2EPQtFxO+yfHpPoTLozxLxha0NDrm3podP2n+ej7O34Ohhi3gO79Q9k6Zv/ZcwqgPdKBdfiKCcu19L7QYKqYi8UHzmdke1VNZkZZ4zXENRwZmen+j0coBqpz9DzbA+SKKgF4rj8sViNM8q/pBZvafNL3oHRKwV87/PU9i8dg9Et+pA4h7dy7EFO3m+/sPtnW6WkqKJV2JCWCM+OtyhQrdPiFLO/wAvn6I6i3CLqv8A1LFg3g/CfqdNnTXo/ff56vsF59Ss1HDuCPEPb3AcXZqWmax8vsc+0+kvZE3XVSnwdp8X8n+ZR1budw+iZtR4CwqOGndv4jyhldc9o28ZcYJhU32lNdGl7QBYUsDhNofzPB/LDtQ49HPrxQzl9ugRdK5zxD29TLDLX3e/sHtHsUWsa+kniQIW0BWm+Xmz+YIsLKv9f4lwFXHnETWhmtwR9R6kvcbp8fJHFDrTU7PqpVG1Vl3/AI7S1owaL+f8ReedAXu2u0UQZtzyTsUHH35+0sA2fJ/25v7qYe0SdAqi/wC4WMSoG9QIl6P9wp4SXv5/xEa0Fsuj7W/qaEEEMO0wpsHfB3v8wpeU7Hm4rgBl+3+ZQKRG/LaOlRW8Ojj9S6tYql9L7FdD0rRc20odDz/iGSydHVU/uO4mrdaqKr/D7zCF8vO4ipPAnOWAVEqyWpiV4ZLQWLq5q1cuPP8AiAYICy+nP/yXPqo7SiABNjK8SjtKO0o7SjtKO0VWB3AAo6H1pAi9orGUJfuZt/TKUVjVMv8AtTbUuuDL/wAggIZQ2GralfVp57RvRlVMNRpwNJiGgEQvNBzLgKpf/wA3evTTXRqyWe4OdVMg0FUjqiopblVWXtqUCGGHNS9uIUVrN3Mdb5MdUZZHOdwACg1/+pILAPMNEQ6zE7WYvDK9F5YaoPJBNfYtB7TzQlWMu4eweG29iJ0/JUzIHydF/jdxLnwPQVJpfBPy4ian7r/8Bc3K9JtoCWtDs4hNLeMhMJ5JcfeU9bonuZaVFXY+JO+X4QBQA8eySgGyFKWt34lKaPRUlwtjIcNbHZcsK/hmBgR3i+sl5CVIo8zB/bczFH7ytREN/NOYDBsw5jC/GrqqX9TUC1m1H8IbT5a0EVA1mdsPBAGyT0FnxMfN3uL6ftSjyOiYmDQP3M96S1Au1GoLa20yxdOTZC7R9uoLno+OYQZMMkPYOn+IwQQNr8I0dXzF6H7Ygoi5HhJ3SVpjGhAqVTwxUK1z60yweIbXzDLe8JoxLhn8zxvzG6yjtGQE4cJdM3d9RpUSmiYhuNtzU7etHV3UDQermgV7EL4uVOSXIOGQti7B2D9wU6jmorZlbX01NFgAvlxj2m830urWIwEjcczAitt6JWjZKUSJzFuX0W1XvU1fEMoidp9jOYfqOO5zjJAoVvjUy/xkbtBIZS77+q1q3FSIvb36JS6hMqrpuL4GFOIexyyPsTYjKOQxt5hoHxCjo1feODJPP/BXYlU0WPOJ8BHQXbK0qWrqCYYPpu+q36IjN5e7mV0fKURWDV2gfb1pzp7kxJuX3CBXRL+2mKNrVff1vjQVqXvx/iGE8m77kagK+UuwydimoWQ+yJNHxLH0qRbxHDDn0V1eomyMRzAs1cL86pdcBsmnqae0M8OD39F/Sd+zuTgO0v2/mX7fzL9v5l+z8y95whfyTcoOJ8p2lfmi/ExU0Vf9KYx2Cc+tB2DNXw3wRPkiG4butRCI2Bu6qUXC/kl1SI2Odw8Pv0Kj7ekH2nDUCck8cpe5vbEwO5B2/tKYVM6jLZyS1VPMVdDTZ9M37IrqI68nHb15W3nUS8Cap1jzM8W/cMjR3ijQXuj1kCl20RyL8eIFBm+1ZhFI+xLu7Vj/ABO+FfqLZR83Et9guI4oDx/cWC2QMuEQLqVyxXos7kAGpZAnWzc1roAM68RgBoXMOZNOJaKtw/S32mDaXPsahjb4jAER9l46N3mGieIfOphKe7vBW61bGmNvWjJXiFSV3BHX3kiN/CMzpPMQXpvcWwEcLvOZufdTO5aJTmXz6aDjrbOG5dMbvvYQQWNkwsyqXdyfVSIbDccNOH1gFlvPMOnPs3aicEGOQ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)
Incerteza global ao longo da vida (desvio padrão) e nível de violência (paz interna GPI) para homens e mulheres condicionados à sobrevivência até os 10 anos de idade em 2017. Crédito: NYU Abu Dhabi
Quanto tempo as pessoas vivem é menos previsível e a expectativa de vida dos jovens pode ser até 14 anos mais curta em países violentos em comparação com países pacíficos, de acordo com um novo estudo de uma equipe internacional, liderada pelo Leverhulme Center for Demographic Science de Oxford. Ele revela uma ligação direta entre a incerteza de viver em um ambiente violento, mesmo para aqueles que não estão diretamente envolvidos na violência, e um "fardo duplo" de vidas mais curtas e menos previsíveis.
De acordo com a pesquisa, as mortes violentas são responsáveis ??por uma alta proporção das diferenças na incerteza ao longo da vida entre países violentos e pacíficos. Mas, diz o estudo, "o impacto da violência na mortalidade vai além de abreviar vidas. Quando vidas são perdidas rotineiramente para a violência, aqueles que ficam para trás enfrentam incertezas sobre quem será o próximo".
O principal autor, Dr. José Manuel Aburto, do Centro Leverhulme de Ciência Demográfica de Oxford e da Escola de Higiene e Medicina Tropical de Londres, acrescenta: "O que achamos mais impressionante é que a incerteza da vida tem uma associação maior com a violência do que a expectativa de vida. Incerteza da vida, portanto , não deve ser negligenciado ao analisar mudanças nos padrões de mortalidade".
Usando dados de mortalidade de 162 países e o Índice de Paz Interna entre 2008–2017, o estudo mostra que os países mais violentos também são aqueles com maior incerteza ao longo da vida. No Oriente Médio, as mortes relacionadas a conflitos em idades jovens são as que mais contribuem para isso, enquanto na América Latina, um padrão semelhante resulta de homicídios e violência interpessoal.
Mas a incerteza ao longo da vida foi "notavelmente baixa" entre 2008-2017, na maioria dos países do norte e do sul da Europa. Embora a Europa tenha sido a região mais pacífica durante o período, a invasão russa da Ucrânia terá um impacto nisso.
Em países de alta renda, a redução da mortalidade por câncer recentemente ajudou a reduzir a incerteza ao longo da vida. Mas, nas sociedades mais violentas, a incerteza ao longo da vida é sentida até mesmo por aqueles que não estão diretamente envolvidos na violência. O relatório afirma: "Os ciclos de pobreza-insegurança-violência ampliam os padrões estruturais preexistentes de desvantagem para as mulheres e os desequilíbrios fundamentais nas relações de gênero em idades jovens. Em alguns países latino-americanos, os homicídios femininos aumentaram nas últimas décadas e a exposição a ambientes violentos traz fardos sociais e de saúde, particularmente para crianças e mulheres."
O coautor do estudo, Professor Ridhi Kashyap, do Leverhulme Center, diz: "Embora os homens sejam as principais vítimas diretas da violência, as mulheres têm maior probabilidade de sofrer consequências não fatais em contextos violentos. Esses efeitos indiretos da violência não devem ser ignorados como alimentam as desigualdades de gênero e podem desencadear outras formas de vulnerabilidade e causas de morte”.
De acordo com o relatório, a menor expectativa de vida geralmente está associada a uma maior incerteza ao longo da vida. Além disso, viver em uma sociedade violenta cria vulnerabilidade e incerteza – e isso, por sua vez, pode levar a um comportamento mais violento.
Países com altos níveis de violência apresentam níveis mais baixos de expectativa de vida do que os mais pacíficos, "Estimamos uma diferença de cerca de 14 anos na expectativa de vida restante aos 10 anos entre os países menos violentos e os mais violentos... Em El Salvador, Honduras, Guatemala e Colômbia a diferença na expectativa de vida com países de alta renda é predominantemente explicada pelo excesso de mortalidade devido a homicídios."
A coautora do estudo, Vanessa di Lego, do Wittgenstein Center for Demography and Global Human Capital, acrescenta: "É impressionante como a violência por si só é um grande fator de disparidades na incerteza da vida . Uma coisa é certa, a violência global é um problema de saúde pública crise, com tremendas implicações para a saúde da população, e não deve ser tomada de ânimo leve."
Mais informações: José Aburto, Uma avaliação global do impacto da violência na incerteza da vida, Science Advances (2023). DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.add9038 . www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.add9038
Informações da revista: Science Advances