Tweets de celebridades provavelmente moldaram a opinião pública negativa dos EUA sobre a pandemia de COVID-19, revela estudo
Os tweets de pessoas conhecidas provavelmente moldaram cada vez mais a opinião pública negativa sobre a pandemia de COVID-19 à medida que ela avançava nos EUA, sugere uma análise dos sentimentos expressos em postagens de mídia social...
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)
Domínio público
Os tweets de pessoas conhecidas provavelmente moldaram cada vez mais a opinião pública negativa sobre a pandemia de COVID-19 à medida que ela avançava nos EUA, sugere uma análise dos sentimentos expressos em postagens de mídia social, publicada no jornal de acesso aberto BMJ Health & Care Informatics .
Em particular, as postagens compartilhadas por políticos e âncoras de notícias pareciam exercer a maior influência, indicam os resultados.
Uma melhor análise da atividade da mídia social pode ajudar autoridades e formuladores de políticas a combater melhor a desinformação nessas plataformas e reforçar os esforços de prevenção e controle, não apenas para o COVID-19, mas também para futuros surtos de doenças, concluem os pesquisadores.
As pessoas têm se voltado cada vez mais para as redes de mídia social para compartilhar seus pensamentos e sentimentos sobre os impactos da pandemia do COVID-19, observam os pesquisadores. E vários estudos destacaram a natureza persuasiva do comportamento e das mensagens das celebridades sobre questões de saúde pública.
Os pesquisadores, portanto, queriam descobrir se poderia haver uma ligação entre as mensagens compartilhadas por atletas, políticos, âncoras de notícias e artistas sobre o COVID-19 e o sentimento público e o discurso sobre as vacinas e a vacinação contra o COVID-19.
Eles coletaram cerca de 13 milhões de tweets postados entre 1º de janeiro de 2020 e 1º de março de 2022. O sentimento expresso foi calculado para cada tweet usando um modelo de processamento de linguagem natural (DistilRoBERTa) ajustado.
Isso foi então comparado com tweets sobre o COVID-19 que também mencionavam certos céticos da vacina COVID-19 dos EUA aos olhos do público, no esporte, na mídia e na política.
Estes foram Joe Rogan (comentarista e podcaster); Tucker Carlson (apresentador de TV); Nicki Minaj (rapper); Aaron Rodgers (jogador de futebol); Novak Djokovic ( tenista ); Eric Clapton (cantor e compositor); Rand Paul (senador republicano); o falecido Phil Valentine (locutor); Donald Trump; Ted Cruz (senador republicano); Candace Owens (comentarista política); e Ron DeSantis (governador republicano da Flórida).
A análise final foi baseada em 45.255 tweets de 34.407 autores únicos. Os tweets continham um total de 16,32 milhões de curtidas, até o máximo de 70.228 para cada um.
As descobertas sugerem que, embora houvesse pequenas diferenças entre os vários grupos de céticos das vacinas aos olhos do público, surgiu um tom negativo amplamente polarizado.
E o conteúdo emocional consistente que essas celebridades compartilharam sobre as vacinas e a vacinação contra a COVID-19 durante os primeiros 2 anos da pandemia influenciou a opinião pública e estimulou amplamente o discurso público on line, dizem os pesquisadores.
Os políticos estavam entre as pessoas mais influentes aos olhos do público.
“A disseminação, reação e engajamento do público às postagens feitas por políticos on-line indica um forte nível de influência, sugerindo que os políticos desempenham papéis importantes na garantia da saúde da população . promover comportamentos de proteção à saúde, em vez de falsidades sensacionalistas”, afirmou. escrevem os pesquisadores.
Embora o sentimento sobre as vacinas e a vacinação contra a COVID-19 em relação aos âncoras tenha variado durante esse período, no geral, foi mais negativo do que positivo. E os tweets que fazem referência a essas personalidades da mídia tendem a ser associados a controvérsias ou mortes antivacinas, em vez de notícias sobre o desenvolvimento de vacinas.
As postagens dos apresentadores de notícias registraram um total de 14.017 curtidas entre eles, levando os pesquisadores a sugerir que: "O alto número de curtidas exibido nesses tweets mostra que um número muito maior de usuários está envolvido na leitura de tweets e, portanto, é potencialmente influenciado pelo conteúdo."
Os pesquisadores sugerem que suas descobertas podem ajudar a reforçar as ferramentas de vigilância atualmente disponíveis para promoção da saúde direcionada , gerenciamento da pandemia em andamento e preparação para a próxima crise.
“Como demonstramos, as mensagens compartilhadas por membros influentes da sociedade podem ter efeitos consideráveis ??na direção da emoção pública e na tomada de decisões compartilhadas sobre saúde”, escrevem eles.
"Tanto o endosso social on-line negativo quanto positivo de estratégias de prevenção, como a vacinação, é fundamental para determinar o cumprimento e o sucesso da aceitação em toda a população.
“No entanto, as ameaças de disseminação de desinformação e desinformação por aqueles com influência podem minar os programas que apoiam medidas de proteção, como a vacinação”.
Os órgãos de saúde pública têm um papel a desempenhar no combate a isso, inclusive trabalhando com os olhos do público para compartilhar mensagens mais positivas sobre a vacinação, sugerem eles.
Os pesquisadores reconhecem certas limitações de suas descobertas, incluindo as conhecidas dificuldades de interpretar corretamente o tom da linguagem escrita e o número relativamente pequeno de celebridades incluídas na análise.
Mas eles concluem: “À medida que a pandemia avançava, o sentimento público compartilhado nas redes sociais foi moldado por percepções de risco, ideologias políticas e comportamentos de proteção à saúde compartilhados por [pessoas aos olhos do público].
"O risco de graves resultados negativos para a saúde aumenta com o não cumprimento das recomendações de comportamento de proteção à saúde estabelecidas pelas autoridades de saúde pública, como a vacinação, e nossas descobertas sugerem que as mensagens polarizadas das elites sociais podem minimizar esses riscos, contribuindo indevidamente para um aumento na disseminação do COVID-19."
Mais informações: Explorando a influência de celebridades na atitude pública em relação à pandemia de COVID-19: análise de sentimento compartilhado em mídia social, BMJ Health & Care Informatics (2023). DOI: 10.1136/bmjhci-2022-100665