O aumento do empreendedorismo social nos últimos 20 anos denota um grande movimento econômico e político global. Os empreendedores sociais geram resultados positivos substanciais, mas embora representem 2% ou mais do PIB em países...
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Referência de tempo futuro × incerteza institucional sobre empreendedorismo social. Crédito: Revista de Empreendedorismo Estratégico (2022). DOI: 10.1002/sej.1450
O aumento do empreendedorismo social nos últimos 20 anos denota um grande movimento econômico e político global. Os empreendedores sociais geram resultados positivos substanciais, mas embora representem 2% ou mais do PIB em países como Canadá, Austrália e Reino Unido, muitas outras sociedades carecem deles. Um estudo recente de uma edição especial do Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal ( SEJ ) sugere que o motivo pode depender do idioma.
"Indivíduos que falam idiomas com fortes referências de tempo futuro veem recompensas e desafios futuros como mais distantes", disse Diana M. HechavarrÍa, professora associada de administração da Texas Tech University e uma das autoras do estudo. "Essa mentalidade promove o empreendedorismo social porque valoriza muito a obtenção de resultados imediatos para questões sociais , descontando os custos de longo prazo."
HechavarrÍa fez parceria com Steven A. Brieger (Universidade de Sussex), Ludvig Levasseur (Instituto Indiano de Bangalore), Siri A. Terjesen (Florida Atlantic University), todos especialistas em empreendedorismo e negócios internacionais, para estudar os efeitos da linguagem e da incerteza institucional sobre empreendedorismo Social. Usando uma amostra de 205.792 indivíduos em 70 países com 39 idiomas, eles controlaram 13 características individuais e nacionais relacionadas ao empreendedorismo social, incluindo gênero, idade, educação, renda e habilidades iniciais.
Os pesquisadores usaram modelagem logística multinível para estimar cada variável dependente dentro e entre os países e descobriram que as chances de se engajar em empreendedorismo social inovador em estágio inicial quase dobraram em sociedades que falam línguas futuras (ou seja, línguas que modificam verbos para indicar o futuro em vez de confiar no contexto). A probabilidade de um indivíduo ser um empreendedor social também aumentava quando havia um estado de direito fraco, direitos de propriedade fracos e forte corrupção em um país que falava sobre o futuro.
“Países onde um estado aplica arbitrariamente leis e regras, suprime direitos individuais ou ameaça certos grupos sociais confiscando suas propriedades tendem a ter maiores problemas sociais , e há apenas mais oportunidades para os indivíduos melhorarem o bem-estar social”, disse Brieger.
O estudo da SEJ observa que esses fatores têm efeitos diferentes sobre os empreendedores comerciais, que favorecem mentalidades mais orientadas para o longo prazo e negócios mais previsíveis e ambientes sociais com instituições fortes.
"Fortes oradores de referência de tempo futuro veem problemas sociais de longa data como dilemas urgentes, em vez de objetivos de longo prazo", disse Terjesen. “Eles percebem o futuro como incerto e podem sentir mais urgência quando se trata de se engajar no empreendedorismo social para lidar com esses dilemas”.
Embora os resultados pareçam lógicos, especialistas em todo o campo há muito debatem o que impulsiona especificamente uma mentalidade empreendedora social. Antes do início de suas pesquisas, os autores haviam levantado a hipótese de que sociedades com instituições sociais fortes poderiam atribuir um valor maior à criação de valor social, resultando em mais empreendedorismo social. Eles também observaram que a ideia de que a linguagem tem um impacto na formação do pensamento enfrentou vacilações não apresentadas na aceitação.
“O estudo fornece evidências de que a concepção subjetiva de tempo de um indivíduo tem um impacto importante em sua ação empreendedora social”, disse Levasseur. "Além disso, a representação gramatical do tempo de uma língua afeta sua concepção dela."
Embora o campo do empreendedorismo social certamente mereça mais pesquisas, este estudo em particular sugere que as percepções de tempo – e especificamente a ideia de urgência – desempenham um alto fator de motivação para o empreendedorismo social . Também sugere que a linguagem tem sido negligenciada como um meio de entender os comportamentos empresariais estratégicos.
Mais informações: Diana M. Hechavarría et al, Implicações transculturais da referência linguística no futuro e incerteza institucional sobre empreendedorismo social, Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal (2022). DOI: 10.1002/sej.1450