Estudo considera astronautas mulheres mais eficientes, sugerindo futuras missões espaciais com tripulações só de mulheres
À medida que os humanos contemplam a vida em outros planetas, somos imediatamente confrontados com duas opções. Uma delas é uma jornada para outro sistema solar que levaria dezenas de milhares de anos (com a tecnologia atual), exigindo...
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)
Energia gasta ( A ), oxigênio ( B ) consumido, dióxido de carbono ( C ) e calor ( D ) produzidos e água necessária para hidratação ( E ) para totalmente feminino (barras pretas) e totalmente masculino (barras brancas, consulte equipes de diferentes estaturas durante uma missão de 1.080 dias usando exercícios aeróbicos de contramedida. A parte esquerda da figura mostra dados femininos e masculinos quando comparados com estaturas absolutas de 1,50 m e 1,90 m, a parte direita mostra dados quando comparados no 5º, Percentil 25, 50, 75 e 95 para estatura para mulheres e homens nos Estados Unidos (EUA), com base na Pesquisa Nacional de Exame de Saúde e Nutrição (NHANES) do Centro de Controle de Doenças (CDC) dos EUA 2015–2016. Crédito: Relatórios Científicos(2023). DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31713-6
À medida que os humanos contemplam a vida em outros planetas, somos imediatamente confrontados com duas opções. Uma delas é uma jornada para outro sistema solar que levaria dezenas de milhares de anos (com a tecnologia atual), exigindo cerca de 2.000 gerações para viver sua existência nos limites apertados de uma espaçonave, aderindo a um esquema estrito de controle populacional. A outra escolha é Marte.
Marte tem várias vantagens, entre as quais a proximidade, eliminando a necessidade de empurrar as pessoas para fora das câmaras de descompressão quando a espaçonave está em sua capacidade máxima. Também permitiria que uma equipe avançada estabelecesse a infraestrutura básica e fosse a mais eficiente – a equipe deveria ser toda feminina.
Pesquisadores da Equipe de Medicina Espacial da Agência Espacial Europeia na Alemanha conduziram um estudo publicado no Scientific Reports que descobriu que as astronautas têm necessidades de água mais baixas para hidratação, gasto total de energia, consumo de oxigênio (O 2 ), dióxido de carbono (CO 2 ) e metabolismo produção de calor durante missões de exploração espacial em comparação com suas contrapartes masculinas .
No estudo, “Efeitos do tamanho do corpo e exercícios de contramedidas nas estimativas de recursos de suporte de vida durante missões de exploração tripuladas exclusivamente por mulheres”, a equipe utilizou uma abordagem desenvolvida para estimar os efeitos do “tamanho” do corpo nos requisitos de suporte de vida em astronautas do sexo masculino. Para todos os parâmetros em todas as estaturas, as estimativas para mulheres foram mais baixas do que para astronautas masculinos comparáveis.
Ao considerar o espaço limitado, energia, peso e sistemas de suporte de vida embalados em uma espaçonave em uma longa missão, o estudo conclui que a forma feminina é o tipo de corpo mais eficiente para a exploração espacial.
Segundo a NASA, o custo de transporte de cargas para a Estação Espacial Internacional (ISS) é de US$ 93.400 por quilo. O estudo descobriu que, em uma missão de 1.080 dias, uma tripulação feminina de quatro membros exigiria 1.695 kg a menos de peso de comida. Com alguma aritmética simples, a missão poderia economizar mais de US$ 158 milhões e liberar 2,3 m 3 de espaço (embalagem de alimentos), o equivalente a aproximadamente 4% do volume habitável (60 m 3 ) de um módulo HALO "Gateway" proposto pela NASA estação espacial da órbita lunar. Ambos os fatores seriam altamente significativos operacionalmente, mas há mais.
Comparado a um estudo anterior de astronautas teóricos do sexo masculino, o efeito do tamanho do corpo no gasto total de energia foi marcadamente menor nas mulheres, com diferenças relativas variando de 5% a 29% menores. Em comparação com a estatura do percentil 50 para mulheres nos EUA (1,6 m), as reduções foram ainda mais significativas em 11% a 41%. Isso se traduz em uso reduzido de oxigênio, produção de CO 2 , calor metabólico e uso de água.
Quando expostos à microgravidade prolongada do espaço, coisas ruins acontecem aos corpos dos astronautas. Alterações fisiológicas induzem atrofia muscular, perda óssea e redução da capacidade aeróbica e sensório-motora, afetando potencialmente a saúde dos tripulantes e a capacidade de realizar tarefas da missão.
O exercício no espaço é chamado de "exercício de contramedida", pois é projetado para combater os efeitos fisiológicos da falta de peso. Durante esses exercícios (dois exercícios aeróbicos de 30 minutos , seis dias por semana), os astronautas apresentam maiores taxas de consumo de O 2 , produção de CO 2 , produção de calor metabólico e requerem mais água para se reidratar.
Enquanto o tamanho do corpo sozinho se correlaciona com as métricas de energia (menor estatura, menos energia usada), as missões que exigem exercícios de contramedida aumentam essa disparidade, pois corpos maiores usam mais energia, precisam de mais oxigênio, produzem mais CO 2 e criam mais calor . Além disso, o estudo descobriu que as mulheres tiveram 29% menos perda de água por meio da transpiração durante uma única sessão de exercício aeróbico de contramedida e, portanto, exigiram menos água para reidratar.
As diferenças teóricas entre astronautas e astronautas resultam de requisitos de O 2 em repouso e exercício mais baixos de astronautas do sexo feminino, que são mais leves do que os astronautas do sexo masculino em estaturas equivalentes e têm menor VO 2 máx relativo (a taxa na qual o coração, os pulmões e os músculos podem usar efetivamente o oxigênio durante o exercício).
Além do uso de recursos, também há vantagens em espaços de trabalho funcionais, especialmente quando vários astronautas trabalham na mesma área confinada, como costuma acontecer na ISS. A bordo da ISS, os astronautas têm espaço suficiente para ficar de pé e trabalhar ombro a ombro ou costas com costas quando necessário. Os espaços na proposta nave Gateway da NASA são mais apertados, criando um ambiente menos ergonômico para vários membros da tripulação trabalharem juntos. Espaços mais apertados poderiam operar com a mesma eficiência com uma equipe menor.
Os dados do estudo, combinados com a mudança para um espaço de habitat de menor diâmetro para os módulos de missão atualmente propostos, sugerem que pode haver várias vantagens operacionais para tripulações exclusivamente femininas durante futuras missões de exploração espacial humana, com a melhoria mais significativa proveniente de fêmeas mais baixas.
Mais informações: Jonathan PR Scott et al, Efeitos do tamanho do corpo e exercícios de contramedidas nas estimativas de recursos de suporte de vida durante missões de exploração tripuladas exclusivamente por mulheres, Relatórios científicos (2023). DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31713-6
Informações do jornal: Relatórios Científicos