Fornecer aconselhamento jurídico em audiências iniciais de fiança reduz as taxas de encarceramento, mostra estudo
Fornecer aos réus aconselhamento jurídico durante a audiência inicial de fiança diminui o uso de fiança monetária e prisão preventiva, sem aumentar a probabilidade de os réus não comparecerem à audiência preliminar subsequente, de acordo com um...
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)
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Fornecer aos réus aconselhamento jurídico durante a audiência inicial de fiança diminui o uso de fiança monetária e prisão preventiva, sem aumentar a probabilidade de os réus não comparecerem à audiência preliminar subsequente, de acordo com um novo estudo da RAND Corporation.
Os pesquisadores descobriram que ter um advogado nas audiências de fiança aumentou a probabilidade de ser libertado sem fiança monetária em 21% e reduziu em 10% a probabilidade de um indivíduo estar na prisão três dias após a audiência de fiança.
A análise, baseada em um experimento de campo em Pittsburgh, onde defensores públicos foram designados para um número limitado de audiências iniciais de fiança, é um dos poucos estudos de alta qualidade sobre o que acontece quando serviços jurídicos são prestados aos réus em uma audiência inicial de fiança. As descobertas foram publicadas na revista Science Advances.
“Esses resultados mostram claramente que os defensores públicos têm um impacto substancial sobre os réus que recebem um resultado favorável na audiência inicial de fiança”, disse Shamena Anwar, uma das autoras do estudo e economista sênior da RAND, uma organização de pesquisa sem fins lucrativos.
Nos Estados Unidos, durante a primeira audiência após uma prisão, um juiz toma uma decisão sobre as condições necessárias para que um réu seja libertado da prisão até que o caso seja resolvido. A maioria das jurisdições opera um sistema de fiança em dinheiro no qual um juiz determina uma quantia que uma pessoa deve pagar para ser libertada da detenção.
Estudos recentes forneceram evidências substanciais de que a prisão preventiva leva a resultados piores tanto para o réu quanto para a sociedade em geral, com estadias mais longas na prisão e maiores chances de condenação no curto prazo, e piores resultados de reincidência e emprego no longo prazo.
Antes deste estudo, uma questão em aberto era se o fornecimento de um advogado na audiência de fiança teria impacto nos resultados do réu. Embora os réus tenham direito a um advogado em todos os estágios críticos de um processo criminal, as audiências de fiança não são consideradas um estágio crítico em muitas jurisdições, em parte porque são audiências curtas e não probatórias (muitas vezes durando menos de cinco minutos) que são muitas vezes conduzido em uma linha de montagem sem muita contribuição do réu ou acusação.
O estudo da RAND analisa os resultados de uma iniciativa única de um ano no Tribunal Municipal de Pittsburgh, onde defensores públicos estavam disponíveis para representar pessoas recém-presas em algumas audiências iniciais de fiança. A jurisdição só tinha recursos suficientes para fornecer defensores públicos para metade dos turnos que ainda não contavam com defensores públicos.
A equipe da RAND criou um cronograma de trabalho do defensor público de modo que os turnos em que um defensor público estivesse trabalhando tivessem réus e juízes que fossem, em média, quase idênticos àqueles em que um defensor público não estivesse trabalhando. Isso significava que o estudo era semelhante a um teste de controle aleatório, permitindo que os pesquisadores medissem rigorosamente o impacto de fornecer um defensor público na audiência inicial de fiança do réu.
O estudo esteve em campo no período de abril de 2019 a março de 2020.
Os pesquisadores descobriram que, enquanto aqueles que não tinham representação legal recebiam algum tipo de liberação não monetária em 49% das vezes, aqueles com defensores públicos recebiam liberação não monetária em 59% das vezes – um grande aumento.
Essa redução no uso de fiança monetária, por sua vez, levou a um declínio na porcentagem de indivíduos que estavam na prisão imediatamente após a audiência de fiança. Em particular, enquanto 45,4% daqueles sem defensor público estavam presos após a audiência de custódia, esse percentual era de 40,8% entre aqueles com defensor público.
No entanto, a intervenção resultou em um aumento de curto prazo nas novas prisões por roubo entre aqueles que tinham defensores públicos. Com base em pesquisas anteriores que perguntavam às pessoas como elas percebiam os custos de encarceramento e roubo, os pesquisadores da RAND sugerem que um incidente de roubo teria que ser pelo menos 8,5 vezes mais caro do que um dia de detenção para que a maioria das jurisdições considerasse essa compensação indesejável.
"Este estudo é particularmente relevante dado que cerca de metade dos condados nos Estados Unidos não oferece atualmente representação de defesa na audiência de fiança", disse Anwar. “Esses resultados devem ser úteis para jurisdições que estão considerando fornecer representação de defesa em audiências de fiança, embora sejam necessárias mais pesquisas nessa área para entender até que ponto os resultados que encontramos aqui são generalizáveis ??para outras jurisdições com diferentes procedimentos de audiência de fiança”.
Mais informações: Shamena Anwar, The Impact of Defense Counsel at Bail Hearings, Science Advances (2023). DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ade3909 . www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.ade3909
Informações da revista: Science Advances