Estudo revela 'aumento significativo' na violência entre pais e ma£es no isolamento
Setenta por cento dos pais, que sofreram violência de criana§as e adolescentes com os pais, viram um aumento nos episãodios violentos durante o confinamento, de acordo com um relatório divulgado hoje por pesquisadores
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Crédito: Shutterstock Lockdown criou um ambiente de panela de pressão para famalias sob pressão
De acordo com mais de 100 pais e quase 50 profissionais de serviço social envolvidos no estudo, o 'problema oculto' de criana§as e adolescentes a violência dos pais (C / APV) teve um aumento significativo no bloqueio.
Os pais disseram que as pressaµes de bloqueio tornaram o problema pior. Ficar confinado em casa com o jovem foi descrito por um dos pais como tendo um 'efeito de febre de cabine' e outro disse que o confinamento criou um ambiente de 'panela de pressão' em uma casa já insta¡vel.
''Os pais disseram que as pressaµes de bloqueio tornaram o problema pior. Estar confinado em casa com o jovem foi descrito por um dos pais como tendo um 'efeito de febre de cabine' e outro disse que o bloqueio criou um ambiente de 'panela de pressão' em uma casa já vola¡til"
A Professora de Criminologia de Oxford, Rachel Condry, e a Dra. Caroline Miles , professora saªnior de Criminologia na Universidade de Manchester, iniciaram o estudo do bloqueio entre famalias que sofrem violência de seus filhos. Eles dizem: 'Quando o Reino Unido entrou em bloqueio, ficamos preocupados com as famalias que viviam o APV e projetamos uma pesquisa' rápida '.'
O que eles encontraram foi uma situação de crise. O número de episãodios de violência entre pais e ma£es durante a pandemia aumentou em:
70% nas famalias;
69% dos médicos disseram ter visto um aumento nas referaªncias para famalias que vivenciam C / APV
64% dos profissionais disseram que a gravidade ou incidaªncia da violência aumentou
Mudanças na estrutura e na rotina tiveram um impacto - fechamento de escolas e faculdades, falta de outros servia§os e aumento das expectativas sobre o envolvimento remoto e com o ensino em casa, tudo somado aos problemas - antes mesmo que o medo e a ansiedade com o varus fossem adicionados a mistura. Mas, para essas famalias, havia poucas rotas de fuga sem a informalidade e a retração dos servia§os. Um pai disse a equipe de pesquisa: 'Tudo éamplificado, não hácomo escapar, e não éapenas a pessoa que estãosendo ferida que éafetada, mas todos que vaªem e ouvem. As outras criana§as ficam traumatizadas ao nos ver feridos. '
Para agravar a situação, o estudo concluiu que os servia§os e o suporte foram em grande parte fornecidos remotamente durante o bloqueio. E, por causa da pandemia, os pais estavam relutantes em pedir ajuda. Um disse: 'Eu não gostaria de chamar a polacia porque o perigo do varus émuito maior ... ele ficaria vulnera¡vel na cela da polacia ... Antes era difacil chamar a polacia pensando nas consequaªncias usuais, mas vocêpode estar potencialmente condenando seu filho a morte por denunciar violência. '
"Muitas criana§as que são violentas com os pais tem suas próprias necessidades de proteção - muitas, embora não todas, as criana§as violentas sofreram algum tipo de trauma"
O Dr. Miles diz: 'a‰ importante ter em mente que muitas criana§as que são violentas com seus pais tem suas próprias necessidades de proteção - muitas, embora não todas, as criana§as violentas sofreram algum tipo de trauma e / ou tem saúde mental problemas, dificuldades de aprendizagem ou necessidades adicionais. Essas criana§as provavelmente acharam o bloqueio especialmente desafiador e podem ter perdido muito de sua rede de apoio externo '.
O professor Condry acrescenta: 'Os pais muitas vezes relutam em denunciar seus filhos, temendo as consequaªncias da criminalização ... e quando procuram ajuda, muitas vezes ela não estãodisponavel.'
Mas ela diz: 'A violência pode ser sanãria e contanua. Os pais descrevem viver com medo do pra³prio filho, muitas vezes durante anos. Pode variar de danos criminais em casa e abuso verbal a algumas das formas mais graves. Uma ma£e nos contou que seu filho 'me batia tanto que se a polacia não aparecesse naquele momento, eu não estaria vivo'. '
"Uma ma£e [disse] seu filho 'me batia tanto que se a polacia não aparecesse, eu não estaria vivo'
Olhando para o futuro, tanto os médicos quanto os pais que participaram da pesquisa estavam muito preocupados que esse grupo de famalias pudesse enfrentar problemas mais graves a medida que as pressaµes da vida cotidiana voltassem.
As evidaªncias também vieram de solicitações de Liberdade de Informação (FOI) para todas as 43 forças policiais da Inglaterra e Paas de Gales. Dezenove forças disseram que não houve nenhuma mudança marcante nos incidentes relatados de C / APV. Mas os pesquisadores acreditam que isso reflete a reluta¢ncia em entrar em contato com a polacia durante o confinamento. Mas, em pelo menos cinco forças, houve um aumento acentuado nos incidentes relatados.
O professor Condry diz, 'C / APV tende a ser uma forma' oculta 'de violência familiar, tanto por famalias que sofrem estigma e vergonha pelas ações de seus filhos, quanto por causa da falta de reconhecimento nas políticas governamentais e no planejamento de servia§os. Frequentemente, éo 'parente pobre' na violência familiar ... Uma criana§a usando violência na familia apresenta uma oportunidade - uma oportunidade para intervir e uma oportunidade para evitar que a criana§a se torne um agressor adulto.
'Lockdown éaquela oportunidade em grande escala com um aumento nos naveis de violência e um aumento na intensidade e severidade e famalias clamando por ajuda. Se essa oportunidade for perdida, as consequaªncias para o futuro para aquela criana§a, e para todos aqueles com quem a criana§a interage ao longo de sua vida, sera£o ainda mais graves. '
Em uma sanãrie de recomendações, o relatório apela a um maior planejamento e apoio do governo central e das autoridades locais, para evitar que os jovens sejam criminalizados e as famalias sejam deixadas sozinhas, caso haja um retorno ao bloqueio.
"O relatório apela a um maior planeamento e apoio do governo central e das autoridades locais, para evitar que os jovens sejam criminalizados e as famalias sejam deixadas sozinhas"
O estudo com 104 famalias e 47 assistentes sociais ocorreu em todo opaís entre abril e junho de 2020. Envolveu uma pesquisa online com perguntas abertas para pedir aos pais que sofreram violência de uma criana§a de 10 a 19 anos que nos contassem o que estavam vivenciando durante o bloqueio e para pedir aos profissionais que trabalham com famalias que compartilhem suas experiências.
Em trabalhos anteriores, os acadaªmicos se referiram a 'violência de adolescente a ma£e (APV)'. Ha¡ muita discussão na área sobre o melhor termo para caracterizar essa forma de violência familiar, e são comumente usados ​​Violaªncia da Criana§a para os Pais, Abuso dos Pais, Violaªncia da Famalia entre Adolescentes e outros termos. Neste estudo, os pesquisadores pediram aos pais de criana§as de 10 a 19 anos para participarem, portanto, use o termo Criana§a e Adolescente a Violaªncia dos Pais, abreviado para C / APV.
O professor Condry e o Dr. Miles pesquisam o APV hámais de uma década. Eles dizem: 'Este não éum problema novo. Nosso trabalho anterior mostrou que, somente em Londres, em 2010, houve 1.900 casos de APV denunciados a polacia e registrados como crimes. '
"Este não éum problema novo .... são em Londres, em 2010, houve 1.900 casos de APV denunciados a polacia e registrados como crimes"
A pesquisa mostrou que háuma ampla gama de caminhos para esse problema complexo. Isso inclui problemas comportamentais na primeira infa¢ncia; aprendendo dificuldades; Problemas de saúde mental; auto-mutilação; experiência anterior de violência doméstica; abuso sexual e fasico; abuso de drogas / a¡lcool; problemas de longo prazo na relação pai-filho; conflito parental, separação / diva³rcio e relacionamentos problemáticos com padrastos. Algumas famalias não conseguem encontrar nenhuma explicação, tendo criado outros filhos que não tiveram nenhum desses problemas. Isso acontece em famalias de todo o espectro social.