Pequenas ferramentas apontam para habilidades especializadas de antigos indonanãsios
As ferramentas de 1739 foram encontradas em locais conhecidos de Toalean em cavernas dentro do ca¡rsico de calca¡rio que atravessa Maros e Pangkep.
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Crédito: Griffith University
Uma nova pesquisa questionou as teorias de que um misterioso grupo de caçadores-coletores da Indonanãsia interagiu com os aboragenes australianos hámilhares de anos e fornece uma base para a compreensão futura das pessoas que fizeram minaºsculos, mas precisos implementos de pedra.
O estudo, publicado na PLOS ONE , foi liderado por pesquisadores da Griffith University no Australian Research Center for Human Evolution e contrapartes indonanãsias de Pusat Penelitian Arkeologi Nasional (Puslit Arkenas), que examinaram uma coleção de ferramentas de "ponta" de pedra e osso feitas por Povo toaleano na ilha indonanãsia de Sulawesi.
De acordo com o principal autor do estudo, Ph.D. estudante Yinika Perston, os Toaleans eram um grupo de pessoas 'caçadoras-coletoras' que viveram no extremo sul de Sulawesi por volta de 1500-8000 anos atrás. Durante esse tempo, eles produziram várias pequenas ferramentas distintas que não foram encontradas em nenhum outro lugar da ilha, incluindo as chamadas "pontas de Maros", que possivelmente eram usadas como pontas de flecha e tinham serrilhas parecidas com dentes finos.
"Anteriormente, essas ferramentas eram descritas de forma bastante inconsistente ou mesmo incorreta, mas eram usadas para construir cenários elaborados para atividades humanas", disse Perston.
"Em nosso artigo, fornecemos a descrição tecnologiica mais completa das ferramentas de pedra e osso da Toalean atéentão. Descrevemos exatamente como elas foram feitas e delineamos novos modelos de classificação para as formas mais distintas de ferramentas de pedra e osso produzidas naquela anãpoca."
As ferramentas de 1739 foram encontradas em locais conhecidos de Toalean em cavernas dentro do ca¡rsico de calca¡rio que atravessa Maros e Pangkep.
Entre eles, Perston e a equipe reclassificaram as pequenas ferramentas de ponta Maros (com média de 25 mm de comprimento) como quatro variantes diferentes - a ponta Maros, a ponta Mallinrung, a ponta Lompoa e a ponta Pangkep.
Trabalhando de trás para frente para examinar como as ferramentas especializadas eram feitas, Perston olhou atentamente para as marcas ou "cicatrizes" onde outras pea§as de pedra foram removidas e onde essas cicatrizes se sobrepuseram, para obter uma visão mais clara da ordem em que as pea§as de pedra foram golpeadas fazer as ferramentas e como.
"Existem teorias de que as pontas eram usadas para pontas de flechas ou para caça de peixes, mas esperamos que a próxima etapa da pesquisa seja olhar para os resíduos nas ferramentas para que possamos encontrar vestagios do que os Toaleans podem estar usando para eles ", disse ela.
"Tambanãm descrevemos uma nova forma de ferramenta de pedra, a 'serrilha", que émuito semelhante a certos tipos de ferramentas da Europa, mas este éclaramente um caso de convergaªncia cultural ", isto anã, povos não relacionados independentemente apresentando caracteristicas amplamente semelhantes ou soluções. "
Perston disse que o estudo também lançou as bases para avaliar cenários arqueola³gicos que foram propostos anteriormente, como semelhanças entre algumas das ferramentas na Austra¡lia e em Sulawesi, o que implica que as duas regiaµes tiveram contato e trocaram ideias hámilhares de anos.
Apesar de não descartar a possibilidade de que antigas comunidades aboragines tenham feito contato com pessoas fora da Austra¡lia, o estudo indica que a evidência de uma conexão com os Toaleans, no momento, não éforte.
"Descobrimos que, embora as pontas de Maros de Sulawesi sejam semelhantes a algumas ferramentas australianas - por exemplo, as famosas pontas de lana§a Kimberley - os processos de produção das pontas de Toalean e das pontas de pedra australianas são na verdade bastante diferentes, e este éum ta³pico que esperamos que possa ser explorado ainda mais ", disse Perston.
"Além disso, os 'micra³litos apoiados' e os 'pontos ósseos' que encontramos nas assembleias de Toalean são encontrados em outros locais ao redor do mundo. Sua presença na Austra¡lia pode ser simplesmente devido a convergaªncia, como éo caso das serrilhas de Toalean, que claramente não tem conexão com a Europa Paleolatica.
"Esperamos que este estudo seja uma ferramenta importante para os arqueólogos em Sulawesi, para que as pesquisas futuras possam ser mais consistentes e confia¡veis."
A pesquisa, "Um esquema de classificação padronizado para os artefatos Toalean do Holoceno Manãdio de South Sulawesi, Indonanãsia", foi publicada na PLOS ONE .