Economistas mulheres sub-representadas 'em todos os naveis' na academia do Reino Unido - relatório
Uma nova pesquisa mostra que a lacuna de gaªnero no ensino e no estudo da economia ainda édrama¡tica e, na verdade, estãopiorando. Economistas argumentam que este não éum problema apenas para a disciplina, mas para a sociedade como um todo.
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Cortesia
"A menos que os economistas sejam diversos, não podemos esperar construir um entendimento completo da economia e, com isso, formular os tipos certos de políticas"
Victoria Bateman
As mulheres estãosub-representadas “em quase todos os naveis†dentro da disciplina de economia nas universidades do Reino Unido, de acordo com um novo relatório coautorizado por um economista de Cambridge.
Na verdade, a Dra. Victoria Bateman diz que o novo relatório da Royal Economics Society (RES) revela sinais de "estagnação e recuo" no fechamento das lacunas de gaªnero no estudo da economia - com o consumo feminino (em relação ao masculino) caindo na graduação e naveis de mestrado nas últimas duas décadas.
Publicado hoje, o relatório ' Desequilabrio de gaªnero na economia do Reino Unido ' marca 25 anos desde o estabelecimento do Comitaª de Mulheres RES, que foi criado para monitorar e promover a representação das mulheres na economia do Reino Unido.
“A economia afeta a todos e os economistas precisam representar a todos nósâ€, disse Bateman, bolsista de economia do Gonville and Caius College. “Se não o fizerem, essa éuma grande barreira para a construção de uma compreensão sãolida da economia.â€Â Â
“Entre todos os alunos, da graduação ao doutorado, háduas vezes mais homens estudando economia do que mulheres nas universidades do Reino Unido. Embora em muitos aspectos a disciplina da economia tenha percorrido um longo caminho no século 21, a lacuna de gaªnero ainda éclaramente real, persistente e, em alguns aspectos, estãopiorando â€.
Bateman e colegas argumentam que atrair, reter e promover economistas éum “problema particular†dentro da academia do Reino Unido quando comparado a áreas do governo e organizações do terceiro setor, como think tanks.
Apenas um quarto (26%) dos economistas que trabalham na academia do Reino Unido são mulheres, e apenas 15% dos professores de economia são mulheres, em comparação com 38% dos economistas do Tesouro do Reino Unido e 44% dos pesquisadores de grupos de reflexa£o econa´mica.
Entre os alunos do Reino Unido que ingressam na disciplina, a diferença de gaªnero na verdade aumentou desde 2002, quando 31% dos alunos de graduação em economia e 37% dos alunos de mestrado eram mulheres. Em 2018, isso havia caado para 27% e 31%, respectivamente. Bateman diz que essas estatasticas mostram que o fechamento da lacuna de gaªnero na economia “não ésimplesmente uma questãode tempoâ€.
“Apenas um tera§o dos professores de economia no Reino Unido são mulheres e apenas quinze por cento dos professores de economiaâ€, disse a coautora do relatório, Dra. Erin Hengel, que recebeu seu PhD em economia em Cambridge antes de dar aulas na Universidade de Liverpool.
“Embora esses números sejam melhores do que há25 anos, a tendaªncia de melhoria se estabilizou. Parece que o progresso estãocomea§ando a diminuir muito antes de atingirmos qualquer tipo de paridade de gaªnero. â€
Quando os autores do relatório consideraram a etnia, a porcentagem de estudantes do sexo feminino foi maior. Em 2018, um tera§o (33%) dos estudantes negros em economia e 31% dos estudantes de graduação de etnia asia¡tica eram mulheres, em comparação com um quarto (25%) dos estudantes brancos.
No entanto, as mulheres provenientes de minorias anãtnicas não estãopermanecendo na economia acadaªmica. O relatório também descobriu que, emnívelde doutorado, a proporção de mulheres édez pontos percentuais menor entre os candidatos de minorias do que entre os candidatos brancos.
Talvez surpreendentemente, o relatório descobriu que entre 2012 e 2018 não havia uma única mulher negra empregada como professora de economia em qualquer lugar do Reino Unido.
Bateman diz que espera que o novo relatório sirva como um “chamado a s armas†para a disciplina da economia. “Pedimos a s universidades que se perguntem por que tão poucas mulheres do Reino Unido são atraadas para estudar e pesquisar a economia e por que, mesmo quando estão, elas não permanecemâ€, disse ela.Â
O livro de Bateman de 2019, The Sex Factor, mostrou como o status e a liberdade das mulheres são fundamentais para a prosperidade, e que a "cegueira de gaªnero" na economia deixou a disciplina de marca em tudo, desde a pobreza e a desigualdade atéa compreensão dos ciclos de expansão e retração.
“A menos que os economistas sejam diversos, não podemos esperar construir um entendimento completo da economia e, com isso, formular os tipos certos de políticasâ€, acrescentou Bateman.