Os pesquisadores compararam a consciência social emníveldepaís com uma sanãrie de andices globais, incluindo uma classificaça£o para saber se ospaíses estãoalcana§ando as metas climáticas globais.
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Pixabay
Compare o comportamento social humano emníveldepaís e vocêencontrara¡ diferenças. O Japa£o tem a pontuação mais alta, enquanto a Holanda estãoum pouco acima da média. Foi o que descobriu o psica³logo Niels van Doesem em pesquisa com uma equipe internacional de 64 colegas em 61países industrializados. Suas descobertas foram publicadas no PNAS .
O Japa£o teve a pontuação mais alta para a forma especafica de comportamento social em que a pesquisa comparativa se concentrou: atenção plena social. Isso se as pessoas estãoatentas a s pessoas que não conhecem. A pontuação da Holanda foi um pouco acima da média. Sessenta e quatro pesquisadores de 31países industrializados estiveram envolvidos na pesquisa. O psica³logo Niels van Doesum, do Instituto de Psicologia da Universidade de Leiden, foi o co-iniciador e o primeiro autor do artigo.
Amiga¡vel e gosta de ajudar
Muitas pesquisas foram conduzidas sobre o comportamento social das pessoas quando o dinheiro estãoem jogo: atéque ponto elas estãopreparadas para compartilhar isso com amigos, familiares ou estranhos? Van Doesum pesquisou o que acontece quando o dinheiro não estãoem jogo. Então, trata-se de levar em consideração os outros, o aspecto imaterial, em essaªncia caracteristicas ba¡sicas como ser amiga¡vel e prestativo. A pesquisa se concentrou em atéque ponto as pessoas estãocientes do controle de outra pessoa sobre suas escolhas. O termo atenção plena social difere, portanto, da mais conhecida atenção plena (individual).
Van Doesum iniciou a pesquisa junto com Ryan Murphy, que na anãpoca trabalhava na Universidade de Zurique, e seu ex-orientador Paul van Langer, professor de psicologia da VU Amsterdam. O trabalho de Van Doesum estãosob a responsabilidade do departamento de Psicologia Social, Econa´mica e Organizacional da Universidade de Leiden e do Centro de Conhecimento para Psicologia e Comportamento Econa´mico afiliado.
Dilemas para 8.354 participantes
Um exemplo de dilema que os 8.354 participantes do estudo receberam éo teste da maçã. Aqui vocêdeve imaginar uma tigela com uma maçã vermelha e duas verdes. Vocaª pode escolher qual escolher, mas sabe que alguém vira¡ atrás de vocaª. Se vocêescolher o vermelho, a pessoa que estãoatrás de vocênão tera¡ escolha. Se vocêescolher uma verde, a pessoa que estãoatrás de vocêainda podera¡ escolher entre uma maçã vermelha e uma verde.
Os participantes foram apresentados a 12 dessas escolhas hipotanãticas em um computador. Os pesquisadores escolherampaíses industrializados porque um esta¡gio semelhante do processo de desenvolvimento econa´mico permite uma comparação melhor. Os resultados mostraram diferenças significativas entre indivíduos e entrepaíses. Para cadapaís, foi calculada a pontuação média dos indivaduos. O Japa£o assumiu a liderana§a no ranking, e andia, Turquia e Indonanãsia ficaram nas últimas posições.
a‰ melhor ser mais pra³-social?
Isso significa que ospaíses que estavam no topo da classificação sãopaíses 'melhores'? Van Doesum: 'Na£o, vocênão pode dizer isso. Nãoatribuamos um julgamento de valor aos resultados da pesquisa. O principal éque existem diferenças. Isso éo que espera¡vamos, mas não foi comprovado cientificamente. Ha¡ várias explicações possaveis para isso.'
Os pesquisadores compararam a consciência social emníveldepaís com uma sanãrie de andices globais, incluindo uma classificação para saber se ospaíses estãoalcana§ando as metas climáticas globais. 'Aqui, vimos uma relação clara e positiva, mas isso não significa que haja uma ligação causal com a atenção plena social. O que exatamente éessa relação ainda precisa ser investigado. Nossa pesquisa não diz nada sobre isso.