Dente de leite Neandertal bebaª preservado mostra surgimento mais cedo do que em humanos
Nos humanos modernos, os dentes decaduos , também conhecidos como dentes de leite , ou dentes de leite, geralmente surgem das gengivas por volta dos sete a 10 meses de idade.
Uma equipe internacional de pesquisadores que estuda um dente de leite Neandertal recuperado encontrou evidaªncias de dentes de leite crescendo mais rápido e surgindo mais cedo na espanãcie humana extinta do que nos humanos modernos. Em seu artigo publicado em Proceedings of the Royal Society B , o grupo descreve seu estudo.
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)
Figura 1. Taxas de extensão pré-natal do esmalte. (A) Incisivo central decaduo superior K21, vista mesial. O reta¢ngulo destaca a regia£o de interesse capturada por meio de SRµCT. (B) Corte histola³gico virtual vestibulolingual. A barra de escala éde 200 macrons. Tamanho do voxel isotra³pico = 3,0 μm, δ / β = 20, espessura da fatia reformatada = 15 μm. O ponto amarelo indica EDJ 44 dias antes do nascimento. A seta azul aponta para a linha neonatal. A seta para trás aponta para o local onde a linha neonatal cruza com o EDJ no nascimento. (C) O ponto amarelo representa a taxa média de novos ameloblastos recrutados ao longo do EDJ ao longo de um período de 44 dias antes do nascimento. Valores manãdios para amostras comparativas modernas (australiano n = 29; brita¢nico medieval n = 13) representado por losango preto, com a linha mostrando os valores manimo e ma¡ximo. Consulte o material eletra´nico suplementar, Tabela suplementar S2. (D) Primeiro molar decaduo superior K183, vista mesial. O reta¢ngulo destaca a regia£o de interesse capturada por meio de SRµCT. (E) Corte histola³gico virtual vestibulolingual. A barra de escala éde 200 macrons, tamanho do voxel isotra³pico = 3,0 μm, δ / β = 20, espessura do corte reformatado = 15 μm. Taxas calculadas para pontos de partida comea§ando a 200, 500, 1000 e 1500 µm longe do corno da dentina, representados por pontos amarelos. (F) Os pontos amarelos representam a taxa de extensão para K183 em comparação com as taxas de extensão do primeiro molar decaduo superior para a amostra comparativa moderna (canadense n = 7). O diamante preto representa a média humana com uma linha ilustrando os valores ma¡ximos e manimos. Consulte o material eletra´nico suplementar, Tabela suplementar S3. Crédito: DOI: 10.1098 / rspb.2021.2079 (E) Corte histola³gico virtual vestibulolingual. A barra de escala éde 200 macrons, tamanho do voxel isotra³pico = 3,0 μm, δ / β = 20, espessura do corte reformatado = 15 μm. Taxas calculadas para pontos de partida comea§ando a 200, 500, 1000 e 1500 µm longe do corno da dentina, representados por pontos amarelos. (F) Os pontos amarelos representam a taxa de extensão para K183 em comparação com as taxas de extensão do primeiro molar decaduo superior para a amostra comparativa moderna (canadense n = 7). O diamante preto representa a média humana com uma linha ilustrando os valores ma¡ximos e manimos. Consulte o material eletra´nico suplementar, Tabela suplementar S3. Crédito: DOI: 10.1098 / rspb.2021.2079 (E) Corte histola³gico virtual vestibulolingual. A barra de escala éde 200 macrons, tamanho do voxel isotra³pico = 3,0 μm, δ / β = 20, espessura do corte reformatado = 15 μm. Taxas calculadas para pontos de partida comea§ando a 200, 500, 1000 e 1500 µm longe do corno da dentina, representados por pontos amarelos. (F) Os pontos amarelos representam a taxa de extensão para K183 em comparação com as taxas de extensão do primeiro molar decaduo superior para a amostra comparativa moderna (canadense n = 7). O diamante preto representa a média humana com uma linha ilustrando os valores ma¡ximos e manimos. Consulte o material eletra´nico suplementar, Tabela suplementar S3. Crédito: DOI: 10.1098 / rspb.2021.2079 representado por pontos amarelos. (F) Os pontos amarelos representam a taxa de extensão para K183 em comparação com as taxas de extensão do primeiro molar decaduo superior para a amostra comparativa moderna (canadense n = 7). O diamante preto representa a média humana com uma linha ilustrando os valores ma¡ximos e manimos. Consulte o material eletra´nico suplementar, Tabela suplementar S3. Crédito: DOI: 10.1098 / rspb.2021.2079 representado por pontos amarelos. (F) Os pontos amarelos representam a taxa de extensão para K183 em comparação com as taxas de extensão do primeiro molar decaduo superior para a amostra comparativa moderna (canadense n = 7). O diamante preto representa a média humana com uma linha ilustrando os valores ma¡ximos e manimos. Consulte o material eletra´nico suplementar, Tabela suplementar S3. Crédito: DOI: 10.1098 / rspb.2021.2079
Nos humanos modernos, os dentes decaduos , também conhecidos como dentes de leite , ou dentes de leite, geralmente surgem das gengivas por volta dos sete a 10 meses de idade. Permanecem no local por aproximadamente seis anos, quando são substituados por dentição sucessãoria ou permanente. Pesquisas anteriores mostraram que o esmalte que cobre os dentes de leite tem linhas neonatais que marcam o ponto onde o esmalte foi produzido antes e depois do nascimento do bebaª. Pesquisas anteriores também mostraram que o esmalte cresce nos dentes em um ciclo dia¡rio, o que causa estriações cruzadas. A quantidade de crescimento denta¡rio em um aºnico dia pode ser vista na distância entre as listras. Neste novo esfora§o, os pesquisadores usaram essas informações enquanto estudavam um dente de leite Neandertal de uma criana§a que vivia aproximadamente 120.000 perto do que hoje éa cidade de Krapina, na Croa¡cia.
Ao estudar o dente de leite, os pesquisadores foram capazes de trazr a rapidez com que o dente cresceu na criana§a e a anãpoca de sua vida em que emergiu da gengiva - em algum momento entre os quatro e os sete meses de idade. Essa descoberta sugere que os dentes começam a emergir das gengivas em criana§as de Neandertal vários meses antes do que em humanos modernos. Assim, as criana§as de Neandertal provavelmente começam a comer alimentos sãolidos antes do que acontece com as criana§as humanas modernas. Os pesquisadores confirmaram seus resultados comparando o que haviam encontrado com outro osso da mandabula preservado de Neandertal que tinha três dentes intactos. Os pesquisadores sugerem que os neandertais podem ter precisado comea§ar a comer uma variedade mais diversificada de alimentos mais cedo na vida do que os humanos modernos, porque eles precisariam de mais energia para nutrir seus cérebros grandes. Pesquisas anteriores sugeriram que eles eram maiores do que o cérebro dos humanos modernos .