Os primeiros humanos ganharam ora§amento de energia aumentando a taxa de aquisição de energia, não pela adaptação para economia de energia
Em seu artigo publicado na revista Science , eles descrevem seu estudo de gasto de energia versus ingestãode energia em humanos primitivos.
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Ql1ZsB6ZgdV6ROg65nAPQmqrx/n+mRT1GfRNCQjQUWJv3r9knm/yA0BXJKKpRudGC5Zo5u1oq3Fx9XKoq1cosjSzoFShYAvHvY5gw6byl0G3XaGkWi4kt43wP8AIRGmD0lvq2PwANqDqBXvHtZAnNyfqUHsBRl+OfKZJZTcr0i00NsuUb58Ep8X1n1+TCAbF1F/cpLop6ZY0nGfNlNSkr8f+RCnhueP/ZbwYfM/5DLCkawrWljVQNSlXlAmJgLVcUhTiiqEGsLUovr3XBLlAdWaAOgmpjx/pfTIBlpXLnHMvKN97yPTut01rMpJ1oHSIsgZ0CFAVNHRIIBTRZewEotADXxisK0V2Sstpaen7l9cl0g3iMWGgmh3kEI0wLOBIBoIgewot2FfVG1t0l1kTiuBC3QY8iLE7lHfWiP4rBirVBPSAKBQaRIybLlcek1A8srsM6kCkSHYBpyNY5ksUtci6Gxxmd/U79XQhRBZzKtI7G1rXWLzGmIBnB0YCVADyhYSi/mQo1It3Tb1jfSWFnEuhAstR4jlgSqN+dnp33SKiY1vF0mXdoDk6nY8kStuw39T8hlgWroEQCWJYm80l0bujixFBqRbKG/qdpUhWrQhH0RHC9O00SgHgpfswQBQcAOnswQSoODV169gqVkN3h6fi9E7DrIuFXV7ev4zqJ5LmS5nithaIBQJwSBWnfrt0GOu4MZRDkOp0j4lWcMFAS8aElXhKXi95Li6TttQtevYly1zbgvtCUFdaj2iCU6SqIcAqCAuYSoI0hAqLZ11bUP/AGEKAoEo6oTagyTnMBocOSIRgG28SRLhyIt27veLG1ooCVSmpy0cg4T6jhgVAauOTPRCU/ebgIkvvpxYqYioVlTE0dqtW60Hp5JlXkHtF5oaNOENDA4EZBnpC1ibpXRgGjCzI4S6rAsHS734x5gO7WWF8bRvhMI0phpUGuT6IlDNBd3QOPnGsKIwKxeKrrwiDbyNgts0XDXWZMugjkG610hmgHEvCqjw1BFXUW23CUMhyGbGyFKJZApU06wP6MeDIYbYrMeSq6Cls8bm9QPySjzR8I58AMsNOX2ObAfFOEqFq1ze0biA5AMfazpH1tZwCQVs+tGkBvGiesxwCOZeF9OUAAiwhKs2oPCHG1Zhmjd0MchSDqn4fROw3cghqKt9Lm+ovJTJ59qhgCq7Ep0cIKpodMKze5TjLLqWXV5i8rDvdAbPOU3ZTjFDXsJ9KFGtQfuNS8lSrws6L6SyCOncMBClbYX9QgO+rbsA36yyJE8CYJ41Fl3f+SkpdXLlOMpBG7aNVxfgss5HoALVeELvtBsxY7hBQZSpq6IBm4NRFKZTYivhBWLXDGIuUmtgIRZpKbss4yw3/AnFhCuEH76SvcYKAjoJYWpVmJc8QIA2tDRePKGMA0Iq2XOLsWFsoo3RnaWgcm024K23a5wH6qhYNEvRzrASyuy3ZvjmPrEmBdeTrAQsMzbIq+UoaIKFzQY6IGYEFCJNBBetWr5x7npOLpMnRmTEZoCQCjhjThLkaAKGaVorW+NswTCCQETByxF8yNEG4IiLpZwCrOC+Mrpc4gIe8OGmcBG3hEgqQArFWu7WPGFtA1qAmDynVSgc9HwmnQOlLGE53mZECALoBR4qLhvXQG7VvwxpMeFPw0DwYGICQ6RTqJuYPKDLM1lS2wrhUDLGgzxBoUGDWCihY8JMvq9ZpsgdAr8PoUIA9qRxGI7uPms/faWqnBuqhlWkOcFBW8vK/a8jYcY8zBiTSianerxUq1oWQNXNwXhghGGdFVRVE44HMFgGyY4Z4whAUVwWWa484m+/dJQsNqHnHR7VSWUsM0Y8J/m+N3cbTHFythASKgQysKYRTxY5W+HWDSihK8u4hZwWdHAYMYiEDxFYlgmVrtJCfb0YNXicuecY0NYq1aom0uRVpjyeEWCgmQpo5La9Ze00CKSgB2tagxtpyCUF0zNadmVQUtvmDgbu4C3mz5fgsPInRrCl4TOSIQwqoRVmzhuFzwq+aZIUA5uWN0QbZaNPjgtrrovN75lD3R9mc2L2zXWBHPReTIu5Dsq0wao12VuR265lVDZyeEtflVo07Gzat8o1WNNlOEsqrfKcdbexVlHvOVtG+cR5a+EFB1bTV/UYaRvGcj5s5HzZyPmzkfNnI+bOR82cj5s5HzZyPmzkfWcj5s5HzZyPmzkfNnI+bOR82cj5s5HzZyPmzkfNnI+bOR82cj5s5HzZyPmzkfNnI+bOR82cjOR82cj5s5HzZyPmzkfNnI+bOR82cj5s5HzYEiCzOvbwWZcmH99xBsVXXXVLUPQgISku1oomMkXII6pai+RCzjnmHrguOhE3aoKljNXV4M1AXvQ2irbVdbyzKs0ANjSNZJQGGrjNVQoahXS0GhHFmRbcGz1IMJc3c0W8KPKMNW5LgrPLjrCi4u0OoVXuGbCHKae8MC4qhccEbHBpDa0VqJGy27cusEyt4RVZ6Eo7HuQGiF41caRaQ2UcltfONRct1VA0WVyiB1EGLm/JvMNS9jKW2VbYNRNFwJTCYYbiuuxdHh+ClLdgqOImSCcL5EpxU3fO4Shckp4SrbHBCw2BNQFoOkxAorCF1AtHhEuheucxG06xZtgq1TjGHTBjlK0M+88wq+dQLDcJy1SvusSIAaAGk6w7dyXkg05OTAQACgNjvG50I2dLy/XY6TeaEoPUGbgJoA8YI6f0uA4EvIY93vK614UEDnndY4y5uxEUUsLXQzDHHxQs1ldIVGjACzRqur3hG99g11QLdW1caddaKNAAdcwseMLGlp0cOmOcWzZ0FKtacOTHP8DjcogBq1ecYoATBoVXRmytcRA8UJNgrzxL4YgKLVwBm5Wr5EJCHaLOiq6uxyiwMwBogltNfSJLg1KUFOGfO4JBJsCZQqnWyqjdnhUU3w62hXP8a6t8+NNXY415wmRKFawarpd4F4uOgOwzm4MtHO6nV0l4xu8IUpMxYqS0woSCCvOgU0pbnwg0Mi023QLlrMRTUQFPLHfXSntyC48nPzwXB949jp3hGikFxdYnwRWqnWaIH+hSmnB4aP3A0Mh491f7rTgM+gxpdk1aAyHBgb5ywQNdNZJSAzKuU16chxuJWArjWRcuFFajyCabEL5RDPALo1GGcyjOwjbEW9Xc8PwNqhNrkWoVNSm8qOuqB1cZZla1mX+lclVrWzompyE3qr6zMmHAHogljfhUHtXGtlV7usVAOYgu+FMLYFDiuhztIUkSTiUgvrpd8PxqRQ7VmHrFhl/K3P0rgdY60DOC1eczZcfXmfGLRDTiVnwphB5FIuGUipGUBuDdUY95pSZwrRjvubjnjbPpcMigPgV2On49CUHrTNwE2R4wR0f5mArVjqZPaZitWdTH6/CktuKSLat615QAKCFMOk0YfBNNh3qzX4BpiyscCosgABq0brqru94CusH3hIRlnBwLNeH8FYm7QXig0woT0CgOHfwrNN6cfvtUDP5xTRTpBcXWJseEVrZ4TQg/yBzgZeJHTrN8G/32O9bGYj0KzS5ZF61mMQLsEVCx5TQWVO2La7g2LS/YiAujsNT0ML49jZsLk0rtYjTXd3d57rC5Bi6iK6jF3v26eKurXSDZ6ValgdFlzeAaXrU425ldS48ApTlMeXa5RatONEJBV6G9IpGgSl5YKqAA6lwvqqF2wfPeU8KiXNvyrPe+PbldQDoq/Z7ApWCRC1W20PFbH3nCO6hRbf8ADt4st4st4st4st4st4st4st4st4st4st4st4st4st4st4st4st4st4st4st4sbrOvc6f05f47PWJnwKdml0xEcK6G7A0kBAocAO59Tn2ehSuBAIlra1z70sC5Pv3VXM9yCvF93t9D+k0SBGasngyIKMoSUDeK/YA8Zir6t2uVq/mII3Cadf8YA3YHnf6jq6g9JhHleR8d4NKI9Ixsr9ztzXY/gr7GsTVGxe4fdZQFBQf1Hru5wrV+VfvswpwU8RHy7Nd4I+sG8F6ATPhlDuYc49+zBl0WLZd3y5d7LPBPu7tO9H2gDoNeeeYdv6ZivZaJYca3eayR10OGMXt8RmUAEcFSnuSYRV3oG75j5+DJNmLhhAtgnJhuxX65/6PnFUx1EG3pcDSQohdi9Db6PpBvDFG53aviCth8xSdYHgu3lXb0Z76S9VIZroX4FygBetGr5x0/qPXdzDbC9a/47M00qf3Mw4J2VXqmJp8bXMuMt3QkLt5GACWOSel9zM8R9O1irepfg6wbL7XgNQsGDYXsbrLgQKy4gmGVOQM+r/zutkbAN02PXymHJ0AzWjzqo/4VLF6ECqGtcj96wcvdOHTpG3WVYnTy5zJYNvo8vHuNi26Oq5TXCatmtB0hp258SPUgsdAttj0p8Ox0mQA6sWpXR/BoWwR0TurRbLAtSu0R0b/AInru59Vhb++wIG+uhl0pp8u3f3vKNHze6BBLHWJ62P1NZydzxM8x3Mdb/hvKYV5n67FdA2N2NMXvA+WAOu3PZZDmLHWHUGrRdP9hsPQfDxojok43fuB1Z6lV+MP1NSuq4sFdKgaL7nzlLLYMltLhl65L46vghoQMAFBKECOoktNWlobGvu/YWMY5rW5+4+xJ1GGWzld2+Uv8YArXpBkO83bXwQ4r0A07jC/a7zIOIFeEfvsdJdqFgAHxhlBZSzPRTMGWGIeQANYlX3K0h2Vo7SthZkHVAcwdNJrLxoBdBjdp8omQwSVdow1VHPKbxHUBKTWrd+UoqyVTWbaGeUY9RdO4WniodFmSYaUApYAiNzLMGwVvhzKQ14OSF5riNGTCWuXlB9OdtgFeQvfhGVIu2bP7Y8UptPiqCGtM1pDDo0rqFDx0gcWgb6qlPmuJ1oeEUKdbHrf8T13c6w86HYOghUS1n0z2ijvo8GKLGsd4FeHZ4M0HdaZ17nWoekNO0ECxKY1TUp46S+NrQ1ZhkuzocCASHQWAGWTrg6R98kZPZVkHThlZLETQAta0lJFMG3MV0lhAA0Mm9msoCiPLNGPggaYgK3cEZos2hX3yiHwPxOKenxQWnSKVKKvRggDO6JKJwVSKY7IW63XTMpnO+C/FnOY2svj3tr1h1rExnkF1/6djpHIkK3Ei3K4FTRM9ON4wsqeXlowligTbdG3iyy2xvpoVEQeLiVCaaSoqCh4uJUOcCsykacW6VLV4FGEZGm6qswu63kFS+CD0uDvgdXSkZ84Rlw0LvQa5uOkcKz8KBCh3vEzWJUDnVecsUpFFOjjL4kfAJTsaHi2vWUMtCKiQVWHGtw2lksSEUrFBWsHzpNWGJ42fIm7ozYoadADx/ieu7nTSef+doOs+5xSqe+D1BzI6TcvtFjgHWIOJ6+Z3DuCvZ/7FGVNOPIhAQaAdtQ424sfMeruwNt6kzet3MIfq2yybxFEAFpsOsBljbG8wlIijS1D9QCBat9coDq3g+IBqvr/AMwOrdVOKOrf3PeQXPSwMAFBR+FtKTzmEHp5UOxnNTmpzU5qc1OanNTmpzUXEVRgZQs5qc1Oa7E5qc1Oal5RZtoFvGAKFDlU5qc1OanNTmpzU5qc1OanNTmpzU5qc1OanNTmpzU5qXRWZ3h2/bbXtNNxR3Dj7MO9UuaWB4V3K7qsDucZVgFidoy/rSBQNVXz7WWQMcHNiZGWXociFj3utXuMWXtqBF41ABK8igDwIfwuHAfnRH3hoOT2/pBLAObPRgNz2JnYZ7Ey57M2vaMaLXV59zHj/wC/b0Td49zDdQp4Sk9wezFTl7w0O0WjjMGtU7gCIljDAbV83xBEsbHs1fbae+93sVOL5RdcNunWApAwB/JI7I8I/aVBu3p/OAsDqz0RDc1J0/lOaQ9mZc9mLXtELR6t970v37nji9e2vmpk8IRe52pYjoxUfXB0ez2/vNDp3OTSHunABSMKIdU93Zq+20917sOttxZn/pj517ds11gUfyqPLSXph71AEbvPWn8hBaDqz2BtzUHT+UDc6w0b0y57A2vaL31x/J6X79zVcPc7XMz7d4D3PoW27BfQjt8Q7nLYX3jKw6O48YofB+ym79aS7RtFNTMGhfrwcj+YLhabwLPWouhEuFPwn8JAWodZon8bnoo/KDuvOGmfBuaI+qvaL31hv+F6X79z6Pj3Ckbq6GDZZ28ddTrLc0YesJ1olRLahbuLujTwhaSF96na9fBfiVSzuAYJr9z+cDej/LUe3l+RQLWiaJvG56KPym4Xqnsg3NEXTEXvrjf8j0v37mg4+53D0EKjq163cM44yHLscgFPXuriDh4od6jFB6hAdwfofgUC2CJY2fxUnOj7/wCz5kGcMhuPcuKBahNE3jNFhNwuqp7BNzUC6Yjd9cb/AJ3pfv3PLD17prXAcuMEQRse0FeHZ4MQuDGnHnEZ/ZCATudxSNjBWTa3dUAEEdE7tUNR6JW3cB+D1aCv4uPvNXJ2fBh/VNKoeLoeyQSwosTeBUV1VPYpuaAumIzfXG/6T0v37mXBz37oIFjrEvs9T27jsfZPHlHCKcJtMeNzuoJSWO0UPe5fqYbI6rU7mbRQDeMqBShrGpcpHRhNu+RstF1sQjNAruukNDga/gPLLNq8gNCZ8R1udjy08owVUC4IliPT8VnHtsurihrBss/j+l+/c6Gvv3lh49oXXHgvXuEhK9B+5ufQvR7+QFDQYSaUvjB1lSCdms8nzzKBBbcHNml8zzx3AbEii28XB2dEOgOe/eY9FJY5n8BBEQR1GLkWRuaE2vlPNIAOTeMbFAZwIU1nXzguwW9wVqPnrGFaARcBfzxGCiphgG/WCamXGpXViAtIDi0j7So9AaJLVf1HKxcGohPOG2D4MV+lyplk0PHR6sLdNx6rkvVY3YhVtFxrVyQmWy2mcONzAILVtZZjHlOZZnmjHke8UaX1NS08IA7qba4NPBVyhCwC9gP7hWNE7UTSuMS8qJTwLDwyfw/S/fudVDy/3vpxsZeK3E3gIJO3PUe063opaLOJud++TA0v1LJDGRMhqMqAlyuM3pwgcl2cXJ7KluZ0/UiWTiQAKADl+FLJHQStJ5jWBwe6YmqTl3GiCjW0so60/DoYIGF1fAbYoQOfQaJ4a9CFWvvhtXHQrpD6xaC9axdYZuTrlAAV6Ra4VVd7u4/CQE0yU95QZBapTThs5iJVCheQiu7Jl1bjWTyi/lAoKEZOmSKogWuGqrqMYWAgFiVmtSiViyKIi4TGxiWAjarBVZGcWXxRlYxLCtqLRIG2V2isp6XcztMGbsBVVy1lKAV5UZuWqqIcwVfi2/w/S/fufZOg/CicUmzPHM7MGyztsmyNF9/yQmxe/ZN4sJPo7Ug2wTKGsWlNKgcAQt/GIWRRow0OxBKS5qgHiYmwBwyJsQcVEaTwhUPE7Ahp8B+FLIs37c+2T6ZPpk+mT6ZPtk+mT6ZPpk+2QHTibfE+mT7ZPtk+2T7ZPpk+2RTX0oAUelPtk+2T7ZPtk+2T7ZPtk+2T7ZPtk+2T7ZPtk+2T7ZPtk+2T7ZDjchNIdv2xUn6/FWEnBiq/TUJbc7R8YIliJ2vUHpjOn5MJWPAxhnTvZ1xFWgcR+ohle5TBjzH4b0Qc2UyVb2Hvg0LGigBR2/rTb641PaE37TSvrN5v31Qj/WLYmAEQHGGnbitnfFXz+Q2iTmRbtHDUm5E6vpNP14b9o1EOZHM5iyS/kTq+k0Xvg4e9mHmCMaFuaz1EtSBXm4OvcFsg5sO08gl6BzGWLerTiUIA4HeEx3wMscPzWg7VrqtX+lsnrGAmsp5poDo0m6HwJ+8hn6+Ca9vFFXVXu/VcYadvIvmtP6/PmWvEYZwW+uYN1zTUgln0PbpvfEwxy2TqzRC8Qml7y37ubeQRPIDqSvCvHeZYNG28MsH3dYt6kOIVRjkd4BaA4sEwJsHh6ojfUZf0CDVCaduom23oWG9sqbRIaQ6Bc1kPJPWIT+X6rjDTt43El6H+Cl6xGnNYTZnC1+cLaW46kEsxye3IDfEwzhx1PWbDHUJpOvDfuWjXMIzhRslAFODWXAHumWJHEavAilnlYINRDkfyxLAObNOkaS+oh/WKIvQ+JNO6OPb017T1WG/4n0XGKTo13SOTsVi7FwXOtvywfr+Ig6xG+owZtYcPnNJypkg+F7cyN8TDN3p1ZtkdUmm68N+2/RziVRdEEKG+SVRDl2JiwYXaM5N1gAKP4l9ht9cantwbmldFB9X1BGesWzSegJrU8kQtHq3/AC/QfeHU0tAttPvrB1AA3GZnq2daZeBTd8S/v+RkkjxMM4tOrHW9dUmml8HD25074mGbvTqzYI6hNP3lvNZYfomNhnmNGOdAUJpDU3LX+EtERQLygtyHskLP1sCa9vFFVtb/AKL6rjB/Lk7jB0GqnmF94kT9wMP1crL40r+Xpc85sM6hOB3F/UUo5TB7ULSPEwzg/wDXMLaU46nnBwVXjEWtPFpKHnkdGUR4rSDZZ/A1Jqdf6f6rjDSDSXNLIfqYRmgOOp7/AM/R951PSW5J9dPSOUV4MHsQSksjG140bV8c8pZFPNqRMr4pdV0Qw98h/PqTQ6sQCqaiiBZ5BQpzW/WJxBS6I1HGsKJ2ryK1HGHSUUT8gq1cY9YkBnIl6p00085WilHbUGfXEyDUCz1StMcYUhN7eWhStHrEag3dBOJWNJRWCtutWNNozlobhRl1v2iRqibeC/FGqLbfLmwUytxnpKxTgpzAzPqkNfDXwlughUSGUKz5wGXGh2xoYyxdEpJeoWetkRuBzrAlj5CeX8T6rjDSYHrlcnX2nEDTlYeyf0Wh74SxYDqE06V1SE2L2ZcV0DL1upsg0Wnk6ksleFuR3L6hA4k/LqSny2VLpvWJm2y1KR4TOIXjgqfEsM1FLQ2QwRVALLYKIPjGxBOTG0G926miheKy+rMvITWvaVxlUobvIsK46SyLt8Lk+YAbgG2RdNtYbSve2fFuLU9RtDpzXv0IHNsCXeIOx8wYPnFm1a45TGKiQ7pl+vODWWjXBkTrGzZLkYQOvCKGliDkD1x4zd4a/DCB6vl/E+q4w0mr3K/OZVmxfXl/SvYeAM+vUJ0eJgexOllpqQaBewaeMwrFoN5WtOJswc/U4fkSyopbr99Zb7/Mt9/mW+/zKgfWrJtrdiuXKW+/zLff5lvv8y33+Zb7/MQhINHWest9/mW+/wAy33+Zb7/Mt9/mW4fvrAw9MyerACoCrU1+st9/mW+/zLff5lvv8y33+Zb7/Mt9/mW+/wAy33+Zb7/Mt9/mW+/zLff5lvv8y33+Zb7/ADLff5lvv8y33+Y+XUNf67K2NJzwFjg/VOXtX9OFvcdyapch0TAKhqsJEBSWO0UfsGksqzs7jKqNGhxgAGx/GtE/wU/yXzP8l8z/ACXzP8l8z/JfM/yXzP8AJfM/yXzP8l8z/JfM/wAl8z/JfM/yXzP8l8z/ACXzP8l8z/JfM/yXzP8AJfM/yXzP8l8z/JfM/wAl8z/JfM/yXzP8l8z/ACXzP8l8z/JfM/yXzP8AJfM/yXzP8l8z/JfM/wAl8z/JfM/yXzP8l8y7oVFnY+brcsUX5eiGXQAHA/qcolOgwkFgcEHvASCOiT9RgIOkXJLduX6fjdGOr/T+j+8strXC214Q8YBePFPu/wDVoJSXGGXX8Esr1OEcHwUeDsyr8YHRjq/0/p/vFu66bVXA94iIGA4OY4/1v6jQRImRKR2j8l/G6MdX+n9H94UNGTICiueLvn/Xox7X7p6d9vxujKQoBELVo1i+CaWbeXfQeqtmtVB1Y3SFFtEvhcVkp1HugyAC1diEFKxvAzfj2k2lYPCq+YF4W0GwGV9POCiA2Dt2LQvCHtutdLq/FX5/R/f+wIJLEji9fb8boxFFjBthmI6mSCMOENoWqp1RMvPLmKDWkiVY0a8+cufkqtF0U3DhFREQRs0o8MK1Gqt2PQwe1+Ms4rsbSw0rhioFwKQeBP3EtkchqIU8ISsgRhrsirYoj0SIVxzFKcFLUO8+ZdoDi72vqwZisqCW3Q0PiDyhqjUZ1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Principais transições na energanãtica de subsistaªncia dos hominoides. (A) A mudança de forrageamento semelhante a um grande macaco para caça e coleta (1) e a adoção da agricultura de subsistaªncia durante a Revolução Neolatica (2) envolverammudanças no comportamento e na tecnologia para permitir o acesso a novos alimentos Recursos. (B) Por meio dessas transições, os humanos pagavam custos de energia mais altos para adquirir um número maior de calorias em menos tempo; as transições da esquerda para a direita são representadas em (A). A subsistaªncia humana minimiza os custos de tempo, mas não os custos de energia, resultando em taxas de retorno aprimoradas, mas em eficiência semelhante a de outros grandes macacos. Crédito: Ilustrações: Samantha Shields; DOI: 10.1126 / science.abf0130
Uma equipe de pesquisadores afiliados a várias instituições nos EUA, o Instituto de Estudos Avana§ados em Toulouse, Frana§a e o Instituto Max Planck de Antropologia Evolutiva na Alemanha, encontrou evidaªncias que sugerem que os primeiros humanos ganharam um ora§amento de energia aumentando sua taxa de aquisição de energia. não tirando vantagem de estratanãgias adaptativas. Em seu artigo publicado na revista Science , eles descrevem seu estudo de gasto de energia versus ingestãode energia em humanos primitivos.
Nesse novo esfora§o, os pesquisadores notaram que os humanos hámuito tempo divergiram de maneira significativa dos outros grandes macacos. Eles se perguntaram como isso aconteceu e decidiram olhar para a ingestãode energia e despesas. Pessoas e outros animais tem que fazer uma certa quantidade de trabalho (gasto) para receber uma ingestãode energia. Subir em uma a¡rvore para pegar uma banana éum exemplo simples. A quantidade de energia necessa¡ria para subir em uma a¡rvore supera em muito o benefacio potencial de comer uma única banana. Mas se uma única pessoa écapaz de derrubar várias bananas, a ingestãototal de energia pode superar o esfora§o de subir em uma a¡rvore uma única vez. Para aprender mais sobre como o consumo e o gasto de energia podem ter levado a s caracteristicas humanas modernas, os pesquisadores estudaram dois grupos de pessoas modernas - caçadores coletores na Tanza¢nia e horticultores-coletores em uma floresta tropical boliviana.
Ao examinar os dois grupos, eles descobriram que ambos gastam mais energia na subsistaªncia, mas também alcana§am eficiência energanãtica em comparação com os grandes macacos modernos. Isso apesar do fato de que o bipedalismo e o uso de ferramentas são conhecidos por diminuir a quantidade de energia gasta para obter alimentos. O resultado foi a aquisição de mais alimento a uma taxa muito maior do que a dos grandes macacos. Os pesquisadores sugerem que isso indica que os humanos não são economizadores de custos, mas sim criaturas que operam em formas de alto rendimento que levam a grandes recompensas. Eles sugerem que divergir dos grandes macacos dessa forma levou a produção de tantos alimentos que os primeiros humanos tiveram muito mais tempo para fazer outras coisas, como se socializar. Eles ainda sugerem que tal socialização, combinada com as atividades organizacionais envolvidas na obtenção a comida levou ao desenvolvimento de cérebros maiores e, a partir daa, outros atributos exclusivamente humanos.