Pesquisadores encontram grandes benefacios de custo para empresas com CEOs maquiavanãlicos
Um novo estudo publicado no Strategic Management Journal em maio revela um desses casos, descobrindo que as empresas com CEOs maquiavanãlicos tem uma economia de lucro laquido de mais de 6,6% nos custos da empresa.
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)
Pixabay
Narcisismo, psicopatia e maquiavelismo são onipresentes entre os CEOs, apesar das amplas evidaªncias de que esses traa§os sombrios de personalidade representam riscos financeiros e gerenciais para as organizações. Sua prevalaªncia em conselhos corporativos - quase três vezes a população geral - sugere que, em alguns naveis, o comportamento anti-social pode beneficiar a gestãoempresarial. Um novo estudo publicado no Strategic Management Journal em maio revela um desses casos, descobrindo que as empresas com CEOs maquiavanãlicos tem uma economia de lucro laquido de mais de 6,6% nos custos da empresa.
"Negociar custos importantes da empresa éuma atividade fundamental, muitas vezes manchete, com impacto significativo nas organizações", disse Federico Aime, professor de administração da Oklahoma State University e um dos autores do estudo. "Personalidades altamente maquiavanãlicas se destacam consistentemente em situações estressantes, incertas, desestruturadas e com alto grau de interação cara a cara - todas elas são solida¡rias com a posição de CEO e negociações de alto navel."
A pesquisa mede especificamente como os CEOs mais altos na escala maquiavanãlica (altos Machs) se saem na negociação de custos de produção mais baixos, prêmios de aquisição e financiamento de davidas. Para determinar Machs altos, Aime, juntamente com os coautores Tessa Recendes, Aaron D. Hill e Oleg V. Petrenko, agregou um vadeo paºblico de 198 CEOs de empresas S&P 500 de 2000 a 2011. Profissionais de psicologia treinados avaliaram os vadeos usando um escala para o maquiavelismo.
"Ha¡ uma suposição entre os pesquisadores de gestãode nega³cios de que os mercados determinam os custos e os CEOs não podem contribuir muito para reduzi-los por pura força de personalidade", disse Recendes. "Mas onde os CEOs não estãonegociando diretamente, eles criam cultura e prioridades dentro de uma empresa que os gerentes usam como diretrizes."
Para estabelecer a influaªncia do CEO sobre os custos, os autores primeiro executaram modelagem multinavel em dados corporativos e financeiros de quatro conjuntos de dados diferentes, encontrando um efeito do CEO de 32,3% nos custos de produção e 22,3% nos custos de financiamento. Para aquisições, no entanto, a influaªncia do CEO éclara: sua presença pode ser sentida em todas as etapas, desde a seleção dos alvos de aquisição atéa negociação do acordo final. Com a conexão entre cada custo e os CEOs estabelecida, os pesquisadores compararam como os CEOs em todo o espectro maquiavanãlico se saaram em 1.354 anos firmes e 186 aquisições.
"Nãodeveria ser surpresa que os CEOs com um foco maquiavanãlico na negociação paguem menos nos prêmios de aquisição", disse Hill. “O maquiavelismo pode levar os CEOs a coletar mais informações de barganha porque sua desconfianção inerente, alavancar interações e coalizaµes sociais e manipular os outros, permitem que eles vena§amâ€.
O estudo descobriu que as empresas com CEOs maquiavanãlicos pagaram 12,11% menos prêmios de aquisição, representando aproximadamente US$ 157 milhões ou 3,6% do nega³cio manãdio. As empresas com CEOs de Mach alto também pagaram US$ 101,19 milhões a menos em mercadorias vendidas e US$ 35,8 milhões a menos em juros da davida, representando uma economia total de 6,6% no lucro laquido da empresa média. Os pesquisadores explicaram que as altas expectativas de Mach e as normas culturais foram filtradas para o desempenho de barganha na produção e nos custos financeiros.
“Mesmo para as interações em que não estãodiretamente envolvidos, eles definem o tom do topo e infundem na organização grande parte de suas caracteristicas por meio de sua agenda, decisaµes iniciais e comportamentos de liderana§aâ€, disse Petrenko.
Os autores observam que, embora os altos CEOs de Mach parea§am reduzir os custos da empresa, isso pode não superar os riscos do traa§o de personalidade. No entanto, o estudo ajuda a explicar a onipresença do maquiavelismo nos escalaµes superiores da gestãoempresarial , considerando o foco de décadas na redução de custos. Adicionar estruturas de negociação e recursos de busca de oportunidades pode oferecer alguns dos mesmos efeitos, mas também pode haver benefacios inexplorados do maquiavelismo para os CEOs.