O 'rejuvenescimento' de Stromboli anuncia uma era de erupções vulcânicas mais variáveis
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xEPX3nj0idbAXGNmDZRZY+pRKO1XOtm3/IdOMOfb+KCpy5DEIqEY6F39+Nuht0INhOhBsNlnMzmRMGeSIJ+IEAyQCa9r9asolfiFJJPEMwpvJ/wHgbCefQMbjYRRk2YJcHtl8gRYgxFOTh/xbrywonDP30rz5JCB/gD342O4nfo8QQe0cjA0AzdwYPxZhR6H5FeTTU6mp2Rk5Z5XJApsqfvTuNj3BuITOhtcOwl2RsuAMG5djte4Z+Mfpvk+yiNBhboNhj3n7s7+N/GwwB6FlwToeBug5TgZ1BCeMOYhww97LD23wOEPwEsNtUWCMPvTuId2ghMHoWHrGw7UTlsrcpUORXtXp/kyniP4mFF4dgYRkmXTN2DYP3Y9HiCCdmUTKEFTExKoNuuBspzUU2F6AsDEfMv2XWm+S/fbNmVBXEgQoYynY/fn0KplgS7gmAIJnapU73EEXBaBve/ZEP8bfBsG8+B3yJPynUwdvlPH3oh2HYEZ72Aqdzz5B3G3iDZYBhTianUcUhjZJGz4S+MBl0aEPVw/feIIooMdutuoo2EOBBuDuIO1NNCPas1Pkfi3bOUDr7/AMuiaMNQzsQfdnc7KITcPfW3ZMEMXJbLQC9jsMbX7dMwRDkGeNT5eH4zEwEDUGHtHyjQYJwY33g7gFzsnsbjqeIvXmqg+Hi87XLgM8DtdtXuD4mjG6I5TMKnY7HIgyv3Y2OIPT5OJ4E8XU7JxD0AZVQ4g3qaZyudtTuL07cY+Xd6gbhHFG8Nt4gwT3914GNvBwBsJ0NhGwFi4JybAgJJG3jysuI0U5jjPjAlYX4tQJUyrSsHYd/cj0mD0iMc7LGiCokJuPOgcATxK9sGIpix8wfG47e6/a/yPSmHDHc/eCeIIdxPEEEE7aHGmOzlu37I38Vnx40p4/8AzMZbODNRCJ3AM/jDt4g7+5EPcE8wwb+INug8TsdeNuz5JzvpTwR7SMeJngy3CIO43pP3PjbxBPPS+POwg77du16PQ2GJcEbsbATTxBDmagotgefGYalQrmvT4+3EOw7M8QRsnfyvxETsz8T3sohgnnYGJsO2+WoJRghzOxWxEqV92N/B38DuDfx4XqDofIbeNnxuJpk7VQNAMcXtj0kSoRsPu/M8+TApnE8thPBn4ieF3Ow7OTx286JvY9ai+0zz+3X2/iDejXALBUKCI1QMrMAlfpXGGSMtBGnQn5Hu6l0nJQQQYRPOkaI6jExo4zPMHruX6h9gfRxNBce7h+LgHZT/AM/a0BF6fEzVKysV7VEPyqiIsAMVTqajjiqsX1DqqEGqjDUbjP1eKr/6X4//AEazr+o5i6rcW1CCroQUaebzve57nKcpf2nEmBRPFkwqBGwoA48lZr4uygROLQIo1PbGJLLp8oWbmOXJ2aC4mqK/UEOpyVdYpGUMumiEnTpaKqH9xXi2AA1EcnPGpRJXBGqyt+urygReWFS8bXjsNQDG97gacpcv+tY/rqpM/TAlXK9vEk/p45/qOy+5cwLWmgySvDRwVHEHUvUD8Z+pSJkveklYbOm1FWQrFIj8iWtXtIx4aR1DKLKFYx7BUqF1BxnO0vapU4xXKz2mOXnZJIJJ48zxzX7Fy/2bnOchOQnOcjORnMzkZzMvfkYHl/0xyY6izkNOHBbKgl2QXHNHTjkmMeS8LTQUIDZY+0/pQnkf4Q2IoBJNzTFkEkkUVymo3Jj7tMkz8QzQvxl5uanxHWJe/nbmeNK05XCpE44hGf2bly5ylzlLMv8Aohv6S8uRagtLAtR6O38SRgODHK1a2oZ+TVwRmYamp7omoFCuzQmyhFlZ0dTDu5aaedKpRK+XH6aqajG12u0LZlwPgkic5yly5coGUZQhXJFG8eu5cuXLly5f9MGoH/oOVWKvKaYoajVNK5jhkK78TbGOZor7naz8T/6Ha1tnb2yxYbhLt1FRtQqwbkdT5qoJYhNNjcT4jvUttjVQR2Ij/Leyd72uWYNScgZiFLhWEfRhqga/3nNzl7VtQbc0Fn61Ir2un7ozcWWyDWmrPUVGM1dTk+mK03ctOkFxsMg9mryiqTO2JWXSjEfCTlx9OKf4+ivSDGXa5yg1TMEFfpAxnOWP2wPZdAWRzEOqQq2Tx93JRDbHGmumheNxU3giIaSql2LqAZLklvctkABt2NndhRr0B8ewxhR2v0qLjN6QagaVDufornOcpynISxLly9vAUxmML1FEQwGi5ggBYlv+f4MV45sYTlyITLCH4BbUUygUpMTssPQi3HNlTRb5fucvTe4NE52Er6znjnzXpVHJmbkSeC3xXTGeks6jYjNZuo85XoqsvmGaLmcgYMPloykRPQgslsbE3/WvYGYMPrr6QxPaWABL8oooaxtgpchQJqNza+C3Etoe/ArjRE1BQLWNgR+l+oeKanOao4NuMFh9PX0NkxX46YyBSzKaajlCyKH7Hxq4R7z8zUJuaa+w6nEXLDekGt9P+R8kZh+H1Ff3+zfFFbOmPco5RtWoLMJ5RhCYO7uN8lgNqxzF/YT5nsdHCfv3/dqVK/s8QJqMCyi2ehGcseomW0h7mYmMMLVTUvlX/MnGy+tV5MWCQGjeX7/w71QTCexWepZ2EwJ2SbiKWJYLPN+3ZRZb1j2aW/f0d/uVKlQj+sq3L5m1jZbFbN8TgRPhsNw1etBbObO4NQ/SXLl/t1CP6vL2sbN+gT5M/wAorcY7cjBD3+zqZ+tuXLly5fqKyv8AS1D/AEf/xAAnEQACAgEEAgICAgMAAAAAAAAAAQIREBIgITEwQEFQAxMiYTJCUf/aAAgBAwEBPwHcttDQ1jpUS6w/rGhoY0T4EuCX0S2re+hqyZPol2dfSpb2M+RjJLkl9eyifQ/olsWy93yTiNUV9Gtiw0KQ3ihjJPgmNfQrC3yLJPLGuSVDX0S8DvD6E+BOx4khsl9AxYRYtjJH9HwRGMlyNIaKK91Y6R3hbpxsZF80Rwx4RRRRRXsLMR7UMWGiaId7OiXYx769VZW5bZxsj2WUMaJZooooorFeysIQ9tElUiPOHh76KKKKK9NeD53T7PxvDRpJLxUUUNFFeghYWELCFtmqYmLNDgOPioooooorzIQolFFYQsM1Y/MuSIttHA0PxUUUUUV46NIlW2zUajWamI1NHfeLZrYpFlljQ5GovzUNDXg0IReK2seG+ByNfJroUrReKw0OxuWbL22WajUXuocfBQmdD6PguiLLF/JkppMdtk2qGSfI2fjlQ2KbP2M/aKZqKTHAqhrFmtn7DUN+RorasSl8C/sTt4lwhrg4FxyT7sToY3ex84vFn+vJZrZrT7GuNlehRRWNaG2Icr4G6G6G75G76G1E1WR5PnkbvDfwfG9u8XhTovkawirNPpKrES6o4if2RdDdF0uRy1Y1sc7QjpkvQWGUUUV5v8URV9k/yf8ADsk76IlckmLZFfJY/QReyihryrnlk56VxiLGdITx8ZRL07FIvc147zeL3t361lll4svxf//EACcRAAICAQMEAwEAAwEAAAAAAAABAhEQEiExAyAwQUBQURMiMmFx/9oACAECAQE/AexjYxvsbI3HdCkhHLTIu9/pby9xobLymamiD9MjPg6bsvcX0b7JMY8WXhf7CelHSas6cre4vpWOWHeHhjLL2IP2JcEdkL6NjHhjQ8PF7YXCNVERfRMf6Jez2MYxl5WEKSo6fUvkX0fJJjeZFWOJY2IiLYhu6Ix3IfRPEux7jQx4bFyR5IOiL/xI3YvoWM9Xh9kh3lMiyItyLwvoESY3Y0UPDxIeYCIt8Ig6E2J/PeG7exxh5eGSVjZF7nTIsiyAvnPHsmyOy7WxDGNE0Q5IiEKmLC+Y8Nj7UPfsaJxI8li2IpHTkhfQvnDwx8C/eyxj2ZDc2Iuy9yLL+dI47/XZWJcnTZETNRCa+f7JYeXhjGPDJqmJkeC8WQ6xHqJll/MeLLGzVeGPDQ7QjqqmQsj22amQ6gpeG+2/JZqNVmo5LFHcSKNLNDK33J6W6P5L0PpxYoRXoUYj6f4af0o0lYURCYvFZZZZZfg1jN2e9j2f+l2zYWwtkJUMiaDSUVTKxeE8UuxSLNaFNGtH9Ef0Z/RjkzUzU8JtC6rXJGakWWX3J3uxvcltsRRBUPd0VeyGaR7ISYuCKwsSWKNJpKQkhqjV20V5I9X9E7LLL7HhdP8AR/8ACqQqTFuxc4YuMrw1ihR+EpULqsXWR/RCmjUhSRTEkhlexCWEhblD2PXnrFYorz2JiK/B4X6byw8exKsUad8ryX2Ioo0lFeVMUjkbFH9wh4S7XhfATLzRRpNJp71LsTxFW8PHPeviahTLzRpJQGvjL49ikJiES6aZPp6fD//EADcQAAIBAgQFAwMCBQIHAAAAAAABERAhAhIgMUFRYGFxIjCBMlCRobEDE0BCwVJiI3By0eHw8f/aAAgBAQAGPwL+gjTvWDNh0fNE+wzD05lZBOJjENGEYuk99NtEidFRi8jFRM+OmoG+SGvmk9j5LcBCGj46bxdxCEYvNESlaBdL3pYklVwvsIfdFqeB9Ib+5iVETRkdx8ZZmJR36NuX1xqgaou6MXkxMRhGmKfglW6NvSXTlrkmjdFR9yB9hDO3R3f3EeKPwfIqON+i5enM/cariph8nYY+l9qWqmOjomJHkkhojj0bGu1Lb6oJ2sMwjFFLm3Sdi9JNrkqjo64Ri7CVJPHSPelyeFezoqW4quHQ6QWa6IjRbX5rFIEJqqpJPKjLFiehp96zT1MVztWCBkUaLP79GuKR7V6SiMW5BNHoWjYldDzSKbnHXOp1TL6piT1WIkvCJ36Gtf2N9U0Wh6ZxbIzSZuJb6iG5Z6Xc/wB3QebFsdqX96KTRUUjHExSKXIgtuSTxJXQOZ17k1t7a0ujFhRbbc5m0mbbtpjoCXtWeOiC3vNVRKJxDbPpUHkkjTP3/tSa+aWpNLnn2p0Yj+WsPyZRYUZWtM0j79Ht2IPFJj2L0+K+nhuJr+4y4fzSUJ1f3+dc89XeliWxvRJOqUbxJfcikXHHR0jdUtSqtDE6ftSV0R51xz9laWN0eFImK+Og59yKTWCPYVO5CFD2JXTV9UKr6h2vonpmNTJ4nfo2PZeldvYuT0TJdl/wXm5dWFKiNzgW9ruxt7zBHHXtK6J2L7Ct6hCw7jz/ABzHaBRMcTLh+ruO9y+/DXJY/wCk3Pqlm8EnCeRvhRaBuWi72PqTTN78i1/HQV/wf7TLlgTixfd8CMVu/Man0of8tb/oKfLM0/A86+EZ0vBbY4wiNj07TJm5nqf/AILnY9NvJeUuxibcPkLh3MT3xImxOLDJKsmbkm8yO+36mxdE4bH/ABFfmif4bzdi9vvu8llYmxc3MuFTGxH5jgeOByw8e5mZ87kJ7jxueRC8DeJW2UDyqPJEJyZcO+IXqI4kISS+ourq0G8ozSW42RCu3uxoctUhnfkbkN3orVsRiWY9GL4Z6kRg/BvBOa1J+w3/AKSFtJlwvyegWJsWJ2L/AEo9MoyokvtwQoa8Fhv+4WJ3kniLN5k2skZF9bMqlkNzRIl3Fg53Mf8AEx7bEsSwqIIdoLIyo9Nuarh7bjN9cH+lkY7qk0tf7osySHaFz5mZLfYzfxHL4IWd+r/SZUkc2fvSeNFG/wDgeWyLnAtcjbEYnMsvuREPmObxTmqZeFLc6RxdFXNG244tov7Hf7Nf+g39WLixt7jnfgPHx4DUKX/dyMUWglnAzS+RlNtjKsQjCuVzb1maYbP8s9KudzczECwxEF+JGDfjRzTNw/bTbbFeNN/at902uWw/gu7v9CP7EPHPpWxyZd7G1xzsPuZJlscIwvE48niyMTT+pFzuX4neBZj1FiBrtBli5LMK53p6dPcwv377fc/V8iWFQ2X+WNYCGRwNzJg/Jlcyf+3G/wBTNZ/4HixcvwIbZOKmFmbEN7YB4uRBKpfTGmGpORz9mPu+bErmZ2Hg/WmbGZrf9h2nCWsMzOyR6bL9zyQSc00YbXL/AAYZ5DkV4gxKb8C+1Xy0dixYfQs4lfgRiFP/ANMTZlWxCPNPXtJC25Iy8j07EIngPLwOyJ+DKQzJsKbFrYv3LrVCsuiVInMohKw5ojxTuSzaypL2Hl4iwow5Nty+/OrnfgZTJjuPCujfBbejl3iw+Y52El+DsuRnMLUfJuRyL0b27kYaPNv7C8k0hdEWIgSL8CcTsekbZY7KsvncvTFV+whj6J3ktsjDBlw/JC2p5LlxNDciy3Lu9IVW9cIy4PyT0V6WTsjNh3dkPmPvXPx5VhEYPzR6IW2vvi6M7EbISw7IejDXFqffWkzx0ZBZR7Uwl7qxc/8Alh//xAAqEAEAAgICAgEDBAIDAQAAAAABABEhMUFREGFxQFCBIJGhsTDBYNHh8P/aAAgBAQABPyHR+gIVtmWDBLggWhFxbtn9xWZ/Mo7zE64mXDAstKrcL0mWFj4GomztMGXUqKquZkEHoQ49T+pDa8P9x4PcYF8Msm/wvEofmZUe48Jwf8E34MsC/SVm1qbcs/lEtmoe5cB+Y5y6lSm2XvzDDO463qNOoFrGr0zLviF1gtxUQjeJdfJcCkdzmSuEo4ln88LU9TBSl1Gcf8ACfEMbi2+eIYMQXLKo8XcS27xD5XMcmPmdFIHcMqdEE0QCVbym8dRtWZsjpMqnjEqDV69RfyVOCl06gpDq5wo/cBF+8zIX1Er1Uyb7eOfvx4It+ReeDwZKIYxzHLCIHuWs43D5m8TPmIFBEC0mDGYCQC3LGDEdZ/Mux4jv9ie/QzH4S9p+ZgO1GWaVUhQjTLP70qEZDniP/AXMevIRcUTAWE+JcysxfxLmtTLOpSKsp3BT1G34hSlhYTBcVyn82Zk7isJgU4TF/cHyiVWOSL/cQcjsqO50NRm1zNiGlgkx4wGd/fjGfHEPPqcxZ+IV45zDcJ25nsj5lnMuyR5lBekPl+JQXp/Urim5SqpneJT4ooOq7gzW5mU0o7iqjRB/3PRuPG6Coe34jl++nlz40fMIuKIeDw7hA1g/ec6RGmW01AFBFZ2GIK+JS7vc+Ql8zu/Mqs42TlUsuXU2O5suGLHpN34GZH2f3DB7Ig/IQejjA8xFa9MpV+Vxaf4+/E58EM+NEcHnEup7QQMUsVyg44fEsZNTStmHNTjv1LbMkwUzCzUcONTJDJUAojpR5aYm0wL+MzVPmVTM0M+YCmfsBfAtVeCWIRYC7wITQw2SvvvM58moTcyZo8HuWXguJMBMuCo8nEtvI9Qepc0SvAMZ3ANnEcah2hqoYgtWQYDNfNDa/mYlusTMU0y9vB/uDOtWTDQ0D4jS1ZyxM1cyqmqwRVS7WI6ep1r8xw/ezfnbF8ncysqpxlmDiY6mA/uIrcVczB1eWGcPuWQ1TGhTObNSy/TEpuCy5tXEM0mP3S1eql1e1QH8WGQrMDGLntJlNbGbXQZghYL3mY2NOSaM4vZb4c197Fs58ajA8eoVtubgP2SMOY81B/aYP2JbicA/vNQbOyYFkzya5lU+mN1BqVyTBt5iFJTuK7vcC84iYUtZ8Qkx95k2nKoNL6n5iaW9zP2mc0/fdfOHgm2Phr78XPU+APGG5mYzjmW/HEKWKQTqFfEqjESrLg2MJQbL7ico2qPriYUStTkjx3qVYzCNu5iHxI7ptQ89OMR0G8YjyPR6mgZiWmhdzFSHz974hq3xxOT4PzTmMdPgRcyzqL7zNs3l5m0C2DlmKsYG7gjdBbldKZbmbTdObiiX8SyyDyUaMaJ01Fg9zJpo/wCooB7ln9MyleeY6im+YFjycT2bsitvw/euCPUPDgEMW78N26jlhiGriUe4KZY5blTAlT+EupNcNECMF3P5hMub0SttKTIE5mBEqA6dwUYOs3nasQfl/wBS+u/7iwofxYtHtuZB3na5X8SuIDliVK+9OPBqbamUOI4hMMedL6hlHPkEEpgiMu0VdsWuU5CDZGhLyVDPy4nEP2rJo8IZhLl4v7uP/Qghrh3O5WViUMhOCXmV/wCePX3naE4nbyG526jucQW+IQuAXa+BV8zNzf4mQstcYtsJ9EIMvAxPEowXZN/2SnlJWWZ/jKYSpqfmJd+kqyg2FfMZ6U1vkxWvayG6Tf8AcTkMfvWzDx/b9DgX5zf2zJm19Tmo4m1xyyQczbP7MxzOcRba6iDr2w/iSUrpmDfDLFGIMli0XUqCC06QKUMIcs+A6+aboaxlhSVo3B2zLFIX1FZpvU/8DMFn5Oo/eeY+NiO/G0VvjbU4CH+JgBDRcrMMTmHl+ZqucDqYSCBXL5iFowGpndBp8Bihghx0NyxguHf0QluswCg2xiOptX4hu7fiar4tYBQDO4SIWV6hQYaddzAMwfvJ42nbOJc184zaCrivwzGkM3iUlP7SK/pLpzAWoaG2WWOJWPcyI18z2Sr5S94l9eycgvqWjVcTPnmftEpkLrHhKi/UJmdy/g5+IihW4UtvpLKUtqpaTl7Jy/yM0lCuIY+9ePHE6IvEJv8AHgjgLiDo5YhdncsssC54ldhiupjB/YQrayq4ELNcQ7EW2GHxv/tF7iFtmpRV04goepYQn55gD/7Ut8Ecl6MwDLTCdIjmSjRFVh0YqK1fxMP4TAKFAdxKqFDZ397H6OM28HlL+Hh7ievAnUAXz4iqP6i/thAHtlqLFom0HHzLrNleoHmGMzNiPqZYjrUc0N3Bv6iP5y+LgL4J/Rw2wVI4N4hC5u/mIAbSPt7x8Sjm3dy5zocQ6OWC0cJWzU7OpWfvDDU4868O0LvdEdM8x4J35fxPaaX0XLn5jgr8mYZcRgE34GM/tL7n7MPTCXito7FwcyysOC5qeprYNO7iK08wEGEFbapv5lFYFtXiM8Pg/uYh/mGkl39wwzd76jv9dfcjy5nWECuN/MbaZVh+Rqc3DCcEdnywcfyxA1AgiHMe3UrMUJg1ZAeGHBuZEeoFPcwhlkAyZU+REsPcK4c0y3YXbHgAYdryNZlVh73HdmnEwDjKu9x/BDaTi5lXf7ybj4yhyy5XBti1BpqKOThnLLzMPeOcfBLqnKbZj3TeMAe0SCiM2XUYGfzLrE6TBJQXL07mr1LHymh9zV8QckGJLnxh+6G2/lnaDlqN7QXrEq4MTOGdWY6mB+HjI6ZPvPc58coRUr+Zhb1N3HNBrwF/lhkR6G3wM6QCqKREep6Rc8rFbKlhjcyVFmX3Bsr3Beolbio23L/uO4GGHQ3Mhf4Nzp859QCrvfaXxcrxM2YcjG3s58CGS/Ph5IKR9A/Zzc48m0wfwhNfOaHg8wfxD52k5jqHiL8rBbD/ACmW9UQm3uMkURWrLz3Aq3MzFA9JavlLKOpXnAzjmJVrU3+cS/aFMG6V2ZsLGh6juD4ZZ9dsDetWRnKWTKviHi58OQfvB81dEWca8H3ojlhrwba4Mssg6jsIMzMPiZHTBMr9S1ibV0T5xzFhmBcpjfEaU9wMQ86mOO49vEzT1K1Xc+BNTBzTeYMjk5iyvjIilt6zPQHU41qczmHN+DT9348Pg49nwcx8R3HATYmoO/Da5yiUE4xqYI5TOdHi4bOCZh6ZqVZbDNTFBnYnKGIagTl8Ti7joo4mD7gXg+44ZCssbUo/hBHL0lcM2jub+MPBz9FUqV9j5juCK4JiMf0hlm0Fv8S7V6nEIMATaGLe44e2YV0IdpgoLFfMAL+IGhyxMLRLChMY9Q4Y6l4msvP4hAHMfWbwDCXl08vcaJkVTSq7JWzYPMvGdkWbOZb3BszK8bfP0VealfYTxr5+COCTjwIfyM0CMHjdmUajiO5NL4mACDJHBXPMyZ3MOPHCFRDTqZPUFMTniDA6ZzpzFolcIFhRKDbAOLIjEfTTFVrXghv6pX15BbFnx/FF4GCC6IqY7hvwaTBPcwtnNMlhsHxMqw3Og2zLmcswSrtMQrLLQI/6hzHa9QDyKMOMyoga/E/ImPgmkpwzLGWs58BslSvp6819Xx5EMfLw6jDCZlbwJzO2cSLlMG+NPzP4JpBpxLqQhgucDfPhxiCqZmEDMug3FabS5L6QpDeX8S+rKz2RNzuV34GOmU+FSpX1dfUPj/XgLlw78DSaBNBKvuOhySqaYbgxHSaTUbEcH4hu06nXuZVOYQ6BcFq7ltxlxoQ4hvCA5plQ0w2uWXuO3w5zCMY+ElRo+HUfrK+n9+fJhpYbg2DHcKSivEdlAJqLgpAs9wClq5vUSCo4blA2l/eYM8SmnUSgk6QTgeoYTlYbCGfQi0OJg9mJzkqIFty3fECctzbErwBWGXL35ssL6cVNicxfxZ6ijhj4qO4mPBm5cYktiv6yvpOkdB4zVeCvsnJmcAcxLZoObxUOdt1bUtqj/cg+q10f+Qo4ul2xKUcX/UTlmF12iciapWIitLWxEqafxEfiC3Gh8Q5mAsZdLYVixtvaZGDmWNpPEvqlyVqEcLHUrju2qZqIqrNXFhNLqLkqgOeZihTtzBFirutQMldFRFOONQQWyLiXGtdyx3zKvUZgz4jTDKwMslQPD9Yn0JuOWGgY7lK1bekQFQnttjZoHZxLUCS32zEwyVwIuxhmmbSwq7lLmMGx8Q3ZdB7WJtNPxqFPBBwui4KZfcxJ0uZFmwTgXt1Adr1LhSyWtRWxvcWYfzxDcj1D/cKqpcxQWtXY/aPEtztP5XHcur8nUM6tyXuHWkG8xxwnD6mRjrDOAOJY7O7uYlUYOD/Ajq4My/D0hsJ3I0XXPKU9zuNUXeT3DLTmC2wVmD7lbzPErs56grXi4KJCasYGH6WXL/y+wl/qr6DSxo4/0IU0gNwpYG9HMXOszyAGjhgi4QK2e4TwI/A6J0qGnSI6uS1yupkpms+o1G1tORYBkqWDBoQqAyZPEMZBg4R0lf3S7rsorAblOJuALxbFvvv2Sga621NAGEXkTCpuYDsJ1M/rpl+7hl4ZUCZsMoAvbUVvEyRoC91uVdJRoilW9HsSwVg5IU2UcdQyvTHaS1/PhWCG0jCGge5WWj/43CuKuz/uOKy+nModsJihbfmVi0z1MlsR+f0XBlwYQRcPDH9CCAvPie7wezzCjdz2xbt8W9wPnwAOn9Nf5tDmCiVXcr0igwVMnU3g67ZSlCrb7livufcXgBzUTk+X/uJy2s8wXc0i3pRvmCarRn5iMbprqHEDSnUBQzXma6qyjKXaBXEQ/wCxQmb3D7lY6DjvqNZaA3jUCtxc7B8EA3Dse5SwZHy9Tno0VKKVnPLLlIhTEHKXaysaLuoKzbMFWzC3MxTaKjNooCrY/aC7hkl6HiCbRe5iYwda6mfdFm+GWX5DkmcTHc4XG4GYG2k1K83Lgw8HhJR5G6LeZdv0Dm8wR19Ck1Jor/UUSLPlFmipweJh3rMblp4CUoaLfUvDdspq8t5UrrEzZFeC2uokq0H5ZWhln4i/X5jlmLTJuHbAjo4iHlRJeJutqIogyWwRFkbqVOI3bbL2x2fMyfvriflu+4wXWOo19qLNN6lABWMmW5S2dr1FTSlmag9jrqXLghVjR2TJGrwMuClFM3KaiXnMPLJJYUSrsmpH2GIZYmMmCEu/4/WL+injfAzcNx+gRYgRd/59MHVoJRbfC4KKC5wQOEUmNVPmU6TD/wBBD2XiDTlWjiJLJZRqFWIvc5iDLq4uDF8agVrt67hgdPS5jS+35gVyHfE+b3BjZcsn9x3Eu7gVUUtxrwbr4h2LLeNvqMQDn6uXDXSUabYmkZ16lLlRqKguQnL3esRpnyHwqcxUv+YgBFUbIleWpZa1LlwgYRROycqB2PzC6HqKbIp4T/Bcvy/St8IH+YNcA7qN6eq1uDYmwRUF4LeYAUOGC2jcKcy4brWC7ZX0HE4JtjELOLxCssxMjzTo6l2lescRel1iA14gyItl8zW+cQP5CTEGlrmjX/bB3aW5+w1MyHfEB7yzA7vBEp+RCUOzruYIdniybYSs/pvtymTN1UvFfo7eRlw9M5CWwcGE0BfSb4/jxVE+xCgOSDc/4+0Hdv6I1w0vRCgyi0Ya9G4u11gOPc5BZzKVD0zFAXFI5YqnR/cEvLcNZrsRS6Nq/iL2l3/4Sr3dsIg7JgQtMnxBPbzdSgQLrX5lXtQEdGuJbOdLYVhxNKfmZcyht07npDgi+DKEt1xBus/oTAD3Ax5f7kBQQHJ5EQz44lS1CCkuJTuceFi3cyyQx8Cn9NfWiNMFzKysIe6U7lO5TuXOWc1cG639y9UX7aiMP2xUOrNuDuG3sfWktQdDAsP2pQ3SjL3L16Q8EpV03PygmCZzCdrBM9yrFmtRg3kW/cvsFj5iX9qEC3imWbi+U1L6g7XKjyaR+E3nmKu4LV8EQjPTw+LOWhlYZcAqMMEKNX/kMssYI583NPKwqLI78OXg/RUT7JaRN2Z36SyJnY3BFBq7qKB54OpRaGLmQOP2lltvrcsvXxEMj4uY0m01ArbzS7l8WPbcRRtZ+J1+pCk+Q9S9G8FzSUIwhgV3KpTFSm6OPmFNyRbRU6rhE6YYsp3z+gGvQXHfwnwNS/dB8fTWlyiWONwV4PB4qMJK+w1LLklkmx18RSVddylhJ13CQtb9z/bwB4g+8DKcxbuOupShPwhQcqzl8ijuPNcZmOBb95j89OqJaJYmeIpLd0xIH9yLnwrDe6A5sd8kXFq88kN0IcnP6FklDjTnxX1RiL4PBAiSokqMVK+ruXL8cGvaclHz6gbK5hCoaEtBc6j2Y23OYA9IqNpRcGlrevU0BUZ4RqFH4l8OCEL4LYR16hDcNMWGtKfcsaYAo0wx7/Q7si34+ThHbQMwWolDcpy/QVj6AYMPNSpUqMVKlSvqiA1HDMTcrNVBrHzEuj3i3EL9oSoZNPBLmXiIg+ARAN/7oq5jQo0nMLnNAo4BtlE0YlirXi2Byf4Cte7gWitzibqYByt/YRCX5qVKiSpUryP0mv0EpmPZ6gI6g9ztGC3FnKMgomDqWaZZpLpUFdmzQcxD+kI0iQWmRx3DYzb1zBbQrdToS7pgHvZ849FfrYtzCFL7nXh+YLKP+P2C4MGXL/XUqVKjElfRX+l9TdVHbE5FjOUMsKk5SoAtbeFSJFq1WflAlqGjU/8AhhB/3VuXd2WRvm/KVERfA/Wsh6vR+jW+T7FcIGDL8X+th8dEfpdxaG2NAoPcWsWdf9xWO2JRTnk8/wAaYB2Z8Kq+jzzOzyxBX6xawsxtUYB1+ixBWtfY78DxXLly5fi/0IZXH6TRXAwLKHUEDTv9FLyzJH4JS1a8IrOdkCl6p4VI/wCKGpQXlnPz+m4nX2a/1kXLly458DFfUn0/H2sYMuXLgy/CDEQU/Q//2gAMAwEAAgADAAAAEC4cka6xt1aqxeNMTUp8/wAEJLDzzzgAIIM3vf12gAAAIJ//ALzDBCJ7roXd8xjDAl2up0CpJeJCCCaw88uCCBBX/wD/AHCAIAJ97/30EMJh2zKU51p/KIQ2gUidguh0EACILLzy4YBFH/f2kAARf/32mMIIBYXHw4J2yhPMGfIb9Hp+z9sEMIIZzz74AAHN/wBIACC//wDfeQwwiL2w/wCFl2ZqA9aL+gv/AFMDJpLCBAA0++4ADX/tIAASG9/9pNCAAAvW0JC2UGP0cItsUqU1fXI/BDDAI8+6wADD95QAGSv/APddYwAiAO5uhsleJ9vhY7Xsj4/Q5lYmQQxkvLFhgEQ/4jAAEP7/AEkEEIAICGbhlxOTu6cWDTXKZGINv11MEEMLzzwIIGX/APAAAE//APQQQQgggkjRRAZoMLDoxRtCz/ikObjwQwwD3uLFAg1ff6gBJv8A+UEEAAIoDQ9sI+rVI4WBrE05v4BY4J7t/D/7j77SAMP/ANPCCU8/jBBBACCEDUQg2DmTSiDH5vBba8+k0FjKQQ+9/UaAAT/9ACG89vDDBAAQS0Wh7v8AWG9MvHj+H5AW3FWPv/sfNnPu1LAwEf8AmABbv32MMIABB5x2U/HYiNc02RyTMN4manYIe7N9UlEJRCEsH2+AJZ3WGMIAA557y3zA0nChZtI+mZT0g/jnSbBWXULv71gmcKr3+wBP2kEIAB777zxMvFoRfkbkunV2EeXI5RZ2Z86q2ALUChdCVkccAf8ApDCAQ+888yedss1lxtPT+vjJtAmdJlopOUtXPVbAZVgo4ZfLx/lDAie8++iG+8AQ4/8A7eHUAy8om4CRX/ftiQtRohNh/ERwqi5riXwwBvPPlqDqlWKG7GU8c/nf6vB/MTZB1ipikwMhl6MvOU3rXMoMwRYPPuEAgqhQJbCH/wApwpVEKRWZEXJk76EsjgP3ftjfmhDAGBBVdPsvQwAMOtLpCws9i39yCUhBChofDweKaS/xJ+0qzLu1AAAAIBLN00n0ocGImBGAJwnrQJKuS8gFPrKA9kbQdUA1cdkFWkBSywwwgIDQy3OHpttJX2//AP5nxIrmBPAAAAxFRAQS3q6Bih9BFAAc84w88OCAw5s/yZXhVb5N25x2C3qRAAAAACpQscYCJms3GugrLCw88MI84CCQnAzHf4SLX6XgAAbyLAAAAAwQhw088MCxzegIBfzJmK8488obgpPtI8BSj+nQXAAPgAoCACAgAKA4o088sACCpGIADLZoo4wg84cqAUCwCwpiApCCIQqICjCCCCoECC488k8sMIAITg7YZj+vAE88Y8WA/8QAJBEBAQEBAAIBBQADAQEAAAAAAQARIRAxQSAwQFFhUHGBkaH/2gAIAQMBAT8QgjkbGwQgIILA8NeMvqf7ApBjJNP8CP3H7iC5chDkMEE+/H6LTseaWewwxu2zv+AOw7CD5iDfHUMevPueXsIFHTIYMiRPz3oiIeXxBzwEJH8jx87HSF3Ee5L3z1b6/cEfz15F65fyDYMIdhghdjz/ACyyBqtpVLjTdEu/nfoj3H7hvY7yU9EcLjrEN/uxDJB2y52RQX6X3MMv6/O/sWfF/COQg7LB4IPuP2e5N7yyjdRhHIdmAtjj5hrpMPZPzX3Zb83tDrcG3rwxgREPm7MfiwxJ9Xs2Otsx9WRMTz8075OEo95b2PcdZsu+iz77Ize2FFxa3UX8y5Ycbh/qB7PzThES+I/MGGsvoC20dIY5+43dfMYggdvaB7YA7fHLEyYzLPyfmeR7HW5oxvtHgPOxDGT6kEsS1ozqx+STk4qXRjPgY+DLLLfxB2fccIZ2euXxfFuT6yH7uPLtpGduqPdh2f1d4Ye0MY/NkkllkkxPxPTwHq67fN7Z5BrL3C4JzbY5azJbBOGBv9mjpMO/uHbOWczyMY+BJiZ+Ger5n9RwiFuviO7J4XzHuCLD4Ds7Ok49ZH5ssssssmMY1rUz8L32Os/qPV/IiOXuZB4LS6bfHPYWcsp4ySyyyyyzwY+C+NPv8Hivh/fIe728C/sO9k22LB0ujslkhjfUhJZZ4yyySSYxjWtcfcOzelpkztiBGI5twXpE+XHrxhqaPJct85s1IEEizzk2WSTGMa1X2g5DWM+4Y4csh/sGuzj3YPZYPdj4nRkhq9v3pCsD0SRyCOwti5sN8jYPLLYl+jfDPjJJJJmsp9gDwdHIE9zxhbvCD4yxOWm5Y9WPVoMRqxMb9nZHECMBjthvXL9Nz5K4ys6RSmxJyScS/iXatWvnb3PgJn1GZh7uPBp1svZjmmcdZOsdba0/VgLYCIB92eNlx6kWwKzDA+YKNe7SR8+AvxL4ZiGGeoC1a2VbeZP2Bk3wNT6PXb476uuLUXZ9E6nu5AtB8Wp2Q9SO3qX4e5/L/wAt2yqb8XYbD0Z4wH3MLLfaiPTY+mC5DeLO54yXdPBP2tknU3UjYuSkz3E/4SLHzFg/+Q9QLXxPg9IDfZZ6bjqdI2kXYNcgDFvp9Ox7l8BHhuIHUfsiUgSid/A221sld9DdA/MZudZXvyZF34tzBF4t3OTPC4r7hqEnAhj9hM+oWJRdSZ8Svu5Z0XsmX4XHP/ccAem6PgWgjrKgXv8AR8j1Y3b3z7C79eyIFu+OT4Bnn159GWOD/UwinbIZZy3LPbJvjQweRrku4ejw9N/BEQ2G222WwbD7a33b4Mcl121mRPfo9WzfL+Hq1FYsqIO/Z//EACIRAQEBAQADAAIDAQEBAAAAAAEAESEQMUFAUSAwYXFQkf/aAAgBAgEBPxAtvcmWNsO5PknqVHGW1ezhhe7f9s2/uR0LSHYQiH/wmdunuCl9WXZJ0Qyi3TtkQ+SbCOM9QAlYy9I/AI/AW45bKBOfbL1DZXvtndY+JdRnwy6nxtT9zJ+3q9Ifyz+TJszvlkq9gp/2Wdg5cMuaR6MjQ2Gj7Nn+pcJaeD+4/DWXb2Ockw8Ay9uw/LDD8gYI9TcD92ADPXLh/FP7V8uDUma9z3U9cPAXr47t9n7h5DcgNZjxjLe2/wDgb9sw2TXblBnIMn3L7J6YiP38CdSTuTEQS+I3fok5jDH5p6tmXJ4T1wn3PgayD1HY27x+WGJPi6F7VkM92qlFv5r46fB4v2s5t6TwhtuuER33Gb2emXMt3/lyi30LbpB2X8T8lZebddvlbMJPs6t7bKTwOOQu4/YzhHu3J2wQno9/X6vtbW238veRPmS4SZxw4T/txyTs+oTsOTiwS0x4N99WRj/2IupLC+7bbDbbbDb+Ko9SzXhexPufcGse2yOWnxO3bYJbeez2wIzTRnzIdl8thttthiPwjwvlthrcmW823CPcuEOK3SNzl/242nq024hCDSYY+pBj7J8hhhhtt8HgY/D+y4R3s9i8lei/WXpDdnyfUsagJCRptwRAYBoueRNhtthttthhtt/BZOYTxHeze5mfd6u/ZebJPHJ9S6bvl6LORzMhhhhthtthhtthttt/u+T3/jwy9L/Jb0n1enhr5LIdNgJewsnSSw6thkh7vQMHYg2222w2w2wwwww+D+B/J5H27Z5P2Wk0sfZYU9wu0L22fczfoSHxHTnhnkchQbJ9gYbbbYYbbfDYbbYg2/zzwvZISvk8sJQ8tOJBo3sWjgy142g5IstHxACgXfS+NelGSncl3uWcnMauY/UFo8a8bD52223wye2IQhB/ntceTX/lw3cywMR1wR+51h6kIHy4YHWHaybDTG0ufqAt6chLs4P9n9bpbLNduPSA+wHryOQTzYe7X7sfs/KdueBf2D+3+kq+70jc7q9JEKQfJ4wYcncE+Y2ue5FjeonQ9UTQ+yDodYGE41sAWbVPsfY87BaYEZklsQCf0SpOiBDsNnhFnzn89hzpOcp9EQhBjxjgGzu892+tIc+p5D3cj2x6PyONbH1BeF8pNghhc8ZHPfjPGQNks/b9N0cf4b/ai5G9zPfI/bftR+6R6baEiv8A2CQLqWkGcgNWCrRwun+TnpBk8gV1s7/Ue5Cdg/cos8Nln9ux1CwGXE5kgHfd7rt/wLmZ8hsG2KgsXe+MxjR6lw2HSWn9govkQGfCxc+Gf1Dkn7m9W6z5EOH2+/8A8ThrDPd1bwsOz6/gvhY+r0/v2wgMNh5UTWJn8gzEnNjJwhJ0MLUXwNSLNdk8Z3yuGw+/h7kIggtsF1dSZIOP8zwFh5SOWG7/ADGGfjjLfwLbD7urJ1/Mc8f/xAAqEAEAAgIBAwIGAwEBAQAAAAABABEhMUFRYXEQgSAwQJGhscHR8OFQ8f/aAAgBAQABPxC8fLubb9bN4CDtTRFCg6EKHATOo47xTI4zoSgLS4sb11hWjXV0gxoKXNIvu3AoJEMMSozxDhueJUTBNRaantKlL6orSFyLIiGh28Rw+x7IA1gmGZ0HfGqipUy9duZdLwB1qI5hK8D+50kBH7V/MD5Q9pYmcD81Mrv8sitMcn6IgHOJX5liTdqUACuX8T+b4z6Pn1v4d/U+/wAC37s7QLwQx3Y4LfYlqzCjM5koruma7Ruge7UDW+LEG2R7uICt331A35dXHfKu0UKi15jfb15lVR3HSAapqskE4ooSaBMX2HtANZtqnpFIBHobJQl3rpMoWdW8RHLeXceYXgEC/fxLAgzE5psftKGNK+ymAoSbXtYuqNfmU0vAOMkOAxeUQQZEsbCALrrceK7P7l4fPv5K+jOPhPoufmvoKa0gBcJDWCBjMqqavbGulzzOEX0uJYFzt6wEcFByk0jZzMmC2Mw0U/QTPD90XubyIAUsOL3DLFZF/iEC+WqliLjqTHVSC9zCJ1uhmHkHMbzyuE5hrrXZ6nDFFbBElgOa8xIIVcdKcf7zBAHZLd6iWxo/pCL8Efpi5rFX9olF4UgBNBqpxAKVCy8mGrIaaHh/E4CJSN/Dz9Fx8i/rxbcXiDl0SxDGYdWWFQFCjn2iZGuYqUynMts1DRho78zBd/sQVy94ljLxepVqwvR3KMJX8xGDdcSpOzrzGFZcFQU26old10hIbdyyU5HmJ1XwElG5bniZlyK7nENSWszHCrEy8O6iqC20feLRqo8Fg/i4RIMGg6S5LakaL5+0f3/2nShomAAKCddI8+Kw4nP0/EPqH14+WuaOIWwqw94cvpc5wSzQNzwEx5gXP5hrbzEGAg0Fy/iVkdRWqLz1mAOT3ILQLklTCvQiKhrmUBlXiXKOP37xUFU5htDEIlb6Masq4e8QVOjD1iVMOkTX2Y8yqMMsXTCj7xA3RR7Sw1Ar5ZnDxNZ4ZVe6D3YwOclfaOeCjgUlh7kB/Etgm0jNC1KdnENBa/Ea40+mPgJz9Kf+AYJieXEG7Y4BArDYGpvN7iWGgbjbS6IOgaggWZMIu+mZxsb64hYLd5YaXcCl1jsyl5dxEobNv2mTHRdRpXZqBiUXrowsNneGuJNB1gNngNSwTFvWfKA03NTvzKwGxFiEpkovqLL3OdxLXyi/IxMeLxqPlAV67Iqry5vB/wDYoVifZqbbkV4f8uGMyCl1wZju3w/iKKqTPvARcBt7iKxnHz+YfCTj4cy5x6V9E/LCxcEDRHMaO8DyfpDnxPMHL1gXBEgVvEp71eo+GajazM/medCAvIOC2U2S3Ur6rWYaZGKYNVMiuy0BwMow2CteIY0u3vKachxBMC9yBZZdpboQHxUYmDtcIsWsfcjgOVHaWBbpHWNlaL2pBxKAl6Z/qKCASie9yzbCTmDn7EIDSoOjMgC19ouqlVm6CMW3f0fH1XHz+YK3zEbDx6Ci4FeItPeVg5q2KnqkFgZhRBzF0Ap6dJS8FezFz3hNTYsawJiHlv0YXAClaARnSx6QVwCYKg5Y0yuPEwFgfiX7FuJ2OkGLwQLCee8qz1smAu5Ny/5Co11gLl6ymEQpenE5xefu/wASwrbezcoJaI0XmYGJVH1X/wCy5Xu+b/5CCzaK7oRsnaNDwn+ZqGuDeM37yyVbbddztHl8HM5+M+hPoD4OfmWJAxFyYGIuKhr8ptbBtnlitlUHO5xKW8PMLQiebmIF8oXEIuhmtRPMp1yMGurcsZCvs8R1HEt6scluttXNyp31K8y+TUSg93WPgcVll8kV3GSGKab9odDnp2lDatMwKCxT7opCNhY95Q6CjRxZBWLAwiRXJ/MrRUvH3fxEDBbArvGw1osCaRbUNwo6DpqUCyC7X/rjXvjZ6VFD+9mFY+O/lcfTcfL4+TnDO0DBKBDmXDE/BA6pYDALrlmC1i9JZ4opu9QU0AlULdXFhVR9iLqhYIlnAKwf9iy5jyqKqC06NwuAGdMpNZpiYNf6doWKW+vExzJKUbOepM+oKlFYKYBmk4a10iVLiz2YnBL0eiVAIwyBlFifdmQNuUQJV1Y/3eGEN4+2v3G0rpaqfEeV2KpdDog6ddw7feX+4kenKXoOnYV6X6HrXpz9bXyuPU+PMsL0GWNOOpVtTSj3mHoLA4cbgC1Y4iotccEwAVMIrd7gV7RMD5lOtPzCxQDlyxZWxbt2xbRcGFxLDQ33OYZKVRWO1z2lxsWkowo6GdBjmJilhs7QpkybjN5Sg7xQgVAczthkHRJdGUWPhuUCxbr3hCF0oU4tjIXwbOxuJQoPCNofxKhwhb7rUBauX2LjbA0r7E2Vsgj+P4JZLV3u+OsQCKIosSlOkMifG/R5+h4h6V80bzmMczXmDHlhwl5m9ENqpYS+hf8AEXFfeVNjTLMYYwBD9zDezG1veUawMqAwGhp0JVjcA5VuAo14biFXfhKGpvrLMEPAQC3mTM4Lxo6gDwbJTavGPMrh6GIrcjMzdBUrs3/cAjXD9oq0qy/xMkXFfzEW8InPH9wULQL+YQtKJ9syxcTgsOsZRMXqs/uBKZApR3Z/uKRizWJ9goc1EAFvQ8HVjgE8Ar14h9BxD53P0HPwPwLdnlgBaJ1eWOPZMToRc4gyO5fiDdmBAOWLFc8+YZfMtbdcQFUXUCYSjFck2N3BeHEUo41AgNnWEAviAYSjfeJBTsJZVv0c4nEqB1lB5aE6xtFJsfxCqFhjBYwi5RHJG6vrLHqZ9mWNmA6jHRMLb7TaJBR1gDphMYkVUy0d0lHSn/X8Q/eLbaes6+ovn7S7NHgPcg5tSz7SyWLaYTa/k6+Hj5hr6bn5VWEehogyRtz1mAc5YCi63MpBaHVhkTiEywLzqXut6INdHcwxQty+I1k3z/UEHmG1N6lapc8syaIyTXL2mg2IqDAImS5ccvy7yiBH/wBsEUnBVQLcjh6kHVM7mC+KPM7Ljynai/6/mXK+LxF2X4QgM0m1xgC0sE6CV94NfiVWbDb+45DCi61GBd8RrItW9X9L+Zdqmb3qbVL5DEtGbHScxebo5yxEcnxn0FfPJz87j4MBXSoQZd5oHiKwNGCLXtweJwJjaeJweN+YaahvsTC0xp5hoVxdrFdVof0ReNdpdGDLghkje5dhwd4ZS39pZKOQHiU18REVxd9kNADtfSW+QcdI4BBWKbziYhrjxEKKbbR6TOrBdw1gAS6/2IG3p/MY4AObr2hLPUPxDKnYF9BlzyLd4m6FuOOM1A6Qs8RANBcK4JXVA7tfv95gQjK20S1isLklg1Y5gzlg2W+Lj5PHwvwn0nPzMadPQ4B94KVcFwLfMdg6SmXBOb4fnibIFFdrqOZnMqw0QAYz+5RdN6JuE9IK8AtrEugqr8S8i2xqB0Lbi9AiVnbMkqKxalSdpQuUoaxCoKePM6kYL2l/Wsd4GxKstBgGtldYo7FjKBndpbRDBR2GbjeLMtiBlRcBK0WXGRrH7hgdjg6mIVGIDVvX9QRpauXdckFo8gaq+k4rZofdCOA3Zc2PRM+fQ+hfgz/4KtoMF+Y95rPl+IVR1hlvrN4IKyp2kXGMDOCpkG9Qc71gLDWEsoHzUoKAOsws4zqHkCsNbNUXmAod6hz5/AR5LAEu8kYy61KrgGoaKZwczEIhwyprTSxsKnKnTpDNApvywl1lfjNRutr+SDvUtbXSKE5XguWrsmCt5iQOXL4ubO3QXrL2AgQ34lZscDd+YYotlq5uY2Bg3vEYzAX1Kf8ALitLXhHDBAVF0m1BTOPgx8n2+Dicf+Bv4nPlNgjla6wYXTMXCPBAaqABX3n7iGcvtKpPiOjQJl7RViTay4e5Zs6gQnPMX3SxNBl4NS4SpcvlzLNYtLZW6lvMMCNhlqWms34Q0roCOjnrXDDwAMdWAeJmOixMeInP3kdrgv2I1Ti0l/1hy4gg09q6wymtIPZMxF71n/PzASTBYIalKR23BBNot91GnXhHmv8AEI200e8ROsI6lHWDCXp21l6n/IMDDn5XPwefl8/XnKvEvrzMr9My9/glYx4Gj8wKL2oswXlNTusHmCUHHKKDYBaxfEFytEpg28WTDCjJ1F74r4iNK76kKg5Q8BAe0y3N2rgm2KYCBY24JaMZWUhd4faUXTBhoqp1ep0MahSjS4JOQa0GvJHSbEG/zG9TYZliGh8xaIZLBmRE0/EQrXMbgXBplLslYkMrN+IpFFsA0HVYLY+VF1xqHUgb1D7jBJoeP9RYYQtdxuRxAWJqG3HyOfi38R8Z6+/yD6IwCXmGIS6fLCUGiG3y1HVOipzDQsFfQLrqxW43I0ExZs2MexEexZY66C6IDBbZeCOoUeJyN3wSxej8jA1H7EBvvxhDwZUlUKAZrtEVEBZbBVQnXP6iAJBMDqR7bF5ekOPfURB1VJcuq4znT+/+xnE6RdwYubKRZfjEJ4hh7Sr3DNfmXF21XV0faWhgEMA9AijRaA2OmKLEqXo6EQSAFHO+18xjgErBfeBShuuqdTvAunJAlSpUplSpTKlSrlfHx8nj0PqiOCHMMsWrnWEu2jLFa8w3DTwP4gtSxw5gvvUOiOg+Wcq9DuDwY0DRDsDZgVLNAtYiGzd6IsK1eIgfeNfwl2LTGEJbjEsn7nMtYY/JKDlUSguap7xlrovntLodvshuShkd4iDuLiGuUZEKtoRKWqi14qMA9cumX+5hvZxsHr+ZmJk0wD2ra6Lj+JQzQ9/7grJWBrNuT+u0bYzYk2/aNLwza/DCbHI1w8y6ONr17wvBL5HMaIlelSpUqVKiVK6SpUqVM/Tn0Tzj0NWNs2kdXN/ej+4594Qy0fmIRtw6/wDyX9Z/Amw8QqqB1H+biqK3bvrORjKO7qIbVqxEWW/dgKeByzOW3LcXo0BNGyioaHVFEHiRdJ4xF3g4Y6yI10hsue/iLxd1NQEyKLvEsg6gPRlS9noYL8SaAirnxHdYbnL0e2YDluJ+z7yugQ4CsFOAUth58sJ3oK2UdHSWDM4oP4Zi1iKfZh3ds79fePMlnJKLdfm4gTI8ypUr0qVGKlSvSokrEqvk7+M+pcsGu7FvzDAysDoRUHRlhu1wEuewHV0lQvLnsEdXAjyXYdO8203WDuw3nUYhX1vbiOuG68R0mMCGL/qCFt5CdhXjPEC6Z6ztplqDbugwTJ2uM54JuQEzg6xrOEJsCySwHCIAbPzD7TmWAK1f3iscuRfBpahhmt3XMVUzGDVd4LQtC805r7xYCMg2cU7lPd2rdd5UWcTqcwMIU4UtmHkKm+sreFhSJZcxcA5JquNvnn0r4qlSu0qV6J6Pwv8A4mrsRWx4INnWNXvN+rN2JSasAl6eL/BMT2p1ZdXYvMeTguFdDiIi9b7FbYBm2y9YWOcbh1NFICgbTHvEzZWKJgAtcaCUPzLgVgl0AZUAAZYChctywB0XN23AqGMH3jT3hClijNuIAvaYWmbTZ8K/g/uDSHdlO7UiYIrYWzaolBGqjrzGYmysYqVKnXfo2fadB33+0aue6yd4Sn2Kg2Etw2wgTlLHj/jA47Q9W/6vhqV8B6VKlRIjH/x+YYF0IdU23ObtAqVtcTqPt9+k9pYlO7FVf7jFoNS9HBmIO9Uwxo1KF3AvTtGynapanNzVHAH3mki7ekCsq0sPloLcEWo1FstaHCzcMEzLexEgN89oib1NbpbQTriwROSmcC5iKuDDcMW3glEEvHLiVAbtK5Op/ES60hxfFtRakWyMlCnXAHVtlBRw5IzBbu4D+4t4TtdP7gIbKf2gz3qJses8VoQbp6blYtDnxMsWDh9a9KlR+CpXokSCJ9Hf0eYi15MNQmHejsZnXnM1XMfvp5lbfEBd9CPC9pUj0V7sVvZdp1hSnpL0OWaxziC6bRPbEYL53BAXLL0OkwF1srqGQt1RIDiuIobMB3ljSy7goL7GIhfWXLzZTzLg1VVsQsa768xbEVLkaZEDyxGbGsoI2zCwYuuIJrUii7bWBuFWB0b/ABiLXtNAGPEVdQthqGckhSyu6Pb9TFKelspPaIs6xtXAxVXhxKRDw0ystz2nT7SpUplSpWZUqVKlSokqJEiRJXpXwc/XaL2mh4nDCWAOVhtNGCDFdWUEdG4sj5m9eWZoOVuCK0MExFUUHSD7moBB5ZVbpmN4GAe8AKdB1YatwKuMJgLddolowUTG9cUILU9Q5lrAUYGVBTHeBTh3ijXLAhI0riUnxv8AUZz46zOjZ1gsppZ7wYLFW5gFc1fEbMbUdHiLxEb37fqEgDZbghLC3IfliwtaG+0OQsbt0eGAF7ro6dpSMMwE8WYHBLglH2mRdMkCHpUqVKlRKlSokqVEiSokqV/4XMMecdzACC16EX+iidZYToS5D1zNgcQUu0F3TZ1X4itvSEs7FszT0RNdVTpKP6g3XRqPmmSYB1YfvyZ/gR0+NEdN9gstZYOs0A5iDeNscUtSrM3u0f3LUHadClsbW74UGKRPEwYiVgKi9sQJUG3dvxKolFGaYktZrIaqEZhHLMCARyeIq8VLx1lrUTPTcWhdqpylAjpwxKQ8PqfDVypXaVKxKiSokSMPZFSvnY+j7QzCvslx0vfiZTg1BdEshwY8wyl4Qe5MgS9OCEh6wJodWOm8sPYcsyr3LmDnuHiAMQdP/sTis5ZngK2ywYOErRd7dpr+YUXQ16wADRGwdQ9mwlrHNEEm9x33AzTOVOJwXMyBV06jdoFTBHNkv0H3S1wdY5IgbviwHc7RBbYFOwcfsgLZOSImgBbRzOUX3iqC5pZk/U5snP0XD0PXfrUrHpUqVKlSowkSPoJKlfTY+M1NoZZq6/pOr6PeNsHPqw88QWF1liz/AOGV1RZlQ4xBroQtL5YbqdP8QVBqXQaNS5ljNwjpzc2hdZ95qMpsd+JW7Kk4QC7jtuu/2iWeUAh2J1oiszsM3EpeLSxtlHjcupcKqElwAfiKV4LhHtm6/uBKm71GES0aO8L9KMPcmILmrZaVJZhIJIsNwDGCOSby5hEMIYiWHpiU+h8NSvSu0qVKldpUrMqVElRInaMVUSV9Jz8fE0ZQHWXV6E7QDZ1ky61/3M4d4vszzWUg0T8BDt0zAqvEwHpmdyKoqdiDLpFmS6sw6oRiHUwdcQu9gtiN4BayzUY1qgZd0Y7xdAvuxaFVjzNLYdQmnpH6Yt8uy/iBrQMU1HINKIlZ5z1g3utPaBpbunQ527kyqJhiBRdYe8HIMaj2jnzGyNfqVB31zMHuejwlSmZ9KmvSvSpUSVElSokqJKlRPQkr0JK+dz8p1K+6Gi+uCLavVm1wUnLz4iu+8cgj46s/ESZCjlXqzArzKsHVg29Io94FdFuUd4h8dUaoOVmCdUzKzrKCmu2WDwKuXa+SOgVgMz3ho7w1OJflARx4mLyIKRymCEU11jt3SRwEY0wagBQsbUFp/mOm8tiHSKuA8OJbdhT1lyw9SUQGKb2RDdMylyehkvCI7L8RW0+My1y0Vz6Mr1NV6BKlSpXo+viV2iRCVKiSpUqMJnHpX0vAm6IYWtCXiXANuIhx0YIr90NHpmZdjMbTgUSqVpvUIzZkx1jWxN5ILT0lDXV/qXA5qajvFr+8V9jMVfnKWE8SxoaG5nA5TQrC37QFV4JeFCFfWWAFZYlSKO5L3k5hh7VANsLDVnjEZDZnTDmuYbgUKvi4qZgcPMLYJ51FQIeYtImIKU5MkGfM2lErpDE7SkgOksKZ7ErwiBlw9SEIfCyvgr0fRnHokSJGE+K/knxcwx4ag0nrHUxOjg94sriGx5l4IelplERCA/cAYfRtvmXGiBdjj74gMSWXb9DsyyMBRcca5iiX1TIO1QGsDWePMorZGRKzAIB3mKgtgJT9o0ogUvVeIPcZhXQw48wA5kWvSKVsSAeJURVAcwYAVrRdICqArOJkRmsxgf8Aajo5wTuIRFZgEA5PMqbYCgcMoba7QoNOyUoXAfqDdrjMoc66dprRZzCrin2gLkIuSg5gNVHvj3zKIaxKWdBAjiXBl49Lly5fwcRjGPx1Eieivo8A93oHJKoA9WFlp3mdiEd5R7S3sDhP+I9ZA7SYvv8A1K4zdG1vXt/cApFadzx2lAYmDqx3R/mYcgBaKuaDwFQ2Gfc6fhEjRAarpxAHYrFUnFwLEEEbdf4lpxMD5RQQuwaj4WRqpnDdflLC8AtxHC7YSSTL4h0bDVtH3nCIqBtzcu4KrtoxmdSiRnRywCzNNZHXG/3E1mJxXycFQaCtCKHWzDmPxNkG2u0EuAaAZ7XHhfAQrzVYJfBK22QZq6zcGSHkUuSt9pf/AFsNFXf3lZiirVxVBETrNDribTZMZgnUrggQuEFmRiBoXXIxbBeCWKKSEF8wSAWVsqooMIMuXHEuXLly4uIsuX6L6X6cfDUSdD6E3lqLL1Y3b0xbR7wxa9AbWWOpsAHF9pRQgZsDluFlDAc8VvXtE3jdXadB3gwoyOrpdDZiNcDQldKvjMbCtbYVhsd8xGO8BuxWusylFd8WOr4IjouwNu+OK7xDRzqzmhrEJgKugxfKd+I1QzV4G8MYU66JkZD3mHaJLgO4PaUNdgFuNgaJZ0V0KD3dCMfCrSK+65eETbiqnHZuWwKUEzTn2mQitAKVgDivvA/ixWqdV5/qEghccp1rg2TjpqDqbqBjdbs2XhjssMpbvhthVCyelcB1zEza0xXzp6MSkJfLw9fMdyhU4rceajxfLS78HXvKTetoN43iEAbeVZxxEjy1A/uUzimtfmErItWvaRCtjTJrZmcICysDzBtJB9pnltm2Cl3eUnVhXmajHN1iGrThucYS3iDOZ1TAbZ1oEsYD6Cx61GKvUGXLiy8RZcuX6cRaMtEbq/NAOs+nHpUSMJXz8MKzleJYlVWp+yIIJsF57vBDFIqyA6GeJgHkW3QF1iVELx0AbXxcqIHat3uiUllKgAPsMxto5zG+e7RDBUGF8AREGK19DqwjtrYNOMFccwIAMIVK/XMWpzi3Z3hxiojYOa6Qvl7TW+sUCYiq01f3zxA3FCbN5543EZSWOuqvdQtdo3euF613hVywauorMQ/QHArOu8usaDZSvNe8EvACS0KzvA57yudjFvU6cRPfajVtmcfeASoYHR1L8rGZqLWaKa3aYWXlhqAyOaDg1EC0WjeK5Tp3gAqqWCcqFUJXnmGsVsjo2PE26ACqYCBDRcCv3LqF641LlAmbH751pBzQ3BYxpGoUtYtrT3jYs3OUp7eUIlIlhv2QKE6qLYXP2mKMZXm3tULTalaD4jhLwLWnkiKEDbeZQcWlpFlw9KdDF6wecQOGAihUZUVxUgy6gFqfeWwE7xv3+IXVntELQV5lr+Er5/EAG6ZkBfadh9puxlwLSPedceYK4V4mrH4EuMJXzSp2C0Cvd51qGQCxBonTmFAHhWi673uXZyUkao5vcd+roOBo2sseMB1cDFATlWAwGrlm47whrtqtvr75gNYnLwd5jaDUyc29pfiKhXHbNtMJOQ0X1j4iK1Af1uPtZG1qu2Usx0t7EtK+0SrUqxQ4Gv8AcRga0pZkcXq6maoGR6j9SxYYFKVq3+5jDxEB9jvMAKCplrThlIkWHuwDZ2P4hhrAUhZwX0rMDvhmLwdGI4A4FgDVTRETa1jivEuyKB2155zDacWzivEYxegNwu0RqSzTqt3Cdx1uCMgfGWUxVqbMmJgCIOTnz4lATbOKt0jq2rUFn6gjANI3JR4uWvVFUDLUaFFjmysyoqcgXb/ErtNVtHUYOWG0DTGz5FWT9egKxaDKVxmI4Ikol3GXCkJ7sQwQLII7mBu4NTpImrlLg+jnUKu1y2yJL9b+UKNjMJigoob9WJcSn4L9ePhZIXHoD+TM0gVhV/iauICosZfz9oIZRTyfbpCkzHinQxqGBZSml2lGNJxy9XsSosCyysrqFFxo3TjgmYAqHAwfVtLBiGGhhf5nl/iNk+oEbit86ji7Fjxej+2MhuaNOniUy+Ey20Yq83cCX6x5OMF7M1N6Cma4aZTCQ32xRKkamlPQO0EJxQDwq/tAuMqLyKGaqVdpFVVAXxB6oNFlxxzxdQRtKLMWAkstwsUaJlwi01dYz7M70HnMVSvADTp5uUICHUI2Xit0oHEbAUY5hRIUgGVq1ZnFZLGukve4LmM2ylN69pbKjSmzrE5inpC7uH1guFgWQHqQkGOK4jre2DiUElmzpFZVfZuCD6sLtdZmbiegy6ILmXqrg7hTn0acy1gDi43EW3fPoPNSseuIny7A6jDCntAARsfVCJ8skL8UUPQ/2YVAGlCk/irjaYahQ6h5i4AlQo9AOkEFZzpO8KbVEpF9nXU3V2DN9L5ckH7Ldz699SjWXWd0OIAFbnbV94jcI00eY6WOTjTode0FDYrEb7t4htU2ObNBcGeItxe3gr+Jj/aCuOGq4l1AslKVrW4RspkOM5o6IzqnXXB2KlQS6rQF77xMgKLf5hv8SgVgCcDqEqBrPIc1xDKlDQ3fH5lZpFVvp/P6gmycKoFfzzKndxYLq7zX494ZixdPMQ4dIKF0riNIDZe5SQbc2aO3oQoEHTGACiyqbK8blNjaW8OSJsS5fMIFIqzdHSWJeZJ0GWYhlipGGoNdT1Ju3HTSJXR3lY+GMJkIhKplmSJn0uXMelstAcxS4PSL0JuPT4PMx8zBmehhW6ej8CRIlfIqy2bJop0fjMbF6QVLcoQMak8o5YgGBYAVefEHxJgwvHmHwH00cCVi4Q67TWm0NVAq2c4hWXfn+Lj3IaDZReQs7y74XANC66R4Ccb6M+5hALeiMDof3GYDkyd8HvGFXAS80c/uFUCFlq2qvioAVPQKoCqqWDV3wLAhBils7/8AIhgADNZ5XCkBmtUOPtcBotSRce0rGdMNNXC1tLLzDKKBRpTeY7rWw3RyTPE3Qaf+I8YBs6uSH4gBVtqcO5frcKB/AqBJVke2vxFJ4GfQZcsiNRnM6kwcMcRSp0bhNLMEYCiWW8pRi2tdRHGyCm6OH059alel+uOPQlRr0v55icjZ3i9h4hOB7+nn0SU/EoMAojONZPvBDpMm+81K/CNpge2OKIDZBMwOTxKUWwIgurvHXquDrBQYYsKD/kAtt7MW9PELspRnXU/mIQ1401b+iOgwxa3t4MQ3jTJn2ee0odLAX7B3zAqL3Wdc4hqIAi3VZ/LGzKkL+6OYUK1AwdIP2z2MNLDK0MNmy67V+I9mw4ezzNHBBktRgoTbXWBCrHAvcLFtt5vcsEwb8Il1AYDQRGi9EIbxq2riboq8wFTgWhwR9LhAL6Bk94gBc7X/AKRE4UaHv6WwyrwwWlYuAcszAu49miKnzVLKoCe8LEEgxmKYxKOVymoyhhywLJhrHnDCVAlXGKfq7iWQ94XQZeZG48IxW1PMs4QXhOy+87aAdMULolHm+OhCBmJRabaexCKfkMTWQrDEzmmuF3CLFg8g58HeUIgaDOjeNZInLgGseaxHHGVtrVY2vXri3Hl/glRKMDwETCqh2RtfZlzfYYarlYjLYEcuYYFSwdQTqijgP7gELFTupWKgCOncoXrfSHCMs2ZsU4iN2qwpyZ/mA6gj1pd/xHZWpoaQ4uJ0ICgMj8+0tq+3aA2yKsoRYUbqui9fTb0F2utC6qDAawXaHLEhUrVdR4hBWiqunyRqFU3LhpGIXARKt36iCojGs+gtwlTZOoEqOBvBEtlqjB1jubVEYMAY4yuV9ZcIPqESGgpLzyC3p0rpLojGywDpPearCHDl1loRko7d+kRNhssX/RDaitrdHYHdiS5Y0eUlg7Vlc3BZyC4YFUQNUFahGAau04HFecfuVZ17eXa4RjQKzbn3mdvZqnQdHvGtQMscq/7BKNpurb1+I2zUErKJj3h7gHJMsQcFYvrCxFastlOXzF6UG3Vd5V7eRoxx3ivoElRgoYo8iO30dy0KIVbalY6G6cvV9EVm4wJlA9XePf5Yo2Rbz8VQYogxIKYpyx31I2qrkMseizKuCBZG3HoUxivqrlwYelXqWYHWYKVMEDFwQndf5ja1WLLF6riJRWHO1d2B1cK7U8EoLc7roehK4VQL94FKZT6e0/uBE4YDwOKiIBejh5Z0vMFfvM1AxRrgfnEqvRobV8wpk0Cg5Z/BFcMxbYOU7xSZRtsbzGasEBtXS+1Rwvu98OjGLDnWMS+8GkBDkDlPtFlDYRGjoyq4Mb9liL43X93puIyspfU6whdQGdeigFMOsxcfMJWfRPgv0uLj1SrJYeog7Tt+i4ek9voPoJX1OYUloQaheEQOTiumdwqhY3inh0zEu4wHkY7E6ILbZ9pyKJQzm5v2C3iv78RkVDtlq5t2H7jhNUCwHAMVYyouP7MbgnpSbus7lgLU3smp3s035ZiA7g/fiAroGANEApDLbCzAHWIcq6Ow9YOGhigALBi3vMtMel+i2m0TPcqIs+jq0OA85gnWFgMGYo7GMuRoOvT0v5wLXv5l+p6BReidI5SnoS8ToRXqqJX1FxQVUTAtaOsHQLQtsrHHtuXgAVjTRq4BZkvK+3vGCCptwTWe1Q4Fx2X4D+YbIyKv7hnNAAiKjMHo8oPdDAcEe2iwbO8ZQ2FuUhaW7vcwbkC2PYViDjD/ANmSNsQipyEf3/EvFfGUY009MwVSpO9+JfCf4OZRN2njj+fnjTFJVQL+bcMwuKKyEOZWY4Qw9a9s8fUb7IhkiV84TmIVZElSp1QLmPQXLKA2A1/1Ahw2Ni91xGMVbbiszAY5jnH+4l6tgXHcz9tcRqNFBnnglcg2laukTiavwJgg0ubMMEEMBztAjSqYfYgkzIuD0hS4ECxrf8Etco2XX0IaLox98fHtkK8RaCvRS9jtCBVeNISnDcsqFADHj6+4U9EOsIBBzLlkuYlXKenniPZBiZownzbZfpeYYVDJOfQalUEhbM95QkNj8Sv13jLyx9Cig9+VgYLQNMti7wNkUtcIseR2iKrttYaMGIQ2a8qGnLETquBUux0I1qt2wNNgu/8Ar9RPNt6HWWmwx37vxEsdzSNhv7xfQlNIss+P/BuEdyDe4PWFpfoGXLuGOYShYCRoqqi+EFfQXL9SW3nYnEW9q93vK4aEuHVqdMUYR1VeDXobjwuWzbur1MSoyU59ESqULPMfRKguQxzEr0PnBSpkzeIufiSCgDFbhz4fAwpcNXktP/hiII5nUh3zzgIQQReIRdMGYdkI1LuNQfRV6KVCw2cxKKnAbh5QGnuRz6hawZl45bQaCKnqwe3o9pQUhYkoQKDLX59EE4YAQavHyWVjSQhEwA5Bh+/wiMcdIW9P/FFg4KEndDvgEgIeltCRTMuLIoxRv54/KSNjSR3n4n5JLxXxGV/5QpEiXBVLy0RgoNmZsCOHEDB9D//Z)
Stromboli está em erupção há milhares de anos, quase continuamente. Crédito: vladimirat/Shutterstock
Uma série inesperada de erupções em Stromboli pode ser devido a mudanças no "encanamento" interno do vulcão.
Mudanças na camada que separa os reservatórios do vulcão estão permitindo que o magma mais profundo suba mais rapidamente, o que pode desencadear explosões violentas e imprevisíveis.
Um vulcão que entrou em erupção quase constantemente por milhares de anos pode estar se tornando mais errático.
O vulcão Stromboli, que fica em uma ilha da costa da Sicília, na Itália, fascina os cientistas há séculos e é um dos vulcões mais pesquisados ??e monitorados do mundo.
No entanto, uma série de erupções e explosões violentas conhecidas como paroxismos em 2019 pegou todos de surpresa. Novas pesquisas sugerem que o sistema de “encanamento” interno do vulcão pode ter mudado, permitindo que o magma das profundezas suba à superfície com mais facilidade.
A Dra. Chiara Maria Petrone, especialista em vulcões do Museu e principal autora de um novo estudo detalhando essas mudanças, diz: "O rejuvenescimento dos caminhos do magma de Stromboli tem implicações claras para o monitoramento do vulcão.
"Precisamos desenvolver um sistema de monitoramento petrológico de alta frequência para nos dizer o que está acontecendo mais fundo no vulcão, não apenas o que está acontecendo na superfície."
Os resultados do estudo foram publicados na revista Nature Communications .
Erupções estrombolianas
Stromboli é um vulcão basáltico, que é um dos tipos mais comuns na Terra. Esses vulcões geralmente entram em erupção efusivamente, o que significa que o gás pode escapar facilmente da câmara de magma para que o magma escape à medida que a lava flui.
Stromboli, no entanto, é diferente de outros vulcões basálticos. Dá nome a um estilo de erupção caracterizado por rajadas curtas e explosivas que geram plumas que podem atingir centenas de metros no ar e ocorrem com relativa regularidade.
Eles são causados ??por bolhas de gás estourando em uma profundidade rasa no magma, que joga o magma para fora do vulcão e cria uma fonte de lava.
Às vezes, podem ocorrer erupções mais violentas. Grandes explosões são erupções que tendem a ser uma versão mais intensa de uma erupção estromboliana e ocorrem quatro a cinco vezes por ano em Stromboli.
Os paroxismos, por sua vez, são explosões maiores que duram um curto período de tempo e são muito menos frequentes. Os paroxismos de Stromboli também podem estar associados a fluxos piroclásticos de gases quentes e detritos, e também a tsunamis, se eles causarem a queda de muitas rochas da montanha e no mar.
Em 2019, no entanto, houve uma combinação incomum de uma grande explosão seguida de dois paroxismos no espaço de dois meses que ninguém havia previsto.
“A atividade em 2019 foi muito inesperada”, diz Chiara. "Todos os sinais de monitoramento sugeriram que Stromboli estava mais animado do que o normal, mas permaneceu dentro dos níveis esperados."
"Mesmo após a grande explosão, nenhum dos parâmetros estava realmente anormal e, portanto, os dois paroxismos não foram detectados até pouco antes de acontecerem."
Após o primeiro paroxismo, Chiara solicitou financiamento de pesquisa urgente para investigar o que estava acontecendo em Stromboli e explicar por que esses eventos estavam ocorrendo.
Como Stromboli está mudando?
Embora os paroxismos duplos não sejam inéditos, eles são muito incomuns. Para descobrir o que poderia ser responsável, Chiara e seus colegas pesquisadores analisaram minerais conhecidos como piroxênios.
Eles compararam a composição e a textura das amostras retiradas das erupções anteriores de Stromboli em 2003 a 2017, bem como as das erupções de 2019. Ao examinar como esses minerais diferiam, eles puderam obter uma visão do funcionamento interno do vulcão.
"Existem duas maneiras principais de desencadear os paroxismos", explica Chiara. “Existe um modelo de baixo para cima, onde o magma do reservatório mais profundo dispara para o reservatório raso sem que ocorra qualquer mistura química, o que pode causar um paroxismo”.
"O outro modelo é um modelo de cima para baixo, com lava drenando para fora do reservatório raso descomprimindo a câmara superior. A redução resultante na pressão permite que o magma mais profundo suba rapidamente sem se misturar com o sistema raso."
Embora se pensasse anteriormente que o fluxo de lava era um sinal de um próximo paroxismo, os pesquisadores descobriram que os paroxismos Stromboli de 2019 foram impulsionados pela chegada de magma do reservatório profundo.
Começou a chegar ao sistema nos meses que antecederam os paroxismos, aumentando no mês anterior ao primeiro e continuando até o segundo.
Chiara e seus coautores atribuíram isso a mudanças na massa de cristal do vulcão, que se forma a partir da cristalização parcial do magma.
"Sabemos que existe um mingau bem desenvolvido em Stromboli", diz Chiara. “Em paroxismos anteriores, descobrimos que alguns dos minerais dessa camada foram carregados para a superfície à medida que o magma mais profundo passava por ela e entrava no sistema mais raso”.
"No entanto, esse não foi o caso em 2019. Achamos que provavelmente há uma ligação mais direta entre os reservatórios mais profundos e mais rasos causados ??pelo magma que permeia o mingau de cristal mais completamente, permitindo que o magma suba com mais frequência. Isso pode explicar o porquê a atividade do vulcão tornou-se mais variável."
A equipe pediu que a análise de rochas recém-erupcionadas seja acelerada, para que os pesquisadores possam entender melhor como os vulcões mudaram ao longo do tempo.
"Havia registros de múltiplos paroxismos no passado de Stromboli, mas simplesmente não sabíamos disso na época", diz Chiara. “Precisamos conhecer melhor o desenvolvimento do seu sistema vulcânico, pois saber como se comportou no passado permite-nos interpretar melhor o presente”.
Mais informações: Chiara Maria Petrone et al, A recarga de magma e o rejuvenescimento do mingau impulsionam a atividade paroxística no vulcão Stromboli, Nature Communications (2022). DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35405-z
Informações do jornal: Nature Communications