Arqueólogos da Oregon State University descobriram pontos de projéteis em Idaho que são milhares de anos mais antigos do que qualquer outro encontrado anteriormente nas Américas, ajudando a preencher a história de como os primeiros humanos...
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)
Pontos de projéteis de pedra descobertos enterrados dentro e fora dos recursos do poço no local da balsa de Cooper, Área B. Crédito: Loren Davis
Arqueólogos da Oregon State University descobriram pontos de projéteis em Idaho que são milhares de anos mais antigos do que qualquer outro encontrado anteriormente nas Américas, ajudando a preencher a história de como os primeiros humanos criaram e usaram armas de pedra.
As 13 pontas de projéteis completas e fragmentadas, afiadas como lâminas e variando de meia polegada a 2 polegadas de comprimento, são de aproximadamente 15.700 anos atrás, de acordo com a datação por carbono-14. Isso é cerca de 3.000 anos mais velho que os pontos canelados de Clovis encontrados em toda a América do Norte e 2.300 anos mais velho que os pontos encontrados anteriormente no mesmo local da Cooper's Ferry ao longo do rio Salmon, na atual Idaho.
Os resultados foram publicados hoje na revista Science Advances .
“Do ponto de vista científico, essas descobertas acrescentam detalhes muito importantes sobre como é o registro arqueológico dos primeiros povos das Américas”, disse Loren Davis, professor de antropologia da OSU e chefe do grupo que encontrou os pontos. "Uma coisa é dizer: 'Achamos que as pessoas estiveram aqui nas Américas há 16.000 anos'; outra coisa é medir isso encontrando artefatos bem feitos que eles deixaram para trás."
Anteriormente, Davis e outros pesquisadores que trabalhavam no local de Cooper's Ferry haviam encontrado lascas simples e pedaços de ossos que indicavam a presença humana há cerca de 16.000 anos. Mas a descoberta de pontos de projéteis revela novos insights sobre a maneira como os primeiros americanos expressavam pensamentos complexos por meio da tecnologia naquela época, disse Davis.
O local do rio Salmon, onde os pontos foram encontrados, fica na terra tradicional de Nez Perce, conhecida pela tribo como a antiga vila de Nipéhe. A terra é atualmente mantida em propriedade pública pelo Bureau of Land Management federal.
Os pontos são reveladores não apenas em sua idade, mas em sua semelhança com pontos de projéteis encontrados em Hokkaido, no Japão, datados de 16.000 a 20.000 anos atrás, disse Davis. A presença deles em Idaho acrescenta mais detalhes à hipótese de que existem conexões genéticas e culturais iniciais entre os povos da era do gelo do nordeste da Ásia e da América do Norte.
"Os primeiros povos da América do Norte possuíam conhecimento cultural que usaram para sobreviver e prosperar ao longo do tempo. Parte desse conhecimento pode ser visto na maneira como as pessoas faziam ferramentas de pedra , como as pontas de projéteis encontradas no local da balsa de Cooper", disse Davis. . “Ao comparar esses pontos com outros sites da mesma idade e mais antigos, podemos inferir as extensões espaciais das redes sociais onde esse conhecimento tecnológico foi compartilhado entre os povos”.
Essas pontas de projéteis delgadas são caracterizadas por duas extremidades distintas, uma afiada e outra com haste, bem como uma forma chanfrada simétrica se vista de frente. Eles provavelmente estavam presos a dardos, em vez de flechas ou lanças e, apesar do tamanho pequeno, eram armas mortais, disse Davis.
“Existe uma suposição de que as primeiras pontas de projéteis tinham que ser grandes para matar animais grandes; no entanto, pontas de projéteis menores montadas em dardos penetram profundamente e causam danos internos tremendos”, disse ele. "Você pode caçar qualquer animal que conhecemos com armas como essas."
Essas descobertas contribuem para a imagem emergente da vida humana primitiva no noroeste do Pacífico, disse Davis. "Encontrar um local onde as pessoas fizeram poços e armazenou pontos de projéteis completos e quebrados há quase 16.000 anos nos fornece detalhes valiosos sobre a vida dos primeiros habitantes de nossa região."
Os poços recém-descobertos fazem parte do registro maior de Cooper's Ferry, onde Davis e seus colegas relataram anteriormente uma fogueira de 14.200 anos e uma área de processamento de alimentos contendo os restos de um cavalo extinto. Ao todo, eles encontraram e mapearam mais de 65.000 itens, registrando suas localizações ao milímetro para documentação precisa.
As pontas de projéteis foram descobertas ao longo de vários verões entre 2012 e 2017, com o trabalho apoiado por uma parceria realizada entre a OSU e o BLM. Todo o trabalho de escavação foi concluído e o local agora está coberto. O BLM instalou painéis interpretativos e um quiosque no local para a descrição da obra.
Davis estuda o local de Cooper's Ferry desde a década de 1990, quando era arqueólogo do BLM. Agora, ele faz parceria com o BLM para trazer alunos de graduação e pós-graduação da OSU para trabalhar no local no verão. A equipe também trabalha em estreita colaboração com a tribo Nez Perce para fornecer oportunidades de campo para os jovens tribais e para comunicar todas as descobertas.
Mais informações: Loren Davis, Dating of a Large Tool Assemblage at the Cooper's Ferry Site (Idaho, EUA) Datado ~ 15.785 cal BP Extends Age of Stemmed Points in the Americas, Science Advances (2022). DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ade1248 . www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.ade1248
Informações da revista: Science Advances