Pesquisadores descobrem que a película de sabão nas bolhas é mais fria que o ar ao seu redor
Uma equipe de pesquisadores da Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, descobriu que o filme que compõe as bolhas de sabão comuns é mais frio que o ar circundante. Em seu artigo publicado na revista Physical Review Letters , o grupo descreve...
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)
Fotografia de um filme de sabão pendurado em um quadro constituído por uma sonda de termopar. O raio da película de sabão nesta figura é R = 6 mm. Crédito: Cartas de Revisão Física (2022). DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.129.268001
Uma equipe de pesquisadores da Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, descobriu que o filme que compõe as bolhas de sabão comuns é mais frio que o ar circundante. Em seu artigo publicado na revista Physical Review Letters , o grupo descreve experimentos que realizaram com bolhas de sabão.
As bolhas existem em uma ampla variedade de ambientes, de copos de cerveja a roupas e lava-louças a cristas nas ondas. Eles existem até mesmo em ambientes minúsculos, como no espaço entre os dentes humanos. Muitas pesquisas têm sido feitas com bolhas , muitas delas focadas em controlá-las durante processos industriais . Mas ainda há mais a ser aprendido, aparentemente, já que os pesquisadores em Orsay descobriram recentemente algo novo sobre eles – seus filmes são mais frios do que o ar que os cerca.
Como acontece com muitas descobertas científicas, os pesquisadores não se propuseram a fazer tal descoberta; eles estavam estudando a estabilidade das bolhas e, ao fazê-lo, usaram equipamentos que lhes permitiram medir a temperatura do filme da bolha, descobrindo que era mais frio que o ar ambiente para todas as bolhas que testaram.
Em seu trabalho, os pesquisadores criaram bolhas usando detergente comum , água e glicerol. Depois de descobrir uma diferença de temperatura, a equipe redirecionou seus esforços para aprender mais. Eles tentaram mudar a temperatura do ar, o nível de umidade e também as proporções dos ingredientes usados ??para fazer as bolhas. Eles descobriram que eram capazes de fazer bolhas até 8 graus Celsius mais frias do que o ar ao seu redor. Eles também descobriram que alterar a quantidade de glicerol afetava a temperatura das bolhas resultantes – mais disso produzia temperaturas mais altas.
Os pesquisadores sugerem que os filmes mais frios podem ser o resultado da evaporação à medida que as bolhas se formam. Eles observaram também que, à medida que as bolhas persistiam, seus filmes ficavam lentamente mais quentes, eventualmente igualando a temperatura do ar ambiente. Eles sugerem que as grandes diferenças de temperatura encontradas em algumas bolhas podem ter um impacto na estabilidade das bolhas e concluem que é necessário mais trabalho para descobrir por que os filmes são mais frios e se isso pode ser um atributo útil.
Mais informações: François Boulogne et al, Measurement of the Temperature Decrease in Evaporating Soap Films, Physical Review Letters (2022). DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.129.268001 . No Arxiv: arxiv.org/abs/2212.07104
Informações do periódico: cartas de revisão física