Antes de qualquer conflito físico, as pessoas avaliam as características de seu oponente para determinar se a resposta tática ideal é lutar, fugir ou tentar negociar.
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Formidabilidade morfológica imaginada de protagonistas sensíveis e insensíveis à dor. O violino representa a distribuição de compostos de formidabilidade morfológica previstos padronizados de estatura, tamanho e musculatura por condição. As barras de erro representam intervalos de confiança de 95%. Os pontos circulares representam as respostas individuais dos participantes; pontos de losango representam médias para cada condição. Crédito: Evolução e Comportamento Humano (2022). DOI: 10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2022.11.003
Antes de qualquer conflito físico, as pessoas avaliam as características de seu oponente para determinar se a resposta tática ideal é lutar, fugir ou tentar negociar.
Ao longo da evolução, animais maiores e mais fortes venceram lutas com animais menores e mais fracos. Por causa disso, quando as pessoas pensam sobre as características que determinam quem vai vencer uma luta, elas resumem essas características ajustando uma imagem mental do tamanho e força de seu oponente.
De acordo com um novo estudo coliderado por Wilson Merrell, candidato a doutorado em psicologia na Universidade de Michigan, e Daniel Fessler, professor de antropologia na UCLA, como imaginamos que um oponente é afetado por uma característica psicológica do oponente - ou seja, como sensível ele é à dor.
Eles descobriram que os homens descritos como insensíveis à dor foram classificados como maiores e mais fortes do que os homens sensíveis à dor. Por permitir que as pessoas persistam por mais tempo em conflitos violentos, a insensibilidade à dor pode ser uma característica valiosa quando se trata de vencer lutas, e isso se reflete em como imaginamos um oponente , disseram os pesquisadores.
As descobertas aparecem na edição atual da Evolution and Human Behavior .
Merrell e Fessler conduziram três estudos com quase 1.000 trabalhadores de crowdsourcing online nos Estados Unidos.
No primeiro conjunto de estudos, os participantes leram sobre um homem que era altamente insensível à dor (por exemplo, alguém que não sentia dor muito forte durante eventos como receber uma injeção no médico ou dar uma topada no dedo do pé) ou altamente sensível à dor (por exemplo, alguém que sentiu uma dor excruciante durante esses mesmos eventos).
Os participantes que leram sobre o homem insensível à dor o imaginaram mais alto e mais musculoso do que os participantes que leram sobre o homem sensível à dor. Como os pesquisadores esperavam, saber que alguém é insensível à dor faz com que essa pessoa seja vista como mais imponente fisicamente.
Em um estudo final, os pesquisadores testaram se o acesso de um homem a uma ferramenta que poderia ser usada como arma afetava sua sensibilidade à dor. Os participantes viram a foto de um homem segurando um objeto que poderia ser usado para ferir alguém (como uma faca de cozinha) ou um objeto que não poderia (como uma espátula). Os homens que seguravam ferramentas perigosas eram vistos como mais insensíveis a situações dolorosas, como se cortar com papel ou bater a cabeça em um móvel, do que os homens que seguravam ferramentas inofensivas.
A pesquisa sugere que representações de características físicas como altura e musculatura também estão sujeitas a avaliações de traços psicológicos, como sensibilidade à dor.
"A percepção da sensibilidade dos outros à dor pode desempenhar um papel importante em uma variedade de interações sociais", disse Fessler. "Quando comecei a explorar esse tópico, fiquei surpreso com o fato de tão pouca pesquisa ter sido feita fora do contexto médico.
"Foi particularmente emocionante descobrir que a relação entre o quão intimidante alguém parece e sua sensibilidade à dor funciona nos dois sentidos - saber que alguém é insensível à dor faz com que pareça mais formidável e, inversamente, saber que alguém é intimidador faz com que pareça menos sensível. para dor."
Merrell disse que a relação entre avaliações de insensibilidade à dor e tamanho físico pode ter implicações para contextos sociais onde julgamentos sobre dor, tamanho e ameaça influenciam a tomada de decisão.
Por exemplo, trabalhos futuros podem explorar como os estereótipos sobre alta tolerância à dor , que são frequentemente aplicados a homens negros nos Estados Unidos, jogam com os estereótipos sobre tamanho físico e influenciam a tomada de decisões em situações de desequilíbrio de poder, como assistência médica e policiamento.
Os outros autores do estudo foram Colin Holbrook, professor associado de ciências cognitivas e da informação na Universidade da Califórnia, Merced; e Josh Ackerman, professor associado de psicologia da UM.
Mais informações: Daniel MT Fessler et al, Cuidado com o inimigo que não sente dor: associações entre formidabilidade relativa e sensibilidade à dor em três estudos online nos EUA, Evolution and Human Behavior (2022). DOI: 10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2022.11.003
Informações do jornal: Evolução e Comportamento Humano