Cérebros humanos e neandertais têm uma surpreendente qualidade 'jovem' em comum, revela nova pesquisa
Muitos acreditam que nosso cérebro particularmente grande é o que nos torna humanos – mas há mais do que isso? A forma do cérebro, bem como as formas de suas partes componentes (lóbulos) também podem ser importantes.
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)
Crânio de Neandertal. Crédito: Petr Student/Shutterstock
Muitos acreditam que nosso cérebro particularmente grande é o que nos torna humanos – mas há mais do que isso? A forma do cérebro, bem como as formas de suas partes componentes (lóbulos) também podem ser importantes.
Os resultados de um estudo que publicamos hoje na Nature Ecology & Evolution mostram que a forma como as diferentes partes do cérebro humano evoluíram nos separa de nossos parentes primatas. Em certo sentido, nossos cérebros nunca crescem. Compartilhamos essa "síndrome de Peter Pan" com apenas um outro primata - os neandertais.
Nossas descobertas fornecem informações sobre o que nos torna humanos, mas também estreitam ainda mais qualquer distinção entre nós e nossos primos extintos de sobrancelhas grossas.
Acompanhando a evolução do cérebro
Os cérebros dos mamíferos têm quatro regiões ou lobos distintos, cada um com funções específicas. O lobo frontal está associado ao raciocínio e ao pensamento abstrato, o lobo temporal à preservação da memória, o lobo occipital à visão e o lobo parietal ajuda a integrar entradas sensoriais.
Investigamos se os lobos do cérebro evoluíram independentemente uns dos outros, ou se a mudança evolutiva em qualquer um dos lobos parece estar necessariamente ligada a mudanças nos outros — isto é, evidência de que a evolução dos lobos é "integrada".
Em particular, queríamos saber como os cérebros humanos podem diferir de outros primatas a esse respeito.
Uma maneira de abordar essa questão é observar como os diferentes lóbulos mudaram ao longo do tempo entre as diferentes espécies, medindo quanta mudança de forma em cada lóbulo se correlaciona com a mudança de forma em outros.
Alternativamente, podemos medir o grau em que os lobos do cérebro são integrados entre si à medida que um animal cresce em diferentes estágios de seu ciclo de vida.
Uma mudança de forma em uma parte do cérebro em crescimento está correlacionada com a mudança em outras partes? Isso pode ser informativo porque os passos evolutivos podem muitas vezes ser retraçados através do desenvolvimento de um animal. Um exemplo comum é o breve aparecimento de fendas branquiais nos primeiros embriões humanos, refletindo o fato de que podemos rastrear nossa evolução até os peixes.
Usamos os dois métodos. Nossa primeira análise incluiu modelos cerebrais 3D de centenas de primatas vivos e fósseis (macacos e símios, bem como humanos e nossos parentes fósseis próximos). Isso nos permitiu mapear a evolução do cérebro ao longo do tempo.
Nosso outro conjunto de dados cerebrais digitais consistia em espécies vivas de macacos e humanos em diferentes estágios de crescimento, permitindo-nos mapear a integração das partes do cérebro em diferentes espécies à medida que amadurecem. Nossos modelos cerebrais foram baseados em tomografias computadorizadas de crânios. Ao preencher digitalmente as cavidades cerebrais, você pode obter uma boa aproximação da forma do cérebro.
Um resultado surpreendente
Os resultados de nossas análises nos surpreenderam. Acompanhando a mudança ao longo do tempo em dezenas de espécies de primatas, descobrimos que os humanos tinham níveis particularmente altos de integração cerebral, especialmente entre os lobos parietal e frontal.
Mas também descobrimos que não somos únicos. A integração entre esses lobos também foi alta nos neandertais.
Observar as mudanças na forma durante o crescimento revelou que em macacos, como o chimpanzé, a integração entre os lobos do cérebro é comparável à dos humanos até atingirem a adolescência.
Nesse ponto, a integração desaparece rapidamente nos macacos, mas continua até a idade adulta nos humanos.
Neandertais eram pessoas sofisticadas
Então, o que tudo isso significa? Nosso resultado sugere que o que nos distingue de outros primatas não é apenas o fato de nossos cérebros serem maiores . A evolução das diferentes partes do nosso cérebro é mais profundamente integrada e, ao contrário de qualquer outro primata vivo, mantemos isso até a vida adulta.
Uma maior capacidade de aprendizagem é tipicamente associada às fases juvenis da vida. Sugerimos que essa síndrome de Peter Pan desempenhou um papel poderoso na evolução da inteligência humana.
Há outra implicação importante. Está cada vez mais claro que os neandertais, há muito caracterizados como estúpidos brutais, eram pessoas adaptáveis, capazes e sofisticadas.
Descobertas arqueológicas continuam a fornecer suporte para o desenvolvimento de tecnologias sofisticadas, desde a mais antiga evidência conhecida de barbante até a fabricação de alcatrão . A arte rupestre neandertal mostra que eles se entregaram a pensamentos simbólicos complexos .
Nós e eles
Nossos resultados obscurecem ainda mais qualquer linha divisória entre nós e eles. Dito isso, muitos continuam convencidos de que alguma qualidade intelectual inatamente superior deu aos humanos uma vantagem competitiva, permitindo-nos levar nossos primos "inferiores" à extinção.
Existem muitas razões pelas quais um grupo de pessoas pode dominar ou mesmo erradicar outros. Os primeiros cientistas ocidentais procuraram identificar características cranianas ligadas à sua própria "inteligência maior" para explicar a dominação mundial pelos europeus. Claro, agora sabemos que a forma do crânio não teve nada a ver com isso.
Nós, humanos, podemos ter chegado perigosamente perto da extinção há 70.000 anos .
Se sim, não é porque não fomos espertos. Se tivéssemos sido extintos, talvez os descendentes dos neandertais estariam hoje coçando a cabeça, tentando descobrir como seus cérebros "superiores" lhes deram vantagem.
Mais informações: Gabriele Sansalone et al, Homo sapiens e neandertais compartilham alta integração do córtex cerebral na idade adulta, Nature Ecology & Evolution (2023). DOI: 10.1038/s41559-022-01933-6
Informações do periódico: Nature Ecology & Evolution