4% dos parasitas conhecidos podem infectar seres humanos, e a maioria realmente desempenha papanãis ecola³gicos craticos, como regular a vida selvagem que, de outra forma, poderia aumentar o tamanho da populaa§a£o e se tornar pragas.
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)
Ribeiroia ondatrae éum parasita que causa malformações nos membros anfabios. Crédito: Pieter Johnson / Universidade do Colorado em Boulder
Parasitas tem um problema de relações públicas.
Ao contra¡rio dos muitos mamaferos carisma¡ticos, peixes e pa¡ssaros que recebem nossa atenção (e nossos da³lares de conservação), os parasitas são vistos como algo para erradicar - e certamente não como proteger.
Mas apenas 4% dos parasitas conhecidos podem infectar seres humanos, e a maioria realmente desempenha papanãis ecola³gicos craticos, como regular a vida selvagem que, de outra forma, poderia aumentar o tamanho da população e se tornar pragas. Ainda, apenas cerca de 10% dos parasitas foram identificados e, como resultado, eles são deixados de fora principalmente das atividades e pesquisas de conservação.
Um grupo internacional de cientistas quer mudar isso. Cerca de uma daºzia de importantes ecologistas de parasitas, incluindo Chelsea Wood, da Universidade de Washington, publicou um artigo em 1º de agosto na revista Biological Conservation , que estabelece um ambicioso plano de conservação global para parasitas.
"Os parasitas são um grupo incrivelmente diversificado de espanãcies, mas, como sociedade, não reconhecemos essa diversidade biológica como valiosa", disse Wood, professor assistente da Escola de Ciências Aqua¡ticas e da Pesca da UW. "O objetivo deste artigo éenfatizar que estamos perdendo parasitas e as funções que eles desempenham sem nem mesmo reconhecaª-lo".
Os autores propaµem 12 metas para a próxima década que poderiam promover a conservação da biodiversidade de parasitas por meio de uma mistura de pesquisa, advocacia e gestão.
Chelsea Wood, a direita, e a equipe se preparam para coletar ca¢meras de trilha, que
foram implantadas para quantificar a biodiversidade das aves em cada lago.
Crédito: Emily Wood
"Apesar de sabermos pouco ou quase nada sobre a maioria das espanãcies de parasitas, ainda podemos tomar medidas para preservar a biodiversidade", disse Skylar Hopkins, co-lider de papel e projeto e professor assistente da Universidade Estadual da Carolina do Norte.
Talvez o objetivo mais ambicioso seja descrever metade dos parasitas do mundo nos pra³ximos 10 anos. Fornecer descrições taxona´micas permite que as espanãcies sejam nomeadas, o que éuma parte importante do processo de conservação, disseram os pesquisadores.
"Se as espanãcies não tem nome, não podemos salva¡-las", disse Colin Carlson, o outro co-lider do projeto e professor assistente da Universidade de Georgetown. "Aceitamos isso hádécadas sobre a maioria dos animais e plantas, mas os cientistas descobriram apenas uma fração de uma porcentagem de todos os parasitas do planeta. Essas são as últimas fronteiras: o mar profundo, o espaço profundo e o mundo que vive dentro de todas as espanãcies da Terra ".
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a‰ importante ressaltar que os pesquisadores enfatizam que nenhum dos parasitas que infectam seres humanos ou animais domesticados estãoincluados em seu plano de conservação. Eles dizem que esses parasitas devem ser controlados para proteger a saúde humana e animal.
O artigo faz parte de uma edição especial inteira dedicada a conservação de parasitas. Wood éo principal autor de um estudo da coleção que considera as respostas dos parasitas a smudanças ambientais provavelmente complexas e que um mundo em mudança provavelmente vera¡ surtos de alguns parasitas e uma perda total de outras espanãcies de parasitas.
"Precisamos reconhecer que havera¡ uma diversidade de respostas entre os taxa de parasitas e não considerar que cada parasita estãodiminuindo em direção a extinção ou prestes a causar um grande surto", disse Wood.
Os parasitas geralmente precisam de duas ou mais espanãcies hospedeiras para completar seu ciclo de vida. Por exemplo, alguns parasitas infectam primeiro peixes ou anfabios, mas, no final, precisam ser transmitidos a s aves para se reproduzirem e se multiplicarem. Eles garantem que isso ocorra de maneiras engenhosas, explicou Wood, manipulando frequentemente o comportamento ou mesmo a anatomia de seu primeiro hospedeiro para tornar esses peixes ou anfabios mais suscetíveis a serem comidos por pa¡ssaros. Dessa maneira, o parasita éentão transmitido a um pa¡ssaro - seu destino final.
Diante dessa dina¢mica, Wood e seus colegas queriam ver o que aconteceria com a abunda¢ncia de parasitas se os ecossistemas em que vivem mudassem. Eles projetaram um experimento em 16 lagoas na regia£o central de East Bay, na Califa³rnia. Em metade das lagoas, instalaram estruturas como casas de pa¡ssaros, poleiros flutuantes e chamarizes de pato-real, com o objetivo de atrair mais aves, alterando temporariamente o ecossistema natural e aumentando a biodiversidade nessas lagoas.
Depois de alguns anos, os pesquisadores analisaram a biodiversidade de parasitas em cada uma das 16 lagoas. O que eles encontraram foi um saco misto: algumas espanãcies de parasitas responderam ao aumento da biodiversidade das aves, diminuindo em abunda¢ncia. Mas outros parasitas realmente aumentaram em número quando a biodiversidade de pa¡ssaros aumentou. Os autores concluaram que, conforme a biodiversidade muda - devido amudanças climáticas, pressão de desenvolvimento ou outras razões -, podemos esperar respostas divergentes de parasitas, mesmo aqueles que vivem dentro do mesmo ecossistema.
Tradicionalmente, o campo da ecologia de doenças assume um de dois caminhos: que estamos caminhando para um futuro de mais doenças e surtos macia§os ou para um futuro de extinção de parasitas. Este artigo mostra que ambas as trajeta³rias estãoacontecendo simultaneamente, explicou Wood.
"Esse experimento em particular sugere que precisamos antecipar as duas trajeta³rias daqui para frente. Comea§a a resolver o conflito na literatura, mostrando que todos estãocertos - tudo estãoacontecendo", disse Wood. "O truque agora édescobrir quais caracteristicas prevera£o quais parasitas diminuira£o e quais aumentara£o em resposta a perda de biodiversidade".
O laboratório de Wood estãotrabalhando nessa questãoagora, reconstruindo a história dos parasitas ao longo do tempo, documentando quais parasitas aumentaram em abunda¢ncia e quais declinaram. No entanto, quase não háregistro hista³rico de parasitas e, sem essas informações, édifacil saber como conserva¡-los. Ao dissecar espanãcimes de peixes de museus, os pesquisadores estãoidentificando e contando vários parasitas encontrados nos espanãcimes em diferentes locais e anãpocas.
"Esses animais em conserva são como ca¡psulas do tempo do parasita", explicou Wood. "Podemos abri-los e identificar os parasitas que infectaram um peixe no momento da sua morte. Dessa forma, podemos reconstruir e ressuscitar informações que antes não acredita¡vamos serem possaveis de obter".