Os seres humanos usam a parte visual do cérebro ao ouvir sons no escuro, mesmo que tenham nascido sem visão
As varreduras da atividade cerebral de voluntários vendados e expostos ao canto dos pa¡ssaros, as pessoas que conversam e o ruado do tra¡fego atravanãs dos fones de ouvido usam o cortex visual prima¡rio para identificar o som.
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)
Domanio paºblico
Os cientistas descobriram que os seres humanos usam a parte visual do cérebro ao processar sons no escuro, mesmo que nunca tenham visto a visão durante a vida.
Em uma sanãrie de estudos publicados na Current Biology , ("Decodificando sons naturais no cortex 'visual' precoce de indivíduos cegos congaªnitos"), uma equipe internacional de pesquisadores, liderada por Royal Holloway, explica como as varreduras da atividade cerebral de voluntários vendados e expostos ao canto dos pa¡ssaros, as pessoas que conversam e o ruado do tra¡fego atravanãs dos fones de ouvido usam o cortex visual prima¡rio para identificar o som.
O mesmo aconteceu com os voluntários que eram cegos desde o nascimento, mostrando, portanto, que nem a imagem visual nem a experiência visual são necessa¡rias para o cortex visual prima¡rio decifrar sons.
A Dra. Petra Vetter, do Departamento de Psicologia de Royal Holloway, disse: "Queraamos saber mais sobre a natureza das interações entre o sistema visual e o sistema auditivo que os seres humanos possuem. Durante o estudo, descobrimos que, embora as pessoas com visão possam usam sua imaginação visual, aqueles sem visão, ainda usam a mesma parte do cérebro para traduzir o som, o que significa que os seres humanos tem um mecanismo ba¡sico do cérebro, independente das imagens visuais e, mais intrigante, da experiência visual. a primeira parte do cortex visual ésensavel a s informações que ouvimos, não apenas ao que vemos ".
O professor Lars Muckli, da Universidade de Glasgow, que estuda o processamento visual hános, acrescentou: "a‰ comum presumir que os estamulos visuais que atingem o cérebro humano sejam primeiro processados ​​isolando outros sentidos, no 'cortex visual prima¡rio' - um cérebro área que distingue entre claro e escuro ou entre diferentes orientações de linhas. Talvez essa área do cérebro esteja processando uma experiência de extensão espacial independente de ser comunicada pelos olhos ou ouvidos. Somente após esse primeiro esta¡gio de processamento, como a teoria as informações visuais são transferidas para mais longe na hierarquia cerebral, onde são vinculadas a s informações de outros sentidos.Em outras palavras, a visão principal éque, em umnívelsuperior, um objeto pode ser vinculado a um som,mas em umnívelinferior, acredita-se que uma linha e um som sejam processados ​​separadamente ".
O Dr. Lukasz Bola, da Universidade de Harvard, que liderou a análise de dados neste projeto, disse: "Surpreendentemente, fomos capazes de identificar os sons da atividade prima¡ria do cortex visual em participantes cegos, com uma precisão ainda maior do que a obtida nos participantes com visão. tanto para os cegos quanto para os que enxergam, os sons distinguem-se melhor da atividade cerebral em partes do cortex visual prima¡rio que normalmente representam os lados do campo visual, e não o centro do campo visual.A parte que representa a visão central - processando estamulos visuais como letras ou rostos em alta resolução - parece menos interessado em sons do que na parte que representa o lado do campo visual ".
O professor Amir Amedi, da Universidade IDC Herzliya Reichman, acrescentou: "O estudo também adiciona evidaªncias importantes a uma teoria emergente que sugere que a formação de especializações cerebrais são as tarefas executadas em cada parte do cérebro e não o sentido de entrada - no nosso caso, visual ou entrada auditiva para o sistema visual ".
Os pesquisadores enfatizam o valor adaptativo que essas interações corticais precoces entre visão e audição podem ter. Os sinais auditivos podem ser muito aºteis para preparar nosso sistema visual para o que veremos em um momento ou para orientar nossa atenção para partes especaficas da cena visual - especialmente para os lados, onde a visão éconsideravelmente menos precisa do que no centro.
Esses mecanismos parecem ser ba¡sicos e evolutivamente antigos o suficiente para serem conservados mesmo em pessoas que nunca viram nada. Assim, esses achados mostram a importa¢ncia dos modelos genanãticos na formação da organização do cérebro visual.