A laringe tem três funa§aµes principais: proteger as vias aanãreas durante a alimentaa§a£o, regular o suprimento de ar para os pulmaµes e comunicaça£o vocal.
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Yp3ZjZR3rgsh6X1HoeCNWD1uOxHQiKP+osScdpJ0k8re/c2Yn2Hspz4EtSGneDG5khZO+9anCjicll9BvNIwy1y5taaPZINJsa/9olyk9VRdi7kcYHcvE+5YtXxSyL7nZHf6k6cFyU9zVp7ng2UpP455bwyGpXQVO8mZfYzgnan2JZalqXOHScTjkJ05I1SjuWUi2lEj7SzZ0UTfTloIfSjuWj8lyF8liGXpZHFY78nGpSWlHCjSfJjmZWS5kmBTgtXsXvzOnVSSOZ8kNE1srku75t6GbDyjixzmCzPVz2nWvn/ANi//8QAKxABAAICAgIBBAICAwEBAQAAAQARITFBUWFxgRBAkaGxwVDRIOHwMHDx/9oACAEBAAE/If8AHXU8CGwH/L2f8MmYEKXUzBiswi+L/JLj1lyyDOZdbYsYhjKo+l7QvaLxQa2f4raMeAiss5T5S/ae0JrKfRa5nzLJSLxBAhS4Q9zAS1j/AIfeuY7rEtjX13zqZ6zL+kMJHZlemWYjlguswMzaY2vNkQkoE5OIirWz/DCfyy+mYEtLJfRHyzE+D6B6mfp6hCnmHWR5UIWczasA/OCZ0mOXcGP3/hFrcsk/2gvKTAwASvzfUoCZfN6lgzfzKjwOJQ5ZRsHtg3D8yupmZ5+lssh9K7XMziWlxb+IjgMa2+49dw1/gr0yqGOkEbl1ojNKp3qUASnLwx1VjpMb+1ia8GDv2yovcrWpyKvUNd+0F/VOST4m2DKDSg+4I6YeoFc19H+8iOtb+ogwzHIjHo/4IDOek7f/AFK5lv8AMC2qecQm1pXhLqUd5RRbXFy44YOj8pRyD1KU5hXieWIHr6XZGmYrOYovmZab77ZQAAs5/qO5qrudA9oQmx4KhjQedJUXLdUwyH+Atufk9R1TfmNiVEmP8UW18cT0wSh/IqU4IU3+IC29+J4GeEGA5ZldFymV2zwPovzjaESlbepVFH4gy3lYYi2sx7gtEbtMs/WZZcmHyhr7VQLYvQq8RCfFcxeHfcetH3KQHm4htk/8MlnuBug+2IxcDhjb18Tc6yWWrnRSWtEFjOHmCjMINj7gMvBMCnPqeEW7lPLA8SphxBncXZvLNbccTHlihp+DO+F5l4sdoCHUyPTUCwq5oOSorHj7Vi+O/P0BuIwLicr8MUwK9x7b0nWXmPxY+Uu/KWJc8niYCFDuIXTg7jmoYg/EppOhXU8hUrAHfUFsEC7YCjRM8AT2zwl/qOV3GzP7QztBouPjDGJdDXMcOnEEXU8tRvBgXNl3lR39o7fUN33NR5TCxeOpRDrowBWR5llk+jMKvRxmYaFfEW3LeMQsosV4Ri3uV8xGgahytk4UxGykolDuEBepT2lZOfcC8uo/awfU8op5+hEqOV4IdES1hE7m9BmI75Y9pHt5bqZo7jOrmFuVmO/R+1RVpyR0uAaaHub6nnqCulyrt8xEFHdqYdlfmFUQirJUFR9xsv8AhmMZ5tBwG+PE4n5lpDriYc+IHBjUXEKcWwOLQ6Ag6L9RQh5wYbD6ariZ7lHljNT4h5MomBNr51Hpf/cbjuABsTbww8i3LOHzMyj9Z+1GrhpiDzn0hwzekhbWfhqXoOvVVKBGDmZHNuu4pwl4PUOzeMXAoM15gZqDtdrC5xO+FFsa7hqsIeYxWBg8IjumYsP5mewh8p6SvMfnF8Exm9VMDc/sI0oYS+L/ABMXuOY1zHDyEoXuVsnT5+2LgGcTuGmaeMRtuOzcvob1crnzH8YiBPWiarqWQDnMTR2IehP0rcYuRgLqqjneFYzLDIJasOYHKs9sodQoVcwcT0oyC/R8yiW8EZlYBfX8pQoGIGA3uNM/nWYLW88wZi0cYsu8E3Op+19v6NvzK0wA9uofMgTEbGXceg93MweYX5KZdYeYBRuyAf0YOR45mRziXXMu/tyRYzMgqUVWDr6WXUHHKU+niGBnHUaQQRfMPrazUEDC2b+gJ2fEq6phqR4FLmwju3lny2ft+JbBL1pqZA3icgRhQ1cLtDuAbqbPmAq2KUAqBdjmtRAm+CKKl7lfmZAGXU8GaloGY/k7hWEqC5XKbU5lF67iZLZ8zwJoKURQ0MbzdTxCVVCnGJQHW5ids4higr3DxkwaWZgiyJ8qPuiDYmFlDUCv3MNzqiJDgG4gbKlPmX8zI6uGV/4QWOVhwVaXEqy7gORz0Sw2x2zvRuW3u3zMB4+Zay/E2WnmX2nIRsUWeZfPJ3zL6V9zLW4d/qUtGeajocTsbKl+jSUEbZdaDBfuIEdVkUs+PudniYr1NG448z4PGe+YYpa8xNqBEhs3PmBOKw54l7UZolTNqzpm+KETXp3OK0QoPk7gLwIXb5hR1MFf2gUcPzCwO+5rV6qaeCFjZMs4JfCueWOuvtBdXgFVgdz8EsFZeYKwRBmPijemWS9oJiX3CsXibnczsy6AiGLNwwLJuC11VVMwb8EwmndwCrFV2HcQkWc3iYCgA7qCpwPJubh9Ey9HcSrTGcxPT6gEwkqIZzK3SX5mlZZUy3jUupaPM4D6VuO0eUWVHA0LzOcXuOy8dkVKzzUzVvG4AHsMwvY7ZhEC3mWw0Y4h4kcdnic0zBLu4PuKxzgqOYGK4Uu3rGutLZJTyyxm5jCg50OLg7B4hd5A/hhZ78RXtQ1Etbe4QdvEDUjdrFWbK6m6fBAx/YlclKU3zF5cpkSpZdXwQHZHJPEOc5gRbHVR3ietTbL8MzlhmzlwMXQNbP8A2YYl3v1MwL41NS9YrBUTlzBV6qPFJVIfcqLRbLPhoirT6hCyxVKpXqM78qxGoxufEqGxwufiaAkxZzxWpqTd3mWu7/UvA1ek0fy43c45oiw/qJy+5rLR7lisrwTToJwlk0p6IK/gVbUXj3qjmCF9pE2/qBfMVb7J43VVbzAHYr8JRkZzqLQU0T3hdeIOJyajK07/ABLr8ShKy+z3LV/R9xgsy7gNmjS4Ew2uiZJhcE5FnqWtx5hgIEYrkE2XxcaYflBm+PuYECnqYFY3ql/MZmUm0GvwjckCqz3iBoDMHk/DGcnxLu9a2CaN59wPcG9XERy99yh2vz3DLD8RFEdIzFlcMXN9+ZnX4YqVtZ6FSolZ/cqbqXK3uP8AEcsa/uYiNuJXO8/bmi+JgV8j1Bc2a5jVivkhKEDgMwQ1fS5s7HnIl6Wu81/EWniINDcLshZ1AHSNkiHVDj9QKeHZgR8U5JonN6gt7eZYNbumBaXQFs5d8RQD+Jwl/MpgPUycXxhmeGvARctXsQ2gdg/mLu/E0ZqpZaqjxW58a1BFVVTJateCVK38Td/7YLWhqOBeLv7gqboYJbaVLFnU8rg7mMvXPmZmZHDLVHe406FurmxuiNFE6zc8y+QskoFS0zCKqWvDNQtWpeDTUOwZ77hIXVwkbImpvM4l3Q9QK60OjE6y3wRTRMKDB3/uUxWn5Isssr1HtSnVkyjY5CahgwqJvjPd/U5hvolBmK25hOvwPuNhDATS3dwywTVbmzH4j2m2CZfq8zBtiE65nSGziAbycw2gebmCzWLINGRgJC22oZe2sCDWYgjpl8GKu3giCw5Tll6OEvvVyz5iWMUXNsfEpCU8kYV06vDHMwrzmMOYNwPTuabfZcrVPQSorNTJbXmAdFy3Q6IAAaPucSXN5jxhafMIyFyxLI1Q2zl0S5nDTWYIhqXiwo4nZQvmV0Er1EoBXRmqquDOqwbiLc56RUxgHV3LUBKW/OKlf9wqXFFeqgdPgf8AUZC18xvZlCNWXrFp28zJ+ZB/oS0oheXM5KfuG0EWqSxlo8TK33WKu2UbfolhyvHmArLR1EUYYO4bvMG3iu4bZwkCoON+5lggg+P7bllFq7cRtdbFj4hOVvPEBV55eYaqC5ud+OZsIp0SooE3BWL1Baa93LELAEJSX4pYM8KdzOgp3Ao4/mUqkx6PUCCWaZYEg9c6i6GZv9v3K0tmZJOYVHkaJU3lzKIT5qOV1cC6wKyiKgrwSwedUsa9jOSVLcOuyWNY1zNkBt4BFG6bwV/73MhPhc4chqkldCeJcKw4+hqo187tm2UeJpYpwzhaz1cZVYMqn1CN/QSvoP8A6TM+b7+6wvRuOKMRRhekNbswAj5CUQcjj9y24ADYhDUrqbPEBocqcxdMszyjbDMLvX8szyuL4uZDAvix3DlYKlgtYhV3g+JT3XaEQ4i0Zj+hKwpq6lTl7lWDmZJ/gXD+FKu5ULt1NnhgK1KNF1G+JT0mR8MB3qGQqnmWGp1UC1DKdidQs3lqj/coaScxUwEHZMHk4O4VNza1jrEVUwNZmH/mWBKHVwWZw0TtlVGIq3uKd8v+BUayVuBOh4Jc2kMfNEGYJycwB2KfMz0sO5Zpw68RFZzFeunRmWAI8NZ/UCOjzLn1NwOIPFy4zlGwXh5lt1D8ymYHBNWPFywWF3FcSgtrq4A3bj6W6mZI4RLuKlPTqXHwv/AXpA8yneTKPcqz/RmibCOZVpnO7mXNrWIHWDuMShI6hydvj+5ZwVXvhCpsqsXxLF2Y1Edh6g1gVww3L0TRGXcIUP4Y5yscyFQ48Q0APGJQhFVXeoHgrBszLuWUFw5tShxLMrcsKMQVT74tRav+GU1H9ECE6BIKDOs0S+Jd8vEBM0mBJMLW92Fk4iA+ZWzYTziNrXyy9gn4j/cAnAHupsnHeT+IAS92PxA8Z4Cppa1MGx4jxWdpX0+0OW6vbARuxNJzH+YLTP0M2pXSVnH3wbLKQL/yuOXh0g+bf1LKAfOo2d+SCbbnKoRPRObgk5R4EXCoOicYz1Kr3TnKAep1/lCmsSgdx4Ia9vERlRXiGY/iJM3gzUAPMS6m5Zk/NwQQRzwZpLcZYcmY/OfeE516mmW/xKx37lR+kmVZtFzBdpwSpX7xuO3RMlgERDXbLA1ziZWriA6fEBCELjxNUymYHFTNejALtMKsdxnA7QNqcT3rm0uQPEXg+YYHlK0vM8CPH8IK1uWVlmY8/d26m80cEE8s8I8RjdwfgjLX+CUsFuf9E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)
Cra¢nio e laringe de gorila. Crédito: Copyright Dr. Jacob Dunn, Anglia Ruskin University (ARU)
Os cientistas descobriram que a laringe, ou caixa vocal, dos primatas ésignificativamente maior em relação ao tamanho do corpo, tem maior variação e estãoem taxas de evolução mais rápidas do que em outros mamaferos.
Publicada na revista PLOS Biology e liderada por acadaªmicos da Anglia Ruskin University (ARU), da Stanford University e da University of Vienna, a pesquisa éo primeiro estudo em larga escala sobre a evolução da laringe .
A laringe tem três funções principais: proteger as vias aanãreas durante a alimentação, regular o suprimento de ar para os pulmaµes e comunicação vocal. Por causa de seu importante papel na facilitação do comportamento social, por meio da vocalização, hámuito se acredita que a laringe éuma área-chave da evolução, particularmente em espanãcies com sistemas de comunicação vocal altamente desenvolvidos.
Os pesquisadores fizeram tomografias computadorizadas de espanãcimes de 55 espanãcies diferentes e produziram modelos de computador 3-D de suas laringes. Estes foram estudados juntamente com medições detalhadas, incluindo comprimento e massa corporal .
Os primatas variaram em tamanho de um sagui-pigmeu (Cebuella pygmaea) pesando apenas 110g, a um gorila ocidental (Gorila gorila) pesando aproximadamente 120 kg. Os carnavoros variavam de um mangusto anão comum de 280g (Helogale parvula) a um tigre de 180 kg (Panthera tigris).
O estudo constatou que, para um determinado comprimento corporal , as laringes dos primatas são em média 38% maiores do que as dos carnavoros e que a taxa de evolução da laringe émais rápida nessas espanãcies.
Tambanãm hámais variação no tamanho da laringe em relação ao tamanho do corpo entre os primatas, indicando que os primatas tem maior flexibilidade para evoluir de maneiras diferentes. Os carnavoros seguem uma proporção fixa entre o tamanho da laringe e o tamanho do corpo.
O tamanho da laringe também se mostrou um bom preditor da frequência de vocalização de uma espanãcie, o que demonstra a releva¢ncia para a comunicação vocal das variações de tamanho observadas.
O coautor principal, Dr. Jacob Dunn, leitor de Biologia Evolutiva na Anglia Ruskin University (ARU), disse: "Este estudo demonstra diferenças claras na evolução da laringe entre grupos de mamaferos.
"Especificamente, mostramos pela primeira vez que a laringe dos primatas émaior, menos ligada ao tamanho do corpo e com taxas de evolução mais rápidas do que a laringe carnavora, que éum grupo de comparação bem combinado, indicando diferenças fundamentais na evolução do órgão vocal em todas as espanãcies. "
O coautor principal Dr. Daniel Bowling, Instrutor de Psiquiatria e Ciências do Comportamento da Universidade de Stanford, acrescentou: "Nosso estudo também mostra que as diferenças no tamanho da laringe prevaªemmudanças no tom de voz, destacando o papel crucial da laringe na comunicação vocal. Isso édemonstrado por os chamados ricos e variados produzidos por muitas espanãcies de primatas .
"Os resultados implicam diferenças fundamentais entre primatas e carnavoros nas forças que limitam o tamanho da laringe, bem como destacam uma flexibilidade evolutiva em primatas que pode ajudar a explicar por que eles desenvolveram usos complexos e diversos do órgão vocal para comunicação. Isso fornece um caminho emocionante para estudos futuros examinando a variação entre outros grupos de mamaferos. "