Os modelos 3-D permitiram a equipe de pesquisa associar edifacios vulca¢nicos com velocidades sasmicas subjacentes, fluxo de calor, gravidade e deformaa§a£o que são sensaveis a presença de magma, disse Karlstrom.
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)
Domanio paºblico
Erupções vulcânica s na Cordilheira de Cascade do Noroeste do Pacafico nos últimos 2,6 milhões de anos são mais numerosas e intimamente ligadas a s assinaturas subsuperficiais do magma atualmente ativo do que comumente se pensa, de acordo com uma pesquisa recanãm-publicada.
Uma santese de aberturas vulcânica s nasuperfÍcie e dados que investigam a estrutura e composição da crosta a uma profundidade de 20 quila´metros (12,4 milhas) tornam claras novas conexões entre asuperfÍcie e a subsuperfacie evidaªncias de erupções vulcânica s anteriores . A atividade se estendeu muito além dos 11 estratovulcaµes bem conhecidos que revestem o Arco Cascade entre o norte da Califórnia e o norte de Washington.
O estudo, liderado por cientistas da Universidade de Oregon, catalogou quase 3.000 vulcaµes associados a cordilheira. Foi publicado em 13 de julho na revista Geology .
A pesquisa revela novos detalhes sobre os padraµes complexos e evolutivos do magma ascendente na regia£o, disse o coautor do estudo Leif Karlstrom, professor do Departamento de Ciências da Terra e do Centro de Vulcanologia do Oregon.
"Qualquer pessoa que já voou entre Sa£o Francisco e Seattle provavelmente se maravilhou com os estratovulcaµes enormes alinhados entre o norte da Califórnia e o sul da Colaºmbia Brita¢nica", disse ele. "Surpreendentemente, essas formas de relevo representam menos de 1 por cento dos vulcaµes das Cascades que entraram em erupção no passado geologicamente recente."
A equipe de pesquisa de três membros examinou 2.835 aberturas. Eles usaram modelos digitais de terreno 3D derivados de satanãlite disponíveis gratuitamente para atualizar as estimativas das taxas de erupção e sintetizar observações de subsuperfacie nas últimas décadas para mapear onde os sinais de magma ativo na crosta se correlacionam com edifacios nassuperfÍcies em torno dos vulcaµes da regia£o.
Edifacios referem-se a parte principal dos vulcaµes construados por lava em erupção, projanãteis de rocha, fluxos de lama e detritos e mistura de fragmentos de rocha, gás e cinzas.
Os modelos 3-D permitiram a equipe de pesquisa associar edifacios vulca¢nicos com velocidades sasmicas subjacentes, fluxo de calor, gravidade e deformação que são sensaveis a presença de magma, disse Karlstrom. O trabalho, ele acrescentou, mostrou onde as aberturas superficiais parecem se sobrepor a s estruturas de transporte de magma atualmente ativas na crosta.
"Estudos anteriores analisaram vulcaµes aºnicos ou aglomerados vulca¢nicos com dados de satanãlite, mas este éo primeiro estudo a restringir as geometrias dos vulcaµes ao longo de um arco inteiro de maneira autoconsistente", disse o principal autor do estudo, Daniel O'Hara, um doutorado em UO aluna. "Estimamos que os edifacios vulca¢nicos representem cerca de 50 por cento da produção vulcânica total durante o período que examinamos."
A pesquisa, ele acrescentou, indicou uma diminuição sistema¡tica na força dessas relações, sugerindo que as erupções, bem como seus sistemas de encanamento subjacentes, migraram durante os últimos 2,6 milhões de anos.
A pesquisa financiada pela National Science Foundation pode ajudar a guiar estudos mais aprofundados de aberturas vulcânica s distribuadas e na avaliação de perigos e riscos para pessoas e infraestrutura, disse o coautor David W. Ramsey, do Observatório de Vulcaµes Cascades do US Geological Survey, em Vancouver, Washington .
As aberturas vulcânica s distribuadas estãoassociadas a pequenos cones de cinzas que cobrem grande parte das cascatas centrais do Oregon e áreas como o Boring Lava Field na cidade de Portland e o VulcãoMedicine Lake na Califa³rnia.
"Esta pesquisa usou uma metodologia consistente para analisar as aberturas vulcânica s que abrangem toda a Cordilheira das Cascatas dos Estados Unidos nos últimos 2,6 milhões de anos", disse Ramsay. "Isso ajuda a destacar aberturas vulcânica s recentemente ativas, particularmente no centro de Oregon e norte da Califa³rnia, e mostra que os locais de potenciais erupções futuras não se limitam aos estratovulcaµes cobertos de neve no horizonte."
Os principais estratovulcaµes da regia£o se estendem ao longo da junção das placas Juan de Fuca e da Amanãrica do Norte. De norte a sul, eles são o Monte Baker, o Pico da Geleira, o Monte Rainier, o Monte Santa Helena, o Monte Adams, o Monte Hood, o Monte Jefferson, as Traªs Irma£s, o Lago Crater / Monte Mazama, o Monte Shasta e o Pico Lassen.