A ma£e sabe melhor: como as ma£es morcego ajudam os filhotes a navegar pelo mundo
Ma£es: eles trazem vocêa este mundo, rega-o com cuidado e o ajuda a construir um mapa mental dos locais de coleta de alimentos enquanto vocêainda éum filhote que não voa preso aos mamilos.
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)
Morcego da fruta egapcio (Rousettus aegyptiacus) em va´o. Tirada em Rothschild Boulevard, Tel Aviv, Israel. Crédito: Zoharby / Wikipedia
Ma£es: eles trazem vocêa este mundo, rega-o com cuidado e o ajuda a construir um mapa mental dos locais de coleta de alimentos enquanto vocêainda éum filhote que não voa preso aos mamilos.
Um novo estudo publicado na Current Biology na quarta-feira por pesquisadores israelenses lana§a luz sobre como os pais mamaferos ajudam seus filhos a aprender habilidades essenciais para a vida - neste caso, morcegos frugavoros egapcios, enquanto voam noite adentro fugindo de predadores e encontrando figos.
"Como os animais, inclusive os humanos, adquirem suas habilidades comportamentais éuma questãofundamental", disse a AFP Yossi Yovel, cientista da Universidade de Tel Aviv e um dos três autores do artigo.
"Sabemos que os animais fazem coisas incraveis. Os morcegos, por exemplo, navegam dezenas de quila´metros todas as noites em busca de alimento, e sempre nos perguntamos como eles aprendem a fazer isso."
Muitas espanãcies de morcegos carregam seus filhotes no voo, mas o custo de energia no transporte de um filhote pode chegar a 40% do peso da própria ma£e, e os benefacios para os filhotes não eram claros. Foi hipotetizado - mas nunca provado - que isso pode facilitar o aprendizado dos jovens.
Rastreadores GPS
Para saber com certeza, Yovel e seus colegas colocaram rastreadores GPS miniaturizados em dezenas de pares de ma£es e filhotes, conforme a prole passava da dependaªncia para a independaªncia.
A co-autora Aya Goldshtein disse que eles foram capazes de documentar um conjunto de padraµes distintos.
"No inacio, a ma£e e o filhote estãoconstantemente ligados, voam juntos e a ma£e carrega o filhote durante toda a noite", explicou ela - da primeira a terceira semanas de vida do jovem mamafero.
Em seguida, vem a fase de "queda", quando as ma£es carregam seus filhotes e os colocam em uma a¡rvore a poucos quila´metros de sua cola´nia.
Nesse esta¡gio, de três a dez semanas, as ma£es voltam continuamente da coleta para verificar como estãoseus filhotes, alimentando-os e ajudando-os a aquecaª-los.
Depois disso, com oito a 10 semanas, os filhotes comea§am a voar sozinhos para os mesmos locais de entrega durante a noite e voltam para o poleiro antes do amanhecer - embora o trabalho de suas ma£es não esteja totalmente concluado e eles continuem fazendo o check-in.
"Imagine que vocêtem um adolescente em casa - ele já émeio independente, mas vocêtambém quer monitorar se ele não estãofazendo algo estaºpido como não voltar para casa no final da noite", disse Goldshtein. Ou, quando os filhotes não conseguem voar sozinhos, suas ma£es os carregam novamente.
Finalmente, a partir de 10 semanas, os filhotes usam os locais de entrega como pontos de partida para a exploração independente de novas a¡rvores frutaferas.
Em essaªncia, os sites servem como auxiliares de navegação que ajudam os jovens a sair e voltar para casa.
Como controle, a equipe criou alguns filhotes sem suas ma£es e descobriu que eles geralmente não conseguiam encontrar o caminho de volta para a caverna antes do amanhecer.
Além disso, os sites ajudam as ma£es a encontrar jovens rebeldes.
"Essas a¡rvores são um pouco como pontos de encontro para criana§as perdidas em parques de diversaµes ", disse Yovel.
Os locais de queda também servem como poleiros secunda¡rios, e ter muitos deles ajuda a reduzir a exposição dos filhotes a predadores como as corujas.
A palavra 't'
"Uma das partes mais malucas do papel éque o filhote realmente aprende quando épreso de cabea§a para baixo", disse o coautor Lee Harten. Ela acrescentou que épossível que "seus olhos estejam abertos e ele esteja coletando informações enquanto étransferido passivamente".
Isso, por sua vez, sugere que os cérebros dos filhotes invertem a entrada visual em uma imagem vertical.
Harten disse que ficou satisfeita em contribuir para a lacuna cientafica sobre como os animais ajudam seus filhotes a aprender - especialmente entre os morcegos, que constituem um quinto de todos os mamaferos na Terra, mas ainda são pouco estudados.
Enquanto a equipe mostrou que as ma£es morcego mudam o que fazem quando tem filhos, investem energia em comportamentos específicos e seus filhos aprendem como resultado desse comportamento, elas hesitam em usar a palavra "ensino" no estudo, o que évisto como um antropomorfismo pela comunidade cientafica.
"Para provar o ensino - vocêdeve mostrar intenção e isso émuito difacil com os animais (vocênão pode simplesmente perguntar a eles)", disse Yovel.
“Eu chamaria isso de ensino, mas para ter cuidado, dizemos que eles colocam os filhotes em uma posição que lhes permite aprenderâ€.