Pesquisadores desenvolvem catalisadores avana§ados para produção limpa de hidrogaªnio
Um catalisador éuma substância que aumenta a taxa de uma reaa§a£o química sem sofrer qualquer alteraça£o química permanente.
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)
Zhenxing Feng, OSU. Crédito: OSU
A pesquisa da Oregon State University sobre o projeto de catalisadores mostrou que o hidrogaªnio pode ser produzido de forma limpa com muito mais eficiência e a um custo mais baixo do que épossível com os atuais catalisadores disponíveis no mercado.
Um catalisador éuma substância que aumenta a taxa de uma reação química sem sofrer qualquer alteração química permanente.
As descobertas são significativas porque a produção de hidrogaªnio éimportante para "muitos aspectos de nossa vida, como células de combustavel para carros e a fabricação de muitos produtos químicos aºteis, como ama´nia", disse Zhenxing Feng da Faculdade de Engenharia da OSU, professor de engenharia química quem liderou a pesquisa. "Ele também éusado no refino de metais, para a produção de materiais artificiais, como pla¡sticos, e para uma sanãrie de outros fins."
A produção de hidrogaªnio pela divisão da águapor meio de um processo catalatico eletroquamico émais limpa e sustenta¡vel do que o manãtodo convencional de derivar hidrogaªnio do gás natural por meio de um processo de produção de dia³xido de carbono conhecido como reforma de metano-vapor, disse Feng. Mas o custo da técnica mais verde tem sido uma barreira no mercado.
As novas descobertas, que descrevem maneiras de projetar catalisadores que podem melhorar muito a eficiência do processo de produção de hidrogaªnio limpo , foram publicadas na Science Advances e JACS Au .
Ao facilitar os processos de reação, os catalisadores costumam sofrermudanças estruturais, disse Feng. a€s vezes, asmudanças são reversaveis, outras vezes irreversaveis, e acredita-se que a reestruturação irreversavel degrada a estabilidade do catalisador, levando a uma perda da atividade catalatica que diminui a eficiência da reação.
Feng, OSU Ph.D. o aluno Maoyu Wang e colaboradores estudaram a reestruturação de catalisadores na reação e, em seguida, manipularam sua estrutura e composição desuperfÍcie em escala atômica para obter um processo catalatico altamente eficiente para a produção de hidrogaªnio.
Uma fase ativa de um catalisador baseado em hidra³xido de iradio amorfo exibiu eficiência 150 vezes maior que sua estrutura original de perovskita e quase três ordens de magnitude melhor do que o catalisador comercial comum, a³xido de iradio.Â
"Encontramos pelo menos dois grupos de materiais que passam pormudanças irreversaveis que se revelaram catalisadores significativamente melhores para a produção de hidrogaªnio", disse Feng. "Isso pode nos ajudar a produzir hidrogaªnio a US $ 2 por quilograma e, eventualmente, US $ 1 por quilograma. Isso émenos caro do que o processo poluente nas indaºstrias atuais e ajudara¡ a atingir a meta dos Estados Unidos de emissão zero até2030."
Feng observa que o Departamento de Energia, Hidrogaªnio e Escrita³rio de Tecnologias de Canãlulas de Combustavel dos Estados Unidos estabeleceu padraµes de referaªncia de tecnologias que podem produzir hidrogaªnio limpo a US $ 2 por quilo até2025 e US $ 1 por quilo até2030 como parte da  meta do Hydrogen Energy Earthshot de cortar custos de energia limpa hidrogaªnio em 80%, de $ 5 a $ 1 por quilograma, em uma década.
A tecnologia de eletra³lise da águapara a produção de hidrogaªnio limpo na qual o grupo de Feng se concentra usa eletricidade de fontes renova¡veis ​​para dividir a águapara produzir hidrogaªnio limpo. No entanto, a eficiência da divisão da águaébaixa, disse ele, principalmente devido ao alto sobrepotencial - a diferença entre o potencial real e o potencial tea³rico de uma reação eletroquímica - de uma meia-reação chave no processo, a reação de evolução de oxigaªnio ou REA.
"Os catalisadores são essenciais para promover a reação de divisão da água, reduzindo o excesso de potencial e, portanto, reduzindo o custo total para a produção de hidrogaªnio", disse Feng. "Nosso primeiro estudo em JACS Au estabeleceu a base para nose, conforme demonstrado em nosso artigo da Science Advances, agora podemos manipular melhor os a¡tomos nasuperfÍcie para projetar catalisadores com a estrutura e composição desejadas."