Usando dados clima¡ticos de 1979 a 2019, os pesquisadores descobriram que o número de ondas de calor ocorrendo simultaneamente nas latitudes médias e altas do Hemisfanãrio Norte foi sete vezes maior na década de 2010 do que na década de 1980.
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)
Domanio paºblico
Va¡rias grandes ondas de calor do tamanho da Monga³lia ocorreram ao mesmo tempo quase todos os dias durante as estações quentes da década de 2010 em todo o hemisfanãrio norte, de acordo com um estudo conduzido por pesquisadores da Washington State University.
Usando dados clima¡ticos de 1979 a 2019, os pesquisadores descobriram que o número de ondas de calor ocorrendo simultaneamente nas latitudes médias e altas do Hemisfanãrio Norte foi sete vezes maior na década de 2010 do que na década de 1980. Em média, houve ondas de calor simulta¢neas em 143 dias de cada ano da década de 2010 - quase todos os dias dos 153 dias dos meses quentes de maio a setembro.
Os eventos de calor simulta¢neos também ficaram mais quentes e maiores: sua intensidade aumentou 17% e sua extensão geogra¡fica aumentou 46%.
"Mais de uma onda de calor ocorrendo ao mesmo tempo, muitas vezes tem piores impactos sociais do que um aºnico evento", disse Cassandra Rogers, pesquisadora de pa³s-doutorado da WSU e autora principal do estudo no Journal of Climate . "Se certas regiaµes dependem umas das outras, por exemplo para agricultura ou comanãrcio, e ambas estãopassando por estresses ao mesmo tempo, podem não ser capazes de responder a ambos os eventos."
Ondas de calor podem causar desastres, desde quebras de safra atéincaªndios florestais. Ondas de calor simulta¢neas podem multiplicar essas ameaa§as, apontaram os autores, esgotando a capacidade dospaíses de fornecer ajuda maºtua em crises, como foi visto durante os vários incaªndios florestais nos EUA, Canada¡ e Austra¡lia associados a s ondas de calor de 2019 e 2020. Um estudo anterior também descobriu que ondas de calor simulta¢neas causaram uma queda de cerca de 4% na produção agracola global.
Este estudo definiu grandes ondas de calor como eventos de alta temperatura que duram três dias ou mais e cobrem pelo menos 1,6 milhões de quila´metros quadrados (cerca de 620.000 milhas quadradas), o que éaproximadamente equivalente ao tamanho da Monga³lia ou do Ira£.
Os pesquisadores analisaram os dados ERA5 produzidos pelo Centro Europeu de Previsaµes Meteorola³gicas de Manãdio Alcance, que combina grandes quantidades de dados observacionais de estações meteorola³gicas em terra, boias de águae aeronaves, bem como dados de satanãlites com modelos de previsão do tempo. O ERA5 fornece estimativas globais completas de dados hora¡rios para várias varia¡veis ​​clima¡ticas a partir de 1979, quando os dados de satanãlite se tornaram disponaveis, razãopela qual o estudo se concentrou neste período de tempo.
Usando esses dados observacionais, os pesquisadores descobriram que o principal impulsionador das ondas de calor foi o aumento geral da temperatura média global devido a mudança climática. O mundo aqueceu 1 grau Celsius (cerca de 1,8 graus Fahrenheit) no último século, com a grande maioria do aumento, dois tera§os, ocorrendo desde 1975. Os pesquisadores também descobriram que o aumento da ocorraªncia de dois padraµes de circulação em todo o hemisfanãrio tornou áreas especaficas mais vulnera¡veis ​​a ondas de calor simulta¢neas, incluindo leste da Amanãrica do Norte, leste e norte da Europa, leste da asia e leste da Sibanãria.
O estudo adiciona mais evidaªncias para a necessidade de reduzir as emissaµes de gases de efeito estufa e mitigar asmudanças climáticas, disseram os pesquisadores, e o aumento contanuo da temperatura significa que o mundo deve se preparar para mais ondas de calor simulta¢neas.
"Como sociedade, não estamos adaptados aos tipos de eventos clima¡ticos que estamos vivenciando", disse o coautor Deepti Singh, professor associado da WSU na Escola de Meio Ambiente.
"a‰ importante entender como podemos reduzir nossa vulnerabilidade e adaptar nossos sistemas para serem mais resilientes a esse tipo de eventos de calor que tem impactos sociais em cascata."
Além de Rogers e Singh, os autores do estudo incluem Kai Kornhuber da Columbia University, Sarah Perkins-Kirkpatrick da University of New South Wales na Austra¡lia e Paul Loikith da Portland State University.