A atividade recanãm-descoberta comea§a no esta¡gio de uma canãlula - muito mais cedo do que se pensava anteriormente - prometendo mudar a maneira como pensamos sobre nossas origens de desenvolvimento.
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)
Embria£o de uma canãlula de camundongo mostrando dois pra³-núcleos: a versão humana ésemelhante, e sua preparação para o desenvolvimento futuro permanece um mistanãrio. Crédito: Perry Lab, University of Bath
A descoberta de que alguns genes estãoativos desde o inicio desafia a visão dos livros dida¡ticos de que os genes não se tornam ativos em embriaµes humanos atéque sejam compostos de quatro a oito células, dois ou três dias após a fertilização.
A atividade recanãm-descoberta comea§a no esta¡gio de uma canãlula - muito mais cedo do que se pensava anteriormente - prometendo mudar a maneira como pensamos sobre nossas origens de desenvolvimento.
A pesquisa, publicada hoje na Cell Stem Cell , foi coliderada pelo Professor Tony Perry da Universidade de Bath, Dr. Giles Yeo da Universidade de Cambridge e Dr. Matthew VerMilyea da Ovation Fertility, EUA.
Usando um manãtodo chamado sequenciamento de RNA, a equipe aplicou uma análise de precisão a a³vulos humanos individuais e embriaµes de uma canãlula para fazer um inventa¡rio detalhado de produtos reveladores da atividade do gene, chamados de transcrições de RNA. Ele revelou que centenas de genes despertam em embriaµes humanos de uma canãlula. Como a atividade do gene comea§a pequena, as técnicas anteriores não eram sensaveis o suficiente para detecta¡-la. Mas o sequenciamento de RNA de última geração usado neste estudo foi capaz de revelar atémesmo pequenasmudanças.
"Esta éa primeira boa olhada no inicio de um processo biola³gico pelo qual todos nospassamos - o tra¢nsito atravanãs do esta¡gio de embria£o de uma canãlula", disse o professor Perry, do Departamento de Biologia e Bioquímica de Bath. "Sem o despertar do genoma, o desenvolvimento falha, por isso éum passo fundamental."
A equipe descobriu que muitos genes ativados em embriaµes de uma canãlula permanecem ligados atéo esta¡gio de quatro a oito células, quando então são desligados.
"Parece que háuma espanãcie de mudança genanãtica nos embriaµes iniciais: o primeiro turno comea§a logo após a fertilização, em embriaµes de uma canãlula, e um segundo turno assume o esta¡gio de oito células", disse o professor Perry.
O que o despertar do genoma humano nos diz
No momento da fertilização humana, os genomas do espermatozoide e do a³vulo - a coleção de todos os seus genes - são inativos: o espermatozoide e o a³vulo dependem de transcrições produzidas quando estavam sendo formados para instruções que regulam suas características.
As transcrições fornecem instruções essenciais em todas as células, e as células embriona¡rias não são exceção. Isso significa que éessencial que os genomas dos pais (espermatozoide e a³vulo) despertem no novo embria£o. Mas quando e como isso acontece?
Compreender o processo de despertar do genoma éimportante: éuma pea§a-chave do quebra-cabea§a do desenvolvimento que promete uma melhor compreensão da doena§a, herana§a e infertilidade. Os cientistas descobriram alguns genes ativados que poderiam desempenhar papanãis nos embriaµes iniciais, mas os papanãis de outros eram desconhecidos e poderiam apontar para eventos embriona¡rios que ainda não entendemos.
As descobertas da equipe também mostram como os genes são ativados. "Embora se acredite que o gatilho para a ativação venha do a³vulo, não se sabe como; agora sabemos quais genes estãoenvolvidos, podemos localizar seus enderea§os e usar técnicas moleculares para descobrir", disse o professor Perry.
A ligação com o ca¢ncer
Notavelmente, os candidatos que podem desencadear a ativação do gene incluem fatores geralmente associados ao ca¢ncer, como alguns oncogenes bem conhecidos. Isso levou os pesquisadores a especular que o papel natural e sauda¡vel de fatores que se comportam mal no câncer éo de despertar genes em embriaµes unicelulares. Se isso se provar correto, as descobertas da equipe podem iluminar os eventos que iniciam o ca¢ncer, fornecendo novas oportunidades de diagnóstico e prevenção.
As descobertas também tem implicações clanicas para a herana§a de caracteristicas adquiridas, como a obesidade: os pais que ganham peso parecem transmitir a característica aos filhos. Nãose sabe como essas caracteristicas adquiridas são transmitidas, mas alterar a ativação do gene após a fertilização éum mecanismo possível.
Como o Dr. Yeo, da Unidade de Doena§as Metaba³licas do Conselho de Pesquisa Manãdica de Cambridge, sugere: "Se for verdade, devemos ser capazes de ver essa assinatura alterada de ativação do gene no esta¡gio de uma canãlula".
A equipe também examinou embriaµes de uma canãlula doentios que não se desenvolvem e descobriu que muitos de seus genes não são ativados. Embriaµes anormais tem sido usados ​​para avaliar manãtodos de edição do genoma heredita¡rio humano, mas as novas descobertas sugerem que eles podem ser inadequados como um sistema de teste confia¡vel.