Um novo estudo de pesquisadores da Columbia University e Duke University publicado na revista NEJM Evidence mostra que fazer palavras cruzadas tem uma vantagem sobre videogames de computador para o funcionamento da memória em idosos...
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)
O estudo da Columbia-Duke mostra que os jogos de palavras cruzadas, em comparação com os jogadores cognitivos, demonstraram mais melhora no engajamento, menos encolhimento do cérebro. Crédito: Universidade de Columbia
Um novo estudo de pesquisadores da Columbia University e Duke University publicado na revista NEJM Evidence mostra que fazer palavras cruzadas tem uma vantagem sobre videogames de computador para o funcionamento da memória em idosos com comprometimento cognitivo leve.
Em um estudo randomizado e controlado, liderado por DP Devanand, MD, professor de psiquiatria e neurologia em Columbia, com Murali Doraiswamy, MD, professor de psiquiatria e medicina em Duke, os pesquisadores determinaram que os participantes (idade média de 71 anos) treinados em fazer web- palavras cruzadas baseadas demonstraram maior melhora cognitiva do que aqueles que foram treinados em videogames cognitivos.
"Este é o primeiro estudo a documentar os benefícios de curto e longo prazo para o treinamento de palavras cruzadas em casa em comparação com outra intervenção", disse o Dr. Devanand, que supervisiona pesquisas sobre envelhecimento cerebral e saúde mental em Columbia. "Os resultados são importantes à luz da dificuldade em mostrar melhora com intervenções no comprometimento cognitivo leve".
Palavras cruzadas são amplamente utilizadas, mas não foram estudadas sistematicamente no comprometimento cognitivo leve, que está associado ao alto risco de demência, incluindo a doença de Alzheimer.
Para conduzir seu estudo, pesquisadores da Columbia e Duke designaram aleatoriamente 107 participantes com comprometimento cognitivo leve (MCI) em dois locais diferentes para treinamento de palavras cruzadas ou treinamento de jogos cognitivos com treinamento intensivo por 12 semanas, seguido de sessões de reforço até 78 semanas. Ambas as intervenções foram realizadas por meio de uma plataforma informatizada com monitoramento semanal da adesão.
As conclusões mais marcantes do julgamento foram:
As palavras cruzadas foram superiores aos jogos cognitivos na medida de resultado cognitivo primário, ADAS-Cog, tanto em 12 semanas quanto em 78 semanas. As palavras cruzadas foram superiores no FAQ, uma medida de funcionamento diário, às 78 semanas.
As palavras cruzadas foram superiores para os participantes em um estágio posterior da doença, mas ambas as formas de treinamento foram igualmente eficazes em um estágio inicial.
O encolhimento do cérebro (medido com ressonância magnética) foi menor para palavras cruzadas em 78 semanas.
"Os benefícios foram vistos não apenas na cognição, mas também nas atividades diárias, com indicações de encolhimento do cérebro na ressonância magnética, o que sugere que os efeitos são clinicamente significativos", disse o Dr. Devanand.
O estudo também destaca a importância do engajamento. Com base no monitoramento eletrônico remoto do uso do computador, os participantes em um estágio posterior de deficiência podem se envolver melhor com as palavras cruzadas mais familiares do que com jogos cognitivos computadorizados.
Dois pontos fortes do estudo são a taxa de participação de 28% de indivíduos de grupos raciais e étnicos minoritários e a baixa taxa de desistência (15%) para um estudo domiciliar tão longo. Uma limitação do estudo foi a ausência de um grupo controle que não recebeu treinamento cognitivo.
Embora esses resultados sejam altamente encorajadores, os autores enfatizam a necessidade de replicação em um estudo controlado maior com um grupo de controle inativo.
"O trio de melhorar a cognição, função e neuroproteção é o Santo Graal para o campo", disse o Dr. Doraiswamy. “Mais pesquisas para dimensionar o treinamento cerebral como uma terapia digital doméstica para retardar a doença de Alzheimer devem ser uma prioridade para o campo”.