Em um programa de pesquisa de vários anos coordenado pelos dois diretores do .NeuroRestore - Grégoire Courtine, professor de neurociência da EPFL, e Jocelyne Bloch, neurocirurgiã do Hospital Universitário de Lausanne (CHUV) - pacientes...
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)
Crédito: École Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne
Em um programa de pesquisa de vários anos coordenado pelos dois diretores do .NeuroRestore - Grégoire Courtine, professor de neurociência da EPFL, e Jocelyne Bloch, neurocirurgiã do Hospital Universitário de Lausanne (CHUV) - pacientes que ficaram paralisados ??por uma lesão na medula espinhal e que foram submetidos a estimulação elétrica peridural direcionada da área que controla o movimento das pernas foram capazes de recuperar algumas funções motoras.
No novo estudo dos cientistas da .NeuroRestore, publicado hoje na Nature , não só a eficácia desta terapia foi demonstrada em nove pacientes, mas a função motora melhorada foi demonstrada em pacientes após a conclusão do processo de neurorreabilitação e quando a estimulação elétrica foi desligado. Isso sugeriu que as fibras nervosas usadas para caminhar haviam se reorganizado. Os cientistas acreditam que foi crucial entender exatamente como essa reorganização neuronal ocorre para desenvolver tratamentos mais eficazes e melhorar a vida do maior número possível de pacientes.
Neurônios Vsx2 se reorganizam para restaurar a caminhada
Para chegar a esse entendimento, a equipe de pesquisa primeiro estudou os mecanismos subjacentes em camundongos. Isso revelou uma propriedade surpreendente em uma família de neurônios que expressam o gene Vsx2: embora esses neurônios não sejam necessários para andar em camundongos saudáveis, eles foram essenciais para a recuperação da função motora após lesão na medula espinhal .
Esta descoberta foi o culminar de várias fases de pesquisa fundamental. Pela primeira vez, os cientistas conseguiram visualizar a atividade da medula espinhal de um paciente enquanto caminhava. Isso levou a uma descoberta inesperada: durante o processo de estimulação da medula espinhal , a atividade neuronal realmente diminuiu durante a caminhada. Os cientistas levantaram a hipótese de que isso ocorreu porque a atividade neuronal foi direcionada seletivamente para a recuperação da função motora.
Para testar sua hipótese, a equipe de pesquisa desenvolveu tecnologia molecular avançada. "Nós estabelecemos a primeira cartografia molecular 3D da medula espinhal", diz Courtine. "Nosso modelo nos permite observar o processo de recuperação com granularidade aprimorada - no nível do neurônio." Graças ao seu modelo altamente preciso, os cientistas descobriram que a estimulação da medula espinhal ativa os neurônios Vsx2 e que esses neurônios se tornam cada vez mais importantes à medida que o processo de reorganização se desenrola.
Um implante espinhal versátil
Stéphanie Lacour, professora da EPFL, ajudou a equipe de pesquisa a validar suas descobertas com os implantes epidurais desenvolvidos em seu laboratório. Lacour adaptou os implantes adicionando diodos emissores de luz que permitiram ao sistema não apenas estimular a medula espinhal, mas também desativar os neurônios Vsx2 sozinhos por meio de um processo optogenético. Quando o sistema foi usado em camundongos com lesão na medula espinhal, os camundongos pararam de andar imediatamente como resultado dos neurônios desativados – mas não houve efeito em camundongos saudáveis. Isso implica que os neurônios Vsx2 são necessários e suficientes para que as terapias de estimulação da medula espinhal sejam eficazes e levem à reorganização neural.
"É essencial que os neurocientistas sejam capazes de entender o papel específico que cada subpopulação neuronal desempenha em uma atividade complexa como caminhar", diz Bloch. “Nosso novo estudo, no qual nove pacientes de ensaios clínicos conseguiram recuperar algum grau de função motora graças aos nossos implantes, está nos dando informações valiosas sobre o processo de reorganização dos neurônios da medula espinhal”.
Jordan Squair, que se concentra em terapias regenerativas dentro do .Neurorestore, acrescenta: "Isso abre caminho para tratamentos mais direcionados para pacientes paralisados. Agora podemos tentar manipular esses neurônios para regenerar a medula espinhal".