Um pequeno robô que um dia poderia ajudar os médicos a realizar cirurgias foi inspirado na incrível capacidade de preensão das lagartixas e na locomoção eficiente das lagartas.
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Novo robô minúsculo, apelidado de GeiwBot. Crédito: Universidade de Waterloo
Um pequeno robô que um dia poderia ajudar os médicos a realizar cirurgias foi inspirado na incrível capacidade de preensão das lagartixas e na locomoção eficiente das lagartas.
O novo robô , desenvolvido por engenheiros da Universidade de Waterloo, utiliza luz ultravioleta (UV) e força magnética para se mover em qualquer superfície, até mesmo em paredes e tetos. Um artigo sobre o trabalho foi publicado na revista Cell Reports Physical Science.
É o primeiro robô macio desse tipo que não requer conexão com uma fonte de alimentação externa, permitindo operação remota e versatilidade para aplicações potenciais, como auxiliar cirurgiões e pesquisar locais inacessíveis.
"Este trabalho é a primeira vez que um robô macio holístico subiu em superfícies invertidas, avançando a inovação de robótica leve de última geração", disse o Dr. Boxin Zhao, professor de engenharia química. "Estamos otimistas com seu potencial, com muito mais desenvolvimento, em diversas áreas."
Construído a partir de um material inteligente, o robô - apelidado de GeiwBot pelos pesquisadores por causa das criaturas que o inspiraram - pode ser alterado no nível molecular para imitar como as lagartixas prendem e soltam garras poderosas em seus pés.
Isso permite que o robô - com cerca de quatro centímetros de comprimento, três milímetros de largura e um milímetro de espessura - suba em uma parede vertical e atravesse o teto sem estar preso a uma fonte de energia .
Zhao e sua equipe de pesquisa construíram o robô usando elastômeros de cristal líquido e almofadas adesivas sintéticas. Uma tira de polímero responsiva à luz simula o movimento de arqueamento e alongamento de uma lagarta, enquanto almofadas de ímã inspiradas em lagartixas em cada extremidade fazem o aperto.
“Embora ainda haja limitações a serem superadas, esse desenvolvimento representa um marco significativo para a utilização de biomimética e materiais inteligentes para robôs macios”, disse Zhao, presidente da Universidade de Waterloo em Nanotecnologia. "A natureza é uma grande fonte de inspiração e a nanotecnologia é uma maneira empolgante de aplicar suas lições."
Um robô macio sem amarras abre caminho para possíveis aplicações cirúrgicas por meio de operação remota dentro do corpo humano e para detecção ou busca em locais perigosos ou de difícil acesso durante operações de resgate.
O próximo passo para os pesquisadores é desenvolver um robô macio de escalada exclusivamente movido a luz que não exija um campo magnético e use radiação infravermelha em vez de luz ultravioleta para melhorar a biocompatibilidade.
Mais informações: Jian Sun et al, robô macio sem amarras inspirado em lagartixas e lagartas para escalar paredes e tetos, Cell Reports Physical Science (2023). DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrp.2022.101241
Informações do periódico: Cell Reports Physical Science