Pesquisadores desenvolvem um filme de gel sustentável para capturar dióxido de carbono com custo de energia reduzido
As emissões globais de CO 2 para 2022 atingiram 36,1 gigatoneladas, e isso consumiu 13–36% do orçamento de carbono restante para limitar o aquecimento a 1,5°C, o que significa que nossas emissões permitidas podem ser esgotadas em dois anos.
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)
Esquema dos hidrogéis sustentáveis ??de captura de carbono. Crédito: Youhong Guo
As emissões globais de CO 2 para 2022 atingiram 36,1 gigatoneladas, e isso consumiu 13–36% do orçamento de carbono restante para limitar o aquecimento a 1,5°C, o que significa que nossas emissões permitidas podem ser esgotadas em dois anos.
As tecnologias de captura direta de ar (DAC) extraem CO 2 diretamente da atmosfera em qualquer local, mas sua praticidade é limitada pelas maiores necessidades de energia e custos gerais. Em particular, a maioria dos sistemas baseados em sorventes sólidos não funcionam bem em condições úmidas e têm altas temperaturas de regeneração ou requerem condições de vácuo.
Projeto de hidrogéis sustentáveis ??de captura de carbono (SCCH)
Para superar esses desafios, desenvolvemos hidrogéis sustentáveis ??de captura de carbono (SCCH) como um material de mudança de etapa para captura de CO 2 com alta absorção e energia de regeneração excepcionalmente baixa (Figura 1). O estudo foi publicado na revista Nano Letters .
Em contraste com outros materiais sorventes onde a água inerte leva a uma regeneração térmica intensiva em energia, a água em hidrogéis tem uma entalpia de evaporação reduzida que pode contribuir para uma energia de regeneração reduzida. O SCCH consiste em goma konjac de biomassa de baixo custo, celulose termorresponsiva e polietilenoimina uniformemente dispersa (PEI). Outra vantagem deste SCCH é sua estrutura hierárquica única. Os poros em micro e nanoescala permitem o transporte de CO 2 e fácil acesso aos locais de amina ativa.
Desempenho de captura de dióxido de carbono
O vapor de água pré-capturado aumenta a ligação de CO 2 com PEI, o que leva a uma capacidade de captura muito maior em condições úmidas (Figura 2, à esquerda). Além disso, o CO 2 capturado é liberado com baixo fornecimento de energia (Figura 2, à direita), o que pode ser obtido por aquecimento elétrico moderado ou irradiação solar sem vácuo, desde que a temperatura atinja ~60°C. Isso é auxiliado pela entalpia de evaporação reduzida da água em hidrogéis hidrofílicos e pela capacidade de resposta térmica da celulose.
Também destacamos outra vantagem do nosso SCCH, que é a facilidade de preparo. O gel pode ser feito com materiais disponíveis comercialmente, dissolvido em água, despejado em um molde e seguido por um processo de liofilização. Isso é escalável e durável no ar ambiente, o que beneficia a aplicação prática. Com uma temperatura de regeneração tão baixa, nossos novos hidrogéis podem ser uma plataforma de materiais revolucionária para um gerenciamento mais sustentável da qualidade do ar e tecnologias DAC.
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Mais informações: Youhong Guo et al, Scalable Biomass-Derived Hydrogels for Sustainable Carbon Dioxide Capture, Nano Letters (2023). DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c02157
Informações do periódico: Nano Letters
Youhong Guo é pós-doutorando no Departamento de Engenharia Química do Massachusetts Institute of Technology, trabalhando com o Prof. T. Alan Hatton. Seus interesses de pesquisa são o desenvolvimento de materiais poliméricos para aplicações em energia e sustentabilidade ambiental.