Estudo descobre emparelhamento de elétrons em átomos artificiais, um estado quântico previsto há mais de 50 anos
Pesquisadores do Departamento de Física da Universität Hamburg observaram um estado quântico que foi teoricamente previsto há mais de 50 anos por teóricos japoneses, mas até agora escapou da detecção. Ao adaptar um átomo artificial na superfície...
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)
Vista 3D de algumas das estruturas construídas átomo a átomo de prata (pequenos outeiros). Uma gaiola de elétrons retangular e circular é vista no canto superior esquerdo da imagem. Crédito: Lucas Schneider
Pesquisadores do Departamento de Física da Universität Hamburg observaram um estado quântico que foi teoricamente previsto há mais de 50 anos por teóricos japoneses, mas até agora escapou da detecção. Ao adaptar um átomo artificial na superfície de um supercondutor, os pesquisadores conseguiram emparelhar os elétrons do chamado ponto quântico, induzindo assim a menor versão possível de um supercondutor. O trabalho aparece na revista Nature .
Normalmente, os elétrons se repelem devido à sua carga negativa. Este fenômeno tem um grande impacto nas propriedades de muitos materiais, como a resistência elétrica. A situação muda drasticamente se os elétrons são "colados" em pares, tornando-se assim bósons. Os pares bosônicos não evitam um ao outro como elétrons individuais, mas muitos deles podem residir no mesmo local ou fazer o mesmo movimento.
Uma das propriedades mais intrigantes de um material com tais pares de elétrons é a supercondutividade, a possibilidade de deixar uma corrente elétrica fluir através do material sem qualquer resistência elétrica . Por muitos anos, a supercondutividade encontrou muitas aplicações tecnológicas importantes, incluindo imagens de ressonância magnética ou detectores altamente sensíveis para campos magnéticos.
Hoje, o downscaling contínuo de dispositivos eletrônicos orienta fortemente as investigações sobre como a supercondutividade pode ser induzida em estruturas muito menores em nanoescala.
Pesquisadores do Departamento de Física e do Cluster de Excelência "CUI: Advanced Imaging of Matter" da Universität Hamburg, realizaram o emparelhamento de elétrons em um átomo artificial chamado ponto quântico, que é o menor bloco de construção de dispositivos eletrônicos nanoestruturados.
Para esse fim, os pesquisadores liderados pelo PD Dr. Jens Wiebe, do Instituto de Nanoestrutura e Física do Estado Sólido, trancaram os elétrons em minúsculas gaiolas que construíram de prata, átomo por átomo. Ao acoplar os elétrons bloqueados a um supercondutor elementar, os elétrons herdaram a tendência de emparelhamento do supercondutor.
Juntamente com uma equipe de físicos teóricos do Cluster, liderada pelo Dr. Thore Posske, os pesquisadores relacionaram a assinatura experimental, um pico espectroscópico de energia muito baixa, ao estado quântico previsto no início dos anos 1970 por Kazushige Machida e Fumiaki Shibata.
Embora o estado tenha até agora evitado a detecção direta por métodos experimentais, trabalhos recentes de pesquisadores da Holanda e da Dinamarca mostram que é benéfico para suprimir ruídos indesejados em qubits transmon, um bloco de construção essencial dos computadores quânticos modernos.
Kazushige Machida escreveu ao primeiro autor da publicação, Dr. Lucas Schneider: "Agradeço por 'descobrir' meu antigo artigo há meio século. Pensei por [um] longo tempo que impurezas não magnéticas de metais de transição produziam a -gap, mas a localização dele é tão perto da borda do gap supercondutor [que] é impossível provar sua existência. Mas, por seu método engenhoso, você finalmente verificou que é verdade experimentalmente."
Mais informações: Lucas Schneider et al, Proximity superconductivity in atom-by-atom crafted quantum dots, Nature (2023). DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06312-0
Informações da revista: Nature