Astrônomos de Taiwan realizaram observações de raios-X da galáxia NGC 1559 usando a espaçonave Chandra da NASA. Eles detectaram oito novas fontes ultraluminosas de raios-X nesta galáxia.
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A imagem de raios X do Chandra (0,3–7 keV) da população de fontes de raios X em NGC 1559. As regiões vermelhas marcam os ULXs. Crédito: Ma et al., 2023. See More
Astrônomos de Taiwan realizaram observações de raios-X da galáxia NGC 1559 usando a espaçonave Chandra da NASA. Eles detectaram oito novas fontes ultraluminosas de raios-X nesta galáxia. A descoberta é relatada em um artigo publicado em 10 de agosto no servidor de pré-impressão arXiv .
Fontes ultraluminosas de raios X (ULXs) são fontes pontuais no céu que são tão brilhantes em raios X que cada uma emite mais radiação do que 1 milhão de sóis emitem em todos os comprimentos de onda. Eles são menos luminosos que os núcleos galácticos ativos (AGN), mas mais consistentemente luminosos do que qualquer processo estelar conhecido. Embora numerosos estudos de ULXs tenham sido conduzidos, a natureza básica dessas fontes ainda permanece sem solução.
A uma distância de cerca de 41 milhões de anos-luz , NGC 1559 é uma galáxia espiral barrada na constelação Retículo. Apesar de sua morfologia fragmentada, os braços espirais de NGC 1559 são relativamente massivos com uma alta taxa de formação estelar. A galáxia também é conhecida por hospedar pelo menos quatro supernovas nos últimos 40 anos.
Uma equipe de astrônomos liderada por Chen-Hsun Ma, da Universidade Nacional Cheng Kung, em Taiwan, investigou NGC 1559 com o Advanced CCD Imaging Spectrometer (ACIS) do Chandra, concentrando-se em fontes pontuais de raios-X brilhantes. As observações resultaram na identificação de 33 fontes pontuais de raios X, das quais oito eram novas ULXs.
"Relatamos um estudo da população de raios X em NGC 1559 usando a observação Chandra/ACIS realizada em 2016. Foram detectadas 33 fontes pontuais de raios X. Entre estas, há oito ULXs com luminosidades de raios X superiores a 10 39 erg /s", escreveram os pesquisadores no artigo.
O ULX mais luminoso dos oito relatados no estudo é o designado X-17. Tem uma luminosidade de raios-X de cerca de 7,98 duodecilhões erg/s em 0,3–7 keV. Os astrônomos observaram que a luminosidade dos raios-X de X-17 excede até 10 duodecilhões erg/s ao considerar o limite superior do erro.
Outro novo ULX digno de nota é a fonte designada X-6. É o ULX mais fraco em NGC 1559, com uma luminosidade de raios-X no nível de 1,06 duodecilhões erg/s. Portanto, poderia cair no regime não ULX. Além disso, o X-6 possui índice de fótons maior que 2,5, o que indica uma possível origem térmica da emissão – ao contrário dos outros sete ULX que são sistemas não térmicos.
Os autores do artigo sublinharam que o NGC 1559 hospeda um número inesperadamente grande de ULXs. Eles oferecem poucas hipóteses que poderiam explicar essa superabundância dessas fontes na galáxia investigada.
"Tentamos explicar o excesso de ULXs usando os argumentos de baixa metalicidade ou starburst e comparamos com casos semelhantes de outras galáxias próximas . Infelizmente, ainda não há uma explicação satisfatória", concluíram os pesquisadores.
Mais informações: Chen-Hsun Ma et al, Chandra Observação de NGC 1559: Oito fontes ultraluminosas de raios X, incluindo um candidato binário compacto, arXiv (2023). DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.2308.06287
Informações do diário: arXiv