Pesquisa do Telescópio Espacial James Webb revela menos buracos negros supermassivos do que se supõe
Um estudo da Universidade do Kansas de uma faixa do cosmos usando o Telescópio Espacial James Webb revelou que núcleos galácticos ativos (AGN) – buracos negros supermassivos que estão a aumentar rapidamente de tamanho...
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)
Ilustração do núcleo galáctico ativo. Crédito: ESA/NASA/AVO/Paolo Padovani
Um estudo da Universidade do Kansas de uma faixa do cosmos usando o Telescópio Espacial James Webb revelou que núcleos galácticos ativos (AGN) – buracos negros supermassivos que estão a aumentar rapidamente de tamanho – são mais raros do que muitos astrónomos supunham anteriormente.
As descobertas, feitas com o Mid-Infrared Instrument (MIRI) do JWST, sugerem que o nosso universo pode ser um pouco mais estável do que se supunha. O trabalho também fornece informações sobre observações de galáxias fracas, suas propriedades e desafios na identificação de AGN.
Um novo artigo detalhando a pesquisa JWST, conduzida sob os auspícios do programa Cosmic Evolution Early Release Science (CEERS), foi disponibilizado no arXiv antes da publicação formal de revisão por pares no The Astrophysical Journal .
O trabalho, liderado por Allison Kirkpatrick, professora assistente de física e astronomia na KU, concentrou-se em uma zona do cosmos há muito estudada, chamada de Extended Groth Strip, localizada entre as constelações da Ursa Maior e Boötes. Mas os exames anteriores da área basearam-se numa geração menos poderosa de telescópios espaciais.
"Nossas observações foram feitas em junho e dezembro passados, e nosso objetivo era caracterizar a aparência das galáxias durante o apogeu da formação estelar no universo", disse Kirkpatrick. "Esta é uma retrospectiva de 7 a 10 bilhões de anos no passado. Usámos o instrumento de infravermelho médio do Telescópio Espacial James Webb para observar a poeira em galáxias que existiram há 10 mil milhões de anos atrás, e essa poeira pode ocultar a formação estelar em curso e pode ocultar buracos negros supermassivos em crescimento . Por isso, realizei a primeira pesquisa para procurar estes buracos negros supermassivos à espreita nos centros destas galáxias."
Embora cada galáxia apresente um buraco negro supermassivo no meio, os AGN são convulsões mais espetaculares que absorvem ativamente gases e mostram uma luminosidade ausente dos buracos negros típicos.
Kirkpatrick e muitos colegas astrofísicos previram que a pesquisa JWST de alta resolução localizaria muito mais AGN do que uma pesquisa anterior, conduzida com o Telescópio Espacial Spitzer. No entanto, mesmo com o aumento de potência e sensibilidade do MIRI, poucos AGN adicionais foram encontrados na nova pesquisa.
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YIddKt/LM3OEUMF8IoIO3gQH6euyiFNU/MH/GxhcXE4XW76rNwCIXPw0cEigK3YcwIG92yeB5DNZfJ4NBXp9cB4gD/VQ1TibV/xAMhRcCDUgKynbRwADIhyFNJeYYx/BYF5Zv5lmDZZZKZYVI77CA20So3U1oeCW5qACFymARYh4avMFdGGjBBeI+wgzJihSfIimwBB74/2MRKAhvO/2ixZBoTX3YiqbDAj7JCC3WKnZLkZqUrDmGFEbqACyvtf0sycCbSxErfvGUpsWagwUr4BR3n78oajeCsGtE+0FKuUrccpd2HtESWst8zPpqGrigmuSs7uAdRKfVXLL4ahrpKiEKsuCV9pqFRzXUsZtS8upUSXXUs6JUqVCuDap6pF9xmb3BS6epb5lsthC2gWsCi8pKMbaF38VEZAX1MaNMzLlpXvPvGFy1z8D4RsP5rKQC3F+2JhiaUxwwuVykDH2y8F6KzNCOHaVHMrm2Y5QXDIVAwWVX7zWpcgW+nlv+mFMpCvmsv6wTyCSx+QB7XmZj2YDYwLVBQwyyUlsRgQ2VlVLZjft6iCVKt8wqAHmWl1EpqP0SGGpMjK2SLY5+jaTu0LxeENcvGkSp4tshu5d/QBpvsj0axyNXHMtJbxTCA9tEzxmbJXX0XFWjsdkbs0dRcxeG4eURGmMubEQoFGv7I6Jr+9hi4fMZcSuotEJujmCUoG4lbgBaBwirKSBiCBUAWZ8RgQcSjRJZEUNBPBiBivkM/djTde9j9GZMBqsDuvHxGwyNG0fiMVGdpKfiIguoyyC2JhzAQa4D3ljC/L6hSlyud96mC+m2KYuGa3sozTaRSCq9VQJqXHivpqVpaoh0eT1vDbxpd+0FAbBjzbVXiGWp7G5bxEayLfUycVfXCx4GJeIkJ+F8JVsAXW9yipsdJG6wW8IqVtmdpixDkiiTJFIOpVtg9SyFURZudpBcBlYSPUh4DbLyql/SRRQJ5qP/ZeRD8FqWY0a9qEARezTEa9htEBKYyyZKBg1cNMX2mMdtKF7XqAqbML5INxVVf0HrYfaOFWvbFvfqIycEq3RAqANJVQ2HN/QCgsPlhABsxMB7xStvngxHeOEZUSt8OmJEfEtFD5lvE8REikxsvETB/aK7CxEaK6isA94ngyvCBTxHwSmIymPBTCewiFjWP9ExLiCncRolQ2txI5sloIzQrvALCwNlioStRpGUND5gAOajdvIvx5qAABrjB7Ifbv9odprqNYOsS8zDdLBuqXqQaI5ih1DcdzUB5ZLJtyF+p9ZGLt2MrtBnQvmK2/SZj6jcJ5P+hddHvMGuQUUHG+Hjrg36RhFTlgi3SUW38w2GqncJaRjq2e5LVzxnMO2KOot1jfvDRe536CfkfCWKWIePyphO08mGzA8BGMEtdy20oJngii4kIO8TDEchBwYqcwcon1OlpP9hpD3f4QDqjR+fEOFBCoqZublihR1KG41YjCuDU9ksKYjqGqFTcxfL4m2rq4b4m/qjXoAX8Sjq8efokwa7oqnIG/KOoxqjL7Q7/eCIgCkOyXLnzyQCoxw5lwq5cWEYw3QYK0VBTuPFSuH0EIhYKP60VYdf2QWTBMErmLcVp7RqocEIS1xK+4NkF0jeioEgdsR6hE6RCzBlwhx9oZhVkfYIDSs7P3YtbaLliGJPsMQaYrcU8MTExSjVSP7RKeW19I0lSrZgt/iLtwEffh9F45VYdRTpu/o3fb/icXLlrowNuvD6O5VcG2d1dguityqiVbO8cdc2pOuPmVbVjeS4iL23Gox+PQRZ1PyPhDQxn+yM3CsbcKiXLMFNsGo7Qc0RSVcKAWm5R8ixBilQBcewihmBGUKMP9Zej+6bxCwQOSFLRIBoyy8QqglAgC5lJCnKU1HbTizVau2CqfPJmWF01ErgxmULVtiBhBVKYTY2XuFg9DwcErWDW2JYc16O5SlaNN46cfaNAFErQwfMMp9FR6zeOHTcUOcy8MW6hVKvr7RYMKWmHt5Yo2QcJW4646lwLYnTO4LkUG329uNcLKuLq+CuGYMpi1/WjhXj/eOiViVUMQ3EqBMDEykQh+0QG9Qhf9USqGjBL9ds8pMmWMxtEUWmILhYDu4gqE2Y1Q0TJH4gtiVL+ZaRPhv4Y74Ke8b5ASaTLdWXmmwteh3ZFaP8xFn0dekPZn5l3l5v1YPxK7xElUMAm28QPiZdOst+69ckvDBYjCuPfjUWdwyXvga5FVW14uXhKz6/hc/M+EDb+eYbiVMGXiMbEBlYHiCmWMTUKZMXhWWySoVHylGEFHJmDNRsJYVLmRYBrMsagHMMlW3BDG6xGXBqvTT7lQ9JUSNkr72lxbFliVAuOPXf0KK9RC8uApT9MuWFFasE65z6Fvf0DERzK8V6SdD8xHj/PMs4inSOoLLxKWuLmJjBcBA7QlMGsBFuowRTBjmCsxXUatSnFQgqIt0RMB+ELF1EdczYRW3n+Hi3N49F8DUX6df/LIkcqY6ZS8lnid+upXofSQ3PxPhMhpTj72x1BotD5YLWeMMaoJ1UUhuqtxACJhGaILSgiCZuBq4rUFvcYilhYu4KTeZYgTPcGYTpO2pjslBAJwoUPaDrhlqEo8RwUsZ51uoeEWsWut1KUHYjXzLSVVtlhKX1ti1/CIiiUmz/4rj5lBitb4fRZWLXUoncoMiqPOvECFI6TaB2qvBMjCbKyRIK5kK3ERpKfVrqdTUN8WcdzrnqOihGQ6grICw0/EALiAv7j0lHuLR4C2Fa8Q3K4df1og0/6sLpFH5jRJDtgcEsqom0pful0zJbU8KEOYICkKVuF1FaWktMQNEsIsYgpmEhmC6uEUGLrGYH3iEwQlH2lPErbm++4hr/MgrJlVEfGHWIo1AANtukg/rpTopVU3fU04GbyVa7x9o5AFEGi+QCJmZJUUfUSwjSLaOolSvRThiv4J3PwHiC40W93XxDLR+07uIMUZh0rUwgpB8tzF9WuvUSp1O48HHXpwkRC6RHMQCQOnzHm6zBitn4Pwhjf5rBCiDGC4FsMSgmDZDGpqYohaZMwRGUlsAxHLBmLFjGjTwRhGkwJcVXHZCVF5iuYxlZB7VOsrERuEzFw1KvHFehE3wqb4ThVTSoy8cVcqvWRWnkKi1srFx9XcIZFdnx9PaOLGCWKX5ncSgLWUeQlTuVARWlAdxOwGkeuV2AOA4ZXoIbXhiqArRHh4Iqjq/mJ+J9sRlqLFJRKlSohCjkqGEuIYEKqZvEVqGZhKSorZfpMDEs6lCGkvSoKIrItzKIaEOtRUVmvGUVDeIIsAtDRnX8fGlS4Cwwyx6GbV6+5i0EFt4vlriJVnxn19z8x4+mRhKtnbLgjryopv3hZ7yrLQssqyJBKRsY4VVyrE4FGyPWrq1vjHceGENz8T4Qq/z3HLGBZFSnVeZTYXUEbEU84iZthXUyblkRUaS7IYIM1C2w6QerzFIhWUBLiiPcTEEYi9rAqMMRywKmEtnLVhfbKK204/b0LV5ht6ehDUW/U8bga/eDfGAjQUR+oFgQLyvUAHqQqyvp7UR+J3zUVEULZ0+KlDKU4DRWOL9b6MEtlmpTc073olH4+4KQcyuSUu+onlxLG49JbZJY1BaK4ueCrDBxNCm4ZVxd0LrBBxEzKEWscjGuXGCxFZilCMNB4/j9AzTLvfNc16s16MLC34lGenka9VcfkPH0yZmnglSuC9REUCPiB2PQEdgpGk4qaJWL4Zri8c1ghlxPw/hGOg/wB8FHjeJpEi8wxDiCQyyEcLSEuyoa7gVmbcQMZgMuMBo6iCOpFKJeZZzCA3KuYbhMTjH+n0EHUd/QHEz44Z3LPiE616KTZH1EMisV/H0yfvKQNYdRy3yNouu+De6iqtt+89/hKmGoCu/bzVsRf8kefmXjgpjuu/4QnuH87G+oq4jULuYRXDDHouKItuYYrMwYmJ3HCPdTHmZy2oQxEyLBsWXC4C0AuFlOpgx3O2ohPzfjiuTPBxSR5v0pvLrFTBPjMpXl9iN0TyPILqZt3mEovXv6u/qCbSvvFITg1K4OBcYGELt8cMAKrQHcdv3kZJc74ClUD8LEsKYniio129HUGdz8/4TK8/52A1BdRgO5kcEivENpxlzDCBCYPB3Eu5cJZUALiMGO24RnChpiy43K4uJlCye+ZOYQp01/pCLfq7jaehK9IoYZ3MLf2nvvvytqsoksXkt8MUst8AuvR3CFV1iv6hKEc9S4qUy5thyVHFURsTqL2I2q2vNxEFmsGgjZJTudxCkWtHoMMQqa/rSw9qP3Zj4xuEjpKg3UuMxwgzCXmPyDUYajVwCFUB1GCAuHUGKI4cihjYyxy5iUwqYlLMbpMDMA9zBCC414govH8XpFtRo8GxM0KupW1cEW/RX01mjvEQ8O6uJTXCfVGo2aiWptZUNwlRxt2dxjB9Qo2NPHe5b2rrgZiVhqfn/CYbcX/vCI1McDUU6IVa2JZUQN1xAyAVuOoWsSrEUlTv4rB1LmBuWG4ZcTaKwLgQlMsgl+Yrm0NjCFGsUC2pUY4xXUyRV4VMWKuPoPrEp4fjgaYrgDIrHe9PqjQwziMuLCPpIrqrPD6Baq+O4qAUMFYJVp/MQLX4sGDMpVcRmynKMkSJp4hSWpbuFiIlWoUMwrgiqmIZlqNcGmecUPBaVETcQSBTKEglLqUbjtolTcIpZ3DAIUQtCpUcoKysCnlFRKPVX1u5+L8PqJR8y8Q9ANXTR61muCUnORn5nwlXcRVcKvL7QXRS55dEQgz4W3vGsuBKIm4YrZm1hxSUuKQdQUxMyXbRFyZh7jeoFVU0JZG+ok5lDiBedS6Yx8QjGyBWSLbMubgGswdTyjKWFJifuV4lnDaiNoWkb+ehMD78LwMsUY8x0XfIEnTLEp2TMCl9Jky0RKLGyV9Lrhla2vSuFw6gLVDnWJ1fX0jtAQP3J3qXU75GOCobTX8yqgBBaW+3prjqHAEbQo/XlXCQx3vSP8vzFwivG1vUsBRRqVaRUS49pfIHeJ3mTcczaW9TLAW0zBLJM2pie0rLYbMNxYWHEpQ9rhUuGIC1SxlIYicveUzEQ3qCi8H+0t5jaK29d1j+42dkqDZaLTesHpFkaivkabJYGEW+K5oTNKsYDebVteNPAFfQC/iPsI+Gfk/GCfuTDPVYwefMqP2tWxditV7fSHCmMZ7z34RGlA7yRRhS0FZ+INqTnxEroPSZJa76i2wGLHlLgBSBat0QggBqmn1WKUKlKu5+V8Jh+HviEmbiYzKNuol3Fu2bYVcrOJQIBcZRepZQZdZDlxM1uHvMBKO4WQKuIT3JTp4jofLGZ2pU14bhCCUm0aVP04I/UGovpW5X0AXRFbDDMi032lShVdYb+P1Lwncp2xRkENjCvDCV08g5IhbBsj0MpXuIAUxvi+SVvPHcIIwAVaB1GKl003vSG/w9waj8SiNoIItRt1L3DGNWajRl+5aCabl94AEcsTLUUWxy1EIWWWATcB7ntC2vuYFsRpF3E8pWbqMGjHb/APyKscX6KtoijNr4dckFJdOonoAXHUti5+Z8PqLipfPcE1N3fZyAIw69OO2YyoSmKYqClniGSojL0ImPM/G+Exb88y7iXCEYPMAEwZa6ICELcAp4LEF7hhhZTUfEi3RZ4ohqOSOJbgQV4KiJvJKBHUDMZ3LDE0C0Xl8QgLcCpVlOauOPXVeivQJ0XGzDNn2LhlB0Nla9DDKUCrQ2N3yY1CAFiYdxQAWaULR9oA25clKV6+mZjxbfpqO+Bkg0ehcZY3vdfzL574CsNWTCCheV6ldisN70iPw+4p1CVuNnEulyxHwBZur9IzSQAlHMbgR6uV5ITlxUu0QsIhq0gdEAwsBUYD3YYAIo49pXSOouYZmAx2/OH6F8hbiIGRmGLL8RPA92CgKdAu5eECzq3ApswRwiPuMUmqHsN/RuM/I+P0xpgzuO98kUAKrQBNpGNCfFRp0ba8Pb0i7qsZiqyaG1ZkuXLly6mENYjPzvhMPwdwVaiO5mgXmIMYLRiUIIh+OAQMMyS4xN15YG0pwjpzBVBhgWruLQH94o5uZxlJ7Yrp4blTiCl/pBkYVsECXn2lDcPWjYISba+UTPpJQsvMJroFO3mFatodGYTkHsdxrgHwXURsM57mFmqO5Yo61cvVZRoWtcX67xKlV12fH6Zuaxyf44eVvPtFGOBbg9r8TOUKgsa6YnQEcKBOyMFfbbr83BGTMZs8hXio+a4YuL9D4vi8Ug5lMN12/CfkffjGDUFcBNLQGjzPdBAzM8x0uYjjBfmIYCdxWHbLVixBmFWgQZaXUBS0XbsjrAMQVt4iKTYlUCKsF4bYFVjg4XxcQMQTaabIkReoIJqMV5dEuqjwfDMEqmLChHafjXoSAgLOha/lm0D4jq+/aIrDc1W6z4jkYW+7dfwwNXVg+I8+A2w0edvSLD9JekQoOnUvkzEpfcFSzQX5H7RsRYxwstqral+ihKrivLog6QKsNvf9GU1zc/EePoCJNVvF6iko4VvVxodJuZiwFvvqWS1XTybI5cS9VQoLQu4ZWzdhtGdy5coAN2Nk7sF2XW5Y9sF1VcbLUOeLl9Q9KNq6gBfewmy48UE/AeEu/B3AuOgIqBLWIgAWR4ioCu1fiLFwe24hElXXjUfHUooqVeUWnEzXEFESBjFSi1qNoWKAg5MpUIagiIg2GhAUm1xY0tABn8ZdK/SY6la3GrgKOBVCtRF7K7QM3KpmV6hTGmOojFpfPxPvxc8pri2rHH6Rp6vnt0A47xDt3Bhfz5MsWF5b0KHwQEIQ6hu1x7voGkaH2TEq0iC4jYUfoQFmhWAftzcuMBKOgDBTfnEXVJqke9u+2ffm5cZgCsoqni/GNQw7RAG/bxuIooCjliMWsH6ZcuXMXagqZKbxFPNlhtSrlUYAAUPzBASCNezUDZgUUo3fFy53bqMamMK4NEpIHWlbjgnVy8XFJtDq+K0bsrP2imEveMv1j8x4VBLO5OCpb9o7u1rDg82sb+UXmWimMSmG67fhET2nVKPt7wFsfx+IDp+/8A8wGYNi0/1PxD+o8KFJ/4Rm0Psh/UsKV+z/IlbAJR03TCitC28SBeSysz/wBzAcyGr0mvRQBaEAm4qt3F+Eqrzk3VDTfSf9zAbiIbXZXiKGf1EUA1e6Af7paAfDhoCN7xdX7F4lZorKnn/WQYGSsrxCAoey9/qR9NJNMNan/aQEc9nfA5kBzdt0X3AJLuCrFbFv8AZHNG+hVLgtN0iPtMr/IltlsTKfv8z/vZiNQbHIcbKgV12ZuGrZT7EMJ1NwVWUCCkUis8JFo3O+DLxwVvI/vPy7+4sYKAoC/f5mXAQz/t/wDtAXKez/tPy7+4EJs/LcOPlkz+txdljF6CjXxP+qmJNnuh5j7oVJ33ebi7INQpan/bxRur4Uzj+/irf72AfF5TFX7+FdYLvbE/6CKA1e6f9xFP90/7CLN1RZFolIx/2UDBbf6eNfMF3vw6waUVjeAthTJKdQq6AH8QNH9l/kVfx/tAbr9F/kED4Uf5GLAldoFf/nH/AOv/AP/Z)
MIRI Pointing 1 (painel direito) ao lado das observações Spizter/IRAC (meio) e MIPS
(esquerda) da mesma região. Crédito: Kirkpatrick et al, arXiv (2023).
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.2308.09750
“Os resultados pareciam completamente diferentes do que eu esperava, o que me levou à minha primeira grande surpresa”, disse Kirkpatrick. "Uma revelação significativa foi a escassez de buracos negros supermassivos em rápido crescimento. Esta descoberta suscitou questões sobre o paradeiro destes objetos. Acontece que estes buracos negros estão provavelmente a crescer a um ritmo mais lento do que se acreditava anteriormente, o que é intrigante, considerando as galáxias que examinei assemelham-se à nossa Via Láctea do passado. Observações anteriores usando o Spitzer apenas nos permitiram estudar as galáxias mais brilhantes e massivas com buracos negros supermassivos de rápido crescimento, tornando-os fáceis de detectar."
Kirkpatrick disse que um mistério importante na astronomia reside na compreensão de como os típicos buracos negros supermassivos , como os encontrados em galáxias como a Via Láctea, crescem e influenciam a sua galáxia hospedeira.
“As descobertas do estudo sugerem que estes buracos negros não estão a crescer rapidamente, a absorver material limitado e talvez não a impactar significativamente as suas galáxias hospedeiras”, disse ela. "Esta descoberta abre uma perspectiva totalmente nova sobre o crescimento dos buracos negros, uma vez que o nosso conhecimento actual se baseia em grande parte nos buracos negros mais massivos nas maiores galáxias, que têm efeitos significativos nos seus hospedeiros, mas os buracos negros mais pequenos nestas galáxias provavelmente não têm efeitos significativos." não."
Outro resultado surpreendente foi a falta de poeira nestas galáxias, disse o astrónomo da KU.
“Ao usar o JWST, podemos identificar galáxias muito menores do que nunca, incluindo aquelas do tamanho da Via Láctea ou até menores, o que antes era impossível nesses redshifts (distâncias cósmicas)”, disse Kirkpatrick. "Normalmente, as galáxias mais massivas têm poeira abundante devido às suas rápidas taxas de formação estelar. Eu tinha assumido que as galáxias de menor massa também conteriam quantidades substanciais de poeira, mas isso não aconteceu, desafiando as minhas expectativas e oferecendo outra descoberta intrigante."
Segundo Kirkpatrick, o trabalho muda a compreensão de como as galáxias crescem, principalmente no que diz respeito à Via Láctea.
“Nosso buraco negro parece bastante tranquilo, não exibindo muita atividade”, disse ela. "Uma questão significativa em relação à Via Láctea é se alguma vez esteve activa ou se passou por uma fase AGN. Se a maioria das galáxias, como a nossa, não possui AGN detectável, isso pode implicar que o nosso buraco negro nunca esteve tão activo no passado. Em última análise, isto o conhecimento ajudará a restringir e medir as massas dos buracos negros, lançando luz sobre as origens do crescimento dos buracos negros, que permanecem uma questão sem resposta."
Kirkpatrick recentemente ganhou um novo tempo significativo no JWST para realizar uma pesquisa maior do campo Extended Groth Strip com o MIRI. Seu papel atual incluiu cerca de 400 galáxias. Sua próxima pesquisa (MEGA: MIRI EGS Galaxy e pesquisa AGN) incluirá cerca de 5.000 galáxias. A obra está prevista para janeiro de 2024.
Mais informações: Allison Kirkpatrick et al, CEERS Key Paper VII: JWST/MIRI revela uma fraca população de galáxias no meio-dia cósmico invisível por Spitzer, arXiv (2023). DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.2308.09750
Informações do periódico: Astrophysical Journal , arXiv