Pesquisadores brasileiros desenvolvem método para purificar água contaminada por glifosato
Pesquisadores da Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), no Brasil, desenvolveram uma estratégia para remover da água o glifosato, um dos herbicidas mais usados no mundo. Inspirada no conceito de economia circular, a técnica é baseada no..
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)
À esquerda: solução contendo celulose extraída do bagaço de cana. À direita: fibras em contato com material contaminado por glifosato e submetidas ao método de determinação de teores de glifosato em diferentes pHs. Crédito: Maria Vitória Guimarães Leal
Pesquisadores da Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), no Brasil, desenvolveram uma estratégia para remover da água o glifosato, um dos herbicidas mais usados no mundo. Inspirada no conceito de economia circular, a técnica é baseada no bagaço da cana-de-açúcar, resíduo produzido pelas usinas de açúcar e etanol.
“Fibras de bagaço de cana isoladas e quimicamente funcionalizadas podem ser utilizadas como material adsorvente. O glifosato adere à sua superfície e é removido como contaminante da água por filtração, decantação ou centrifugação”, disse Maria Vitória Guimarães Leal, à Agência FAPESP.
Ela é a primeira autora de um artigo sobre a pesquisa publicado na revista Pure and Applied Chemistry . A adsorção é um processo pelo qual moléculas dispersas em um meio líquido ou gasoso aderem a uma superfície sólida insolúvel, que normalmente é porosa.
Devido ao seu baixo custo e elevado potencial para aumentar o rendimento das colheitas , o glifosato é amplamente utilizado para controlar o crescimento de plantas indesejadas, tais como ervas daninhas, espécies invasoras e pragas agrícolas, mas estudos científicos demonstraram que pode ser um perigo para a saúde humana e em particular pode representar um risco de câncer.
A aplicação de produtos contendo glifosato é restrita ou proibida na Áustria, Bulgária, Colômbia, Costa Rica, Dinamarca, El Salvador, Alemanha e Grécia, entre outros países. No Brasil, porém, o uso anual desses produtos é em média de 173.150,75 toneladas. Parte deles é levada pela chuva para rios, poços e outros ambientes aquáticos.
Cientistas da Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia (FCT) da UNESP, em Presidente Prudente, encontraram uma forma de retirar produtos de glifosato da água em pesquisa liderada pelo pós-doutorado Guilherme Dognani e Aldo Eloizo Job, professor da FCT-UNESP.
Como funciona
Dognani explicou o procedimento. “O bagaço é triturado e a celulose isolada, separando-a da hemicelulose e da lignina. As fibras de celulose são então funcionalizadas pela adição de grupos quaternários de amônia à sua superfície para que o material fique carregado positivamente. " ele disse.
Leal acrescentou que existem certas condições favoráveis, como a variação do pH, que foi o foco do estudo. “Quando o pH é variado, tanto o material adsorvente quanto o glifosato apresentam configurações moleculares diferentes. O nível mais eficiente de interação entre eles, induzindo maior adsorção e, portanto, remoção ideal, é o pH 14”, disse.
Para avaliar a capacidade de adsorção , os pesquisadores prepararam frações de uma solução de glifosato com pH 2, 6, 10 e 14, medidos por meio de medidor de pH. Eles então adicionaram a cada fração quantidades idênticas de microfibra de celulose funcionalizada.
Os frascos com a solução contaminada por glifosato mais celulose foram agitados por 24 horas. De acordo com procedimento descrito na literatura, foram então aquecidos em banho-maria até ocorrer a reação, resfriados à temperatura ambiente e analisados por espectrofotometria de luz visível. A eficiência de remoção foi calculada como uma razão entre os níveis iniciais e finais de glifosato em cada amostra, e a capacidade de adsorção foi calculada em função do pH.
Mais informações: Maria Vitória Guimarães Leal et al, dependência do pH da adsorção de glifosato em solução aquosa utilizando biossorvente de microfibras de celulose catiônicas (cCMF), Pure and Applied Chemistry (2023). DOI: 10.1515/pac-2022-1205