A massa revisitada da Via Láctea é muito menor do que as expectativas da cosmologia
Graças ao mais recente catálogo do satélite Gaia da Agência Espacial Europeia (ESA), uma equipa internacional liderada por astrónomos do Observatório de Paris – PSL e do CNRS conseguiu a medição mais precisa da massa da Via Láctea. Este estudo...
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)
A curva de rotação da Via Láctea representando a velocidade de rotação circular das estrelas em função da distância ao centro galáctico. Os pontos brancos e as barras de erro representam as medidas obtidas no catálogo Gaia DR3. A curva azul representa o melhor ajuste da curva de rotação por um modelo que inclui matéria comum e matéria escura. A parte amarela da curva mostra o declínio Kepleriano com V diminuindo como R-1/2, que começa além do disco óptico da nossa galáxia. Isso significa que além do disco óptico da galáxia, sua atração gravitacional é semelhante à de uma massa pontual. Uma velocidade de rotação constante é rejeitada com uma probabilidade de 99,7%. Crédito: Jiao, Hammer et al. / Observatório de Paris—PSL / CNRS / ESA / Gaia / ESO / S. Brunier
Graças ao mais recente catálogo do satélite Gaia da Agência Espacial Europeia (ESA), uma equipa internacional liderada por astrónomos do Observatório de Paris – PSL e do CNRS conseguiu a medição mais precisa da massa da Via Láctea. Este estudo abre questões importantes na cosmologia, particularmente sobre a quantidade de matéria escura contida na nossa galáxia.
A massa total da Via Láctea é estimada em apenas duzentos mil milhões de vezes a do Sol (2,06 x 10 11 massas solares), marcando uma revisão descendente significativa – aproximadamente quatro a cinco vezes inferior às estimativas anteriores.
Este novo valor foi derivado do terceiro lançamento de dados do catálogo Gaia publicado em 2022 , que fornece dados abrangentes para 1,8 mil milhões de estrelas, abrangendo todas as três componentes espaciais e três componentes de velocidade num espaço de seis dimensões dentro da Via Láctea.
A suportável leveza da Via Láctea
Usando os dados do Gaia, os cientistas foram capazes de construir a curva de rotação mais precisa já observada para uma galáxia espiral , neste caso a nossa própria galáxia, e deduzir a sua massa. Antes de Gaia, obter uma curva de rotação robusta para a nossa galáxia era um desafio, ao contrário do caso das galáxias espirais externas . Este desafio resultou da nossa posição na Via Láctea, que tornou impossível distinguir com precisão os movimentos e distâncias das estrelas no disco galáctico.
Em seu estudo publicado em 27 de setembro de 2023, na revista Astronomy and Astrophysics , os cientistas descobriram que a curva de rotação da nossa galáxia é atípica: ao contrário daquelas determinadas para outras grandes galáxias espirais, ela não é plana.
Pelo contrário, na periferia do disco da galáxia, esta curva começa a diminuir rapidamente, seguindo a previsão conhecida como declínio Kepleriano.
Questionando a cosmologia
A obtenção de uma curva de rotação para a Via Láctea que exiba um declínio Kepleriano exige que a nossa galáxia seja situada dentro de uma estrutura cosmológica.
Na verdade, um dos maiores avanços na astronomia moderna foi a constatação de que as velocidades de rotação dos grandes discos das galáxias espirais eram muito mais rápidas do que seria de esperar de um declínio Kepleriano. Na década de 1970, os astrônomos Vera Rubin, que utilizou observações de gás ionizado, e Albert Bosma, que estudou gás neutro, demonstraram que a velocidade de rotação das galáxias espirais permanece constante, muito além dos seus discos ópticos.
A consequência imediata desta descoberta foi a proposição da existência de matéria escura —adicional à matéria observável—distribuída num halo que circunda os discos das galáxias espirais . Sem esta matéria escura , as curvas de rotação teriam seguido um declínio denominado "Kepleriano". Este último indica a ausência de quantidades significativas de matéria fora do disco óptico.
Mais informações: Y.-J. Jiao et al, Detecção do declínio Kepleriano na curva de rotação da Via Láctea, Astronomia e Astrofísica (2023). DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/202347513 . No arXiv : DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.2309.00048
Informações do periódico: Astronomia e Astrofísica , arXiv