O caa³tico e perigoso redemoinho de fogo se transformou em uma chama de fogo mansa e limpa que eles chamam de 'redemoinho azul'.
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)
Redemoinhos azuis são um fena´meno de chama espiralada que evolui de um redemoinho de fogo caa³tico e queima com uma combustão quase sem fuligem. As simulações do supercomputador revelaram a estrutura da chama e a estrutura do fluxo do redemoinho azul. (A) Renderização de volume da taxa de liberação de calor das simulações numanãricas. (B) Diagrama esquema¡tico que resume um resultado final da simulação de redemoinho azul mostrando a combinação de três tipos diferentes de chama. (C) Redemoinho azul observado. Crédito: H. Xiao, Universidade de Ciência e Tecnologia da China.
Um raio atingiu um depa³sito de bourbon, incendiando um esconderijo de 800.000 galaµes de bebida alcoa³lica na zona rural de Bardstown, no Kentucky, em 2003. Parte dela se espalhou em um riacho pra³ximo, gerando um enorme tornado de incaªndio, ou 'bourbonado', conforme relatado localmente.
O vadeo aanãreo inspirou cientistas a investigar redemoinhos de fogo, tornados de fogo, como algo promissor para remediação de derramamento de a³leo porque os hidrocarbonetos queimavam com relativamente pouca fuligem.
Suas investigações de turbilha£o de fogo no laboratório os levaram a encontrar algo que os surpreendeu. O caa³tico e perigoso redemoinho de fogo se transformou em uma chama de fogo mansa e limpa que eles chamam de 'redemoinho azul'.
Um de seus descobridores estãoagora em uma equipe de ciência usando supercomputadores alocados pelo Extreme Science and Engineering Discovery Environment (XSEDE) para revelar a estrutura do redemoinho azul, um novo tipo de chama que consiste em quatro chamas separadas. Os cientistas esperam que redemoinhos azuis possam um dia ser usados ​​para queimar combustaveis de forma mais limpa.
"A principal descoberta deste novo estudo computacional éque agora conhecemos a estrutura principal do redemoinho azul", disse Elaine Oran, professora e presidente VI da O'Donnell Foundation, Departamento de Engenharia Aeroespacial da Texas A&M University. Oran éco-descobridor do redemoinho azul e coautor de um estudo sobre sua estrutura publicado em PNAS , agosto de 2020. "Sabemos que éuma combinação de muitos tipos de chamas que se juntam e se formam provavelmente nas mais configuração ideal para queima, que já havaamos visto antes. "
Um redemoinho azul ésemelhante a uma chama azul girata³ria que se parece com o topo de um brinquedo de criana§a. Oran diz que o topo dele tem o mesmo formato do chapanãu seletor de Harry Potter. A maior parte de sua queima ocorre ao longo de uma borda azul muito brilhante que gira.
Os pesquisadores usaram dados experimentais do estudo de 2016 que primeiro descobriu o redemoinho azul. A configuração experimental consistia em dois semicilindros e uma panela cilandrica de aa§o inoxida¡vel cheia de a¡gua. Um combustavel laquido, n-heptano, foi derramado nasuperfÍcie da águaparada no centro da panela e então foi aceso. Dois semicilindros de quartzo foram suspensos sobre a panela. Compensar os semicilindros criou duas fendas verticais que permitiam que o ar fosse puxado tangencialmente a regia£o da chama, comumente usada para criar redemoinhos de fogo para estudo em laboratório.
Uma piscina caa³tica de incaªndio se formou a princapio. O ar frio puxado para dentro da ca¢mara criou um forte fluxo vertical, em seguida, criou um turbilha£o de fogo alto e intenso. Então, inesperadamente, desabou na calma estrutura de uma chama de redemoinho azul.
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"Estudamos a estrutura dessa nova chama por meio de simulação numanãrica e descobrimos o tipo de queima e onde ocorre", disse o co-autor do estudo Xiao Zhang, pesquisador pa³s-doutorado do Departamento de Engenharia Aeroespacial da Texas A&M University , que trabalha para Oran.
As simulações do supercomputador ajudaram a desvendar a estrutura do redemoinho azul, que acabou sendo feito de três tipos de chamas. Na parte inferior estãouma chama pré-misturada rica, coroada no topo com uma chama de difusão roxa em forma de chapanãu. As simulações revelaram uma chama oculta em torno da nanãvoa roxa, do lado de fora da chama de difusão. As três chamas se combinam em uma chama tripla que forma sua borda brilhante.
A imagem composta mostra a estrutura do fluxo. Fatias no centro do domanio
computacional e valores selecionados para diagnósticos de fluxo. (A) Simplifica.
(B) Velocidade tangencial. (C) Velocidade axial. Os contornos da taxa de liberação
de calor são sobrepostos na parte superior para indicar as regiaµes de reação.
Fatias são mostradas para uma regia£o com zoom de 6 cm de largura. (D) Gra¡fico
de linha de velocidade tangencial obtido abaixo do redemoinho azul da
linha tracejada branca em (B), mostrado para toda a largura do
domanio computacional. Crédito: Chung et al., Sei. Adv. 2020.
Os cientistas enfrentaram alguns desafios ao simular as chamas.
"O redemoinho azul nos experimentos [de laboratório] evoluiu e se desenvolveu por si mesmo", disse Zhang. Os diagnósticos dos experimentos foram limitados, o que não nos deu condições suficientes para comea§ar os ca¡lculos. Comea§amos com uma caça numanãrica. "
Eles desenvolveram novos algoritmos que podem simular fluxos de baixo número de Mach com eficiência e implementaram os algoritmos em um ca³digo de dina¢mica de fluidos computacional que resolve as equações de fluxo insta¡veis, compressaveis e reativas de Navier-Stokes. Usando esse ca³digo, eles exploraram os efeitos dos parametros de controle, como tamanhos e velocidades de entrada de combustavel e ar. Eventualmente, eles foram capazes de capturar o redemoinho azul em suas simulações.
"Essas simulações do redemoinho azul envolveram maºltiplas escalas no tempo e no Espaço", disse Zhang. "Tambanãm precisa¡vamos modelar física maºltipla e a química de hidrocarbonetos pesados. Isso pode ser muito difacil e caro de calcular. Além disso, queraamos manter a dina¢mica 3-D dessa nova chama. Esses aspectos 3-D adicionaram mais custo para o ca¡lculo. "
Os cientistas receberam atribuições de supercomputadores no XSEDE, financiado pela National Science Foundation. Por meio do XSEDE, eles fizeram uso do supercomputador Stampede2 e do sistema de armazenamento de dados Ranch no Texas Advanced Computing Center.
Supercomputador Stampede2 no TACC alocado por meio do Extreme Science and
Engineering Discovery Environment financiado pela NSF. Crédito: TACC
As simulações para a caça numanãrica e a simulação de redemoinho azul final consumiram 4 milhões de horas de CPU distribuadas no sistema Deepthought2 da Universidade de Maryland; o sistema Thunder do Laborata³rio de Pesquisa da Fora§a Aanãrea; e Stampede2, responsável por cerca de 23 mil horas de na³ em seus nosSkylake.
Além da estrutura da chama, os cientistas também observaram a estrutura do fluxo do redemoinho azul, que envolvia um fena´meno de dina¢mica de fluidos denominado quebra de va³rtice. Basicamente, a caa³tica chama amarela girata³ria colapsa em um 'modo de bolha' de quebra do va³rtice e forma o redemoinho azul.
"O que mais me surpreendeu foi como ele evoluiu a partir do redemoinho de fogo", explicou Oran. "Um redemoinho de fogo éum monstro, uma coisa devastadora. Então, de repente, ele se transforma em uma pequena chama silenciosa e minaºscula, sem turbulaªncia. No processo de formação, vocêviu todos esses modos dina¢micos fluidos de quebra de va³rtice, que éum belo fena´meno de fluido que vocêpode ver nos va³rtices se desprendendo da asa de um avia£o. "
Os pesquisadores esperam que uma maior compreensão do redemoinho azul possa ajudar os cientistas a desenvolver maneiras de queimar combustaveis de maneira mais limpa. "Pode ser uma nova maneira de extrair energia dos combustaveis fa³sseis tradicionais com o manimo de fuligem, poluição reduzida e impacto ambiental", disse Zhang.
Oran enfatizou que a serendipidade desempenhou um grande papel na descoberta do fena´meno do redemoinho azul.
Disse Oran: "Acho importante explorar, seguir sua curiosidade e experimentar novas ideias. Se nunca tivanãssemos visto, por exemplo, o incaªndio no lago em Kentucky, quando todo o bourbon caiu no lago ali e rela¢mpago acendeu-o e formou redemoinhos de fogo no lago, nunca teraamos encontrado o redemoinho azul. Cada vez que vocêolha para debaixo do tapete, vocêencontra algo novo. Um novo inseto, uma nova chama . "