O Planeta Vermelho estãomuito frio; a águaque não estãocongelada quase com certeza estãocheia de sal do solo marciano, o que reduz sua temperatura de congelamento.
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)
Domanio paºblico
Quando se trata de águae Marte, háboas notacias e notacias não tão boas. A boa notacia: há águaem Marte! As notacias não tão boas?
Ha¡ águaem Marte.
O Planeta Vermelho estãomuito frio; a águaque não estãocongelada quase com certeza estãocheia de sal do solo marciano, o que reduz sua temperatura de congelamento.
Vocaª não pode beber águasalgada , e o manãtodo usual usando eletricidade (eletra³lise) para quebra¡-la em oxigaªnio (para respirar) e hidrogaªnio (como combustavel) requer a remoção do sal; um empreendimento pesado e caro em um ambiente hostil e perigoso.
Se o oxigaªnio e o hidrogaªnio pudessem ser coagidos diretamente da águasalgada, no entanto, o processo de eletra³lise da salmoura seria muito menos complicado - e menos caro.
Engenheiros da Escola de Engenharia McKelvey da Universidade de Washington em St. Louis desenvolveram um sistema que faz exatamente isso. Sua pesquisa foi publicada hoje no Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ( PNAS ).
A equipe de pesquisa, liderada por Vijay Ramani, o Roma B. e Raymond H. Wittcoff Distinguished University Professor no Departamento de Energia, Engenharia Ambiental e Química, não validou simplesmente seu sistema de eletra³lise de salmoura sob condições terrestres tapicas; o sistema foi examinado em uma atmosfera marciana simulada a -33 F (-36 C).
"Nosso eletrolisador de salmoura marciano muda radicalmente o ca¡lculo logastico das missaµes a Marte e além ", disse Ramani. "Esta tecnologia éigualmente útil na Terra, onde abre os oceanos como uma fonte via¡vel de oxigaªnio e combustavel "
No vera£o de 2008, o ma³dulo Phoenix Mars Lander da NASA "tocou e provou" a águamarciana, vapores do gelo derretido escavados pelo ma³dulo de pouso. Desde então, o Mars Express da Agência Espacial Europeia descobriu várias lagoas subterra¢neas de águaque permanecem no estado laquido graças a presença de perclorato de magnanãsio - sal.
Para viver - mesmo temporariamente - em Marte, sem falar no retorno a Terra, os astronautas precisara£o fabricar algumas das necessidades, incluindo águae combustavel, no Planeta Vermelho. O rover Perseverance da NASA estãoa caminho de Marte agora, carregando instrumentos que usara£o eletra³lise de alta temperatura. No entanto, o Experimento de Utilização de Recursos In-Situ de Oxigaªnio de Marte (MOXIE) produzira¡ apenas oxigaªnio, a partir do dia³xido de carbono do ar.
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O sistema desenvolvido no laboratório de Ramani pode produzir 25 vezes mais oxigaªnio que o MOXIE usando a mesma quantidade de energia. Ele também produz hidrogaªnio, que poderia ser usado para alimentar a viagem de volta aos astronautas.
"Nosso novo eletrolisador de salmoura incorpora um a¢nodo pirocloro de rutenato de chumbo desenvolvido por nossa equipe em conjunto com um ca¡todo de platina em carbono", disse Ramani. "Esses componentes cuidadosamente projetados, juntamente com o uso ideal dos princapios tradicionais de engenharia eletroquímica, renderam esse alto desempenho ."
O design cuidadoso e o a¢nodo exclusivo permitem que o sistema funcione sem a necessidade de aquecer ou purificar a fonte de a¡gua.
"Paradoxalmente, o perclorato dissolvido na a¡gua, as chamadas impurezas, na verdade ajudam em um ambiente como o de Marte", disse Shrihari Sankarasubramanian, pesquisador do grupo de Ramani e co-autor do artigo.
"Eles evitam que a águacongele", disse ele, "e também melhoram o desempenho do sistema eletrolisador, reduzindo a resistência elanãtrica."
Normalmente, os eletrolisadores de águausam águadesionizada altamente purificada, o que aumenta o custo do sistema. Um sistema que pode funcionar com água"abaixo do ideal" ou salgada, como a tecnologia demonstrada pela equipe de Ramani, pode aumentar significativamente a proposta de valor econa´mico dos eletrolisadores de águaem todos os lugares - atémesmo aqui no planeta Terra.
"Tendo demonstrado esses eletrolisadores sob condições marcianas exigentes, pretendemos também implanta¡-los em condições muito mais amenas na Terra para utilizar alimentação de águasalobra ou salgada para produzir hidrogaªnio e oxigaªnio, por exemplo, por eletra³lise da águado mar", disse Pralay Gayen, um associado de pesquisa de pa³s-doutorado no grupo de Ramani e também co-primeiro autor deste estudo.
Essas aplicações podem ser aºteis no domanio da defesa, criando oxigaªnio sob demanda em submarinos, por exemplo. Tambanãm pode fornecer oxigaªnio a medida que exploramos ambientes desconhecidos mais perto de casa, no fundo do mar.
As tecnologias subjacentes que permitem o sistema eletrolisador de salmoura são objeto de pedido de patente por meio do Office of Technology Management e estãodisponíveis para licenciamento na universidade.