O GRANTECAN descobre o maior aglomerado de gala¡xias conhecido no inicio do universo
Aglomerados de gala¡xias são grupos de gala¡xias que permanecem juntas devido a aa§a£o da gravidade. Para entender a evolua§a£o dessas
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)
O aglomerado de gala¡xias estudado em formação, a 12,5 bilhaµes de anos-luz de nós. Os carculos indicam os novos membros descobertos com o GTC, 4 deles são mostrados em detalhes. Crédito: NASA / ESA / GOODS-N + 3DHST + Equipe CANDELS / Daniel La³pez / IAC
Um estudo, liderado por investigadores do Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC) e realizado com o OSIRIS, um instrumento do Gran Telescopio Canarias (GTC), encontrou o aglomerado de gala¡xias em formação mais densamente povoado do universo primitivo. Os pesquisadores prevaªem que essa estrutura, que estãoa 12,5 bilhaµes de anos-luz de nós, tera¡ evoluado tornando-se um aglomerado semelhante ao de Virgem, vizinho do Grupo Local de gala¡xias ao qual pertence a Via La¡ctea. O estudo estãopublicado na revista especializada Avisos Mensais da Royal Astronomical Society (MNRAS) .
Aglomerados de gala¡xias são grupos de gala¡xias que permanecem juntas devido a ação da gravidade. Para entender a evolução dessas "cidades de gala¡xias", os cientistas procuram estruturas em formação, os chamados protoclusters de gala¡xias, no inicio do universo.
Em 2012, uma equipe internacional de astrônomos fez uma determinação precisa da distância da gala¡xia HDF850.1, conhecida como uma das gala¡xias com a maior taxa de formação de estrelas no universo observa¡vel. Para sua surpresa, os cientistas também descobriram que esta gala¡xia, que éuma das regiaµes mais estudadas do canãu, conhecida como Hubble Deep Field / GOODS-North, faz parte de um grupo de cerca de uma daºzia de protogala¡xias que se formaram durante o primeiros bilhaµes de anos de história ca³smica. Antes de sua descoberta, apenas um outro grupo primordial semelhante era conhecido.
Agora, graças a uma nova pesquisa com o instrumento OSIRIS no Gran Telescopio Canarias (GTC, ou GRANTECAN), a equipe mostrou que éuma das regiaµes mais densamente povoadas de gala¡xias no Universo primitivo, e tem por pela primeira vez realizou um estudo detalhado das propriedades físicas deste sistema. “Surpreendentemente descobrimos que todos os membros do aglomerado estudado atéagora, cerca de duas dezenas, são gala¡xias com formação estelar normal, e que a gala¡xia central parece dominar a produção de estrelas nesta estrutura†explica Rosa Calvi, ex- pesquisadora pa³s-doutoranda do IAC e primeira autora do artigo.
Testemunhas da infa¢ncia do Universo local
Este estudo recente mostra que este aglomerado de gala¡xias em formação éformado por vários componentes, ou "zonas" com diferenças em sua evolução. Os astrônomos preveem que essa estrutura mudara¡ gradativamente atése tornar um aglomerado de gala¡xias semelhante a Virgem, regia£o central do superaglomerado de mesmo nome em que estãosituado o Grupo Local de gala¡xias ao qual pertence a Via La¡ctea. “Vemos esta cidade em construção como há12.500 milhões de anos atrás, quando o Universo tinha menos de 10% de sua idade atual, então estamos vendo a infa¢ncia de um aglomerado de gala¡xias como as que são tipicas do Universo local†observa Helmut Dannerbauer, pesquisador do IAC que écoautor deste artigo.
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A distância medida a essas fontes estudadas concorda perfeitamente com as previsaµes baseadas em observações fotomanãtricas feitas anteriormente no GRANTECAN por Pablo Arrabal Haro, ex-aluno de doutorado do IAC, orientado por JoséMiguel Rodraguez Espinosa, pesquisador do IAC e secreta¡rio-geral adjunto do Internacional Unia£o Astrona´mica (IAU), e Casiana Mua±oz-Tua±a³n, pesquisadora e Diretora Adjunta do IAC, todas coautoras do presente artigo. Arrabal desenvolveu um manãtodo para selecionar gala¡xias com taxas normais de formação de estrelas, baseado no levantamento fotomanãtrico SHARDS (Levantamento para High-z Absorption Red and Dead Sources), um Grande Programa do Observatório Europeu do Sul (ESO) realizado no GTC. "
O programa SHARDS foi liderado por Pablo Panãrez-Gonza¡lez, pesquisador do Centro de Astrobiologaa (CAB, CSIC-INTA) e também autor do artigo. Como explica Panãrez-Gonza¡lez, "medir exatamente como essas estruturas estãose formando, especialmente no inicio do Universo, não éfa¡cil, e precisamos de dados excepcionais como os que estamos obtendo com o telesca³pio GTC como parte da fronteira SHARDS e SHARDS Projetos de campos, que nos permitem determinar distâncias atégala¡xias e entre gala¡xias na borda do Universo com uma precisão nunca antes alcana§ada. "
Além disso, Stefan Geier, astra´nomo de apoio do GTC e co-autor do artigo, destaca que "este resultado altamente surpreendente não teria sido possível sem a extraordina¡ria capacidade da OSIRIS junto com a grande área de coleta do GRANTECAN, o maior a³ptico e infravermelho telesca³pio do mundo. "
O Gran Telescopio Canarias e os Observatórios do Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC) fazem parte da rede de Singular Scientific and Technical Infrastructures of Spain.