Quasares são objetos muito brilhantes que ficam no centro de algumas gala¡xias e são alimentados por buracos negros supermassivos. Amedida que o buraco negro consome o gás circundante, a energia éliberada
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A impressão deste artista mostra como o quasar distante P172 + 18 e seus jatos de ra¡dio podem ter se parecido. Atéa data (inicio de 2021), este éo quasar mais distante com jactos de ra¡dio alguma vez encontrado e foi estudado com a ajuda do Very Large Telescope do ESO. a‰ tão distante que sua luz viajou por cerca de 13 bilhaµes de anos para nos alcana§ar: nosa vemos como era quando o Universo tinha apenas 780 milhões de anos. Crédito: ESO / M. Kornmesser
Com a ajuda do Very Large Telescope do European Southern Observatory (ESO's VLT), os astrônomos descobriram e estudaram em detalhes a fonte mais distante de emissão de ra¡dio conhecida atéhoje. A fonte éum quasar "ra¡dio-alto" - um objeto brilhante com poderosos jatos emitindo em comprimentos de onda de ra¡dio - que estãotão longe que sua luz levou 13 bilhaµes de anos para chegar aténós. A descoberta pode fornecer pistas importantes para ajudar os astrônomos a entender o Universo primitivo.
Quasares são objetos muito brilhantes que ficam no centro de algumas gala¡xias e são alimentados por buracos negros supermassivos. Amedida que o buraco negro consome o gás circundante, a energia éliberada, permitindo que os astrônomos os localizem mesmo quando estãomuito distantes.
O quasar recanãm-descoberto, apelidado de P172 + 18, estãotão distante que a luz dele viajou por cerca de 13 bilhaµes de anos para chegar aténós: noso vemos como era quando o Universo tinha cerca de 780 milhões de anos. Embora quasares mais distantes tenham sido descobertos, esta éa primeira vez que os astrônomos foram capazes de identificar as assinaturas reveladoras de jatos de ra¡dio em um quasar no inicio da história do Universo. Apenas cerca de 10% dos quasares - que os astrônomos classificam como "ra¡dio-alto" - tem jatos, que brilham intensamente nas frequências de ra¡dio .
P172 + 18 éalimentado por um buraco negro cerca de 300 milhões de vezes mais massivo do que o nosso Sol, que estãoconsumindo gás a uma taxa impressionante. "O buraco negro estãocomendo matéria muito rapidamente, crescendo em massa a uma das taxas mais altas já observadas", explica a astra´noma Chiara Mazzucchelli, bolsista do ESO no Chile, que liderou a descoberta junto com Eduardo Baa±ados do Instituto Max Planck de Astronomia Na Alemanha.
Os astrônomos acham que háuma ligação entre o rápido crescimento de buracos negros supermassivos e os poderosos jatos de ra¡dio localizados em quasares como o P172 + 18. Acredita-se que os jatos sejam capazes de perturbar o gás ao redor do buraco negro, aumentando a taxa em que o gás cai. Portanto, estudar quasares com ruado alto pode fornecer informações importantes sobre como os buracos negros no inicio do Universo atingiram seus tamanhos supermassivos. rapidamente após o Big Bang.
"Acho muito empolgante descobrir 'novos' buracos negros pela primeira vez e fornecer mais um bloco de construção para compreender o Universo primordial, de onde viemos e, finalmente, nosmesmos", diz Mazzucchelli.
P172 + 18 foi inicialmente reconhecido como um quasar distante, após ter sido previamente identificado como uma fonte de ra¡dio, no Telescópio Magalha£es no Observatório Las Campanas no Chile por Baa±ados e Mazzucchelli. “Assim que obtivemos os dados, fizemos uma inspeção visual e soubemos imediatamente que havaamos descoberto o mais distante quasar de alta potaªncia que se conhecia atéagoraâ€, diz Baa±ados.
Poranãm, devido ao curto tempo de observação, a equipe não possuaa dados suficientes para estudar o objeto em detalhes. Seguiu-se uma enxurrada de observações com outros telesca³pios, inclusive com o instrumento X-shooter no VLT do ESO, que lhes permitiu aprofundar as caracteristicas deste quasar, incluindo a determinação de propriedades-chave, como a massa do buraco negro e a velocidade com que ele estãose alimentando a matéria de seus arredores. Outros telesca³pios que contribuaram para o estudo incluem o Very Large Array do National Radio Astronomy Observatory e o Keck Telescope nos Estados Unidos.
Enquanto a equipe estãoanimada com a descoberta, de aparecer no The Astrophysical Journal , eles acreditam que este quasar com ruado alto pode ser o primeiro de muitos a ser encontrado, talvez em distâncias cosmola³gicas ainda maiores. “Essa descoberta me deixa otimista e acredito - e espero - que o recorde de distância seja quebrado em breveâ€, diz Baa±ados.
As observações com instalações como o ALMA, em que o ESO éum parceiro, e com o pra³ximo Extremely Large Telescope (ELT) do ESO podem ajudar a descobrir e estudar mais detalhadamente esses objetos do Universo primitivo.
Esta pesquisa éapresentada no artigo "A descoberta de um quasar de alta acreção e ra¡dio-alto em z = 6,82", que serápublicado no The Astrophysical Journal .