A pesquisa, publicada este maªs no The Astrophysical Journal , foi liderada pelo estudante Spencer Hurt da Universidade do Colorado em Boulder, um graduando do Departamento de Ciências Astrofísicas e Planeta¡rias.
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)
Vega éa quinta estrela mais brilhante, excluindo o sol, que pode ser vista da Terra. Crédito: imagem CC de Stephen Rahn via Wikimedia Commons
Os astrônomos descobriram novos indacios de um planeta gigante e escaldante orbitando Vega, uma das estrelas mais brilhantes do canãu noturno.
A pesquisa, publicada este maªs no The Astrophysical Journal , foi liderada pelo estudante Spencer Hurt da Universidade do Colorado em Boulder, um graduando do Departamento de Ciências Astrofísicas e Planeta¡rias.
Ele se concentra em uma estrela ica´nica e relativamente jovem, Vega, que faz parte da constelação de Lyra e tem uma massa duas vezes maior que a do nosso pra³prio sol. Este corpo celestial fica a apenas 25 anos-luz, ou cerca de 150 trilhaµes de milhas, da Terra - bem perto, astronomicamente falando.
Os cientistas também podem ver Vega com telesca³pios mesmo quando a luz estãoapagada, o que o torna um dos principais candidatos para pesquisas, disse o coautor do estudo, Samuel Quinn.
"a‰ brilhante o suficiente para que vocêpossa observa¡-lo no crepaºsculo, quando outras estrelas estãosendo apagadas pela luz solar", disse Quinn, astra´nomo do Harvard and Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics (CfA).
Apesar da fama da estrela, os pesquisadores ainda não encontraram um aºnico planeta em a³rbita ao redor de Vega. Isso pode estar prestes a mudar: com base em uma década de observações terrestres, Hurt, Quinn e seus colegas descobriram um sinal curioso que poderia ser o primeiro mundo conhecido da estrela.
Se as descobertas da equipe confirmarem, o planeta alienagena orbitaria tão perto de Vega que seus anos durariam menos de dois dias e meio na Terra. (Mercaºrio, ao contra¡rio, leva 88 dias para circundar o sol). Este planeta candidato também pode ser classificado como o segundo mundo mais quente conhecido pela ciência - com temperaturas desuperfÍcie em média 5.390 graus Fahrenheit.
Hurt disse que a pesquisa do grupo também ajuda a identificar onde outros mundos exa³ticos podem estar se escondendo na vizinhana§a de Vega.
"Este éum sistema massivo, muito maior do que nosso pra³prio sistema solar", disse Hurt. "Pode haver outros planetas em todo o sistema. a‰ apenas uma questãode saber se podemos detecta¡-los."
Representação artastica de um planeta chamado KELT-9b, atualmente o exoplaneta conhecido mais quente, que pode se assemelhar a um mundo candidato em a³rbita ao
redor de Vega. Crédito: NASA / JPL-Caltech
Energia jovem
Quinn gostaria de tentar. Os cientistas descobriram mais de 4.000 exoplanetas, ou planetas além do sistema solar da Terra, atéo momento. Poucos deles, no entanto, circundam estrelas que são tão brilhantes ou tão próximas da Terra quanto Vega. Isso significa que, se houver planetas ao redor da estrela, os cientistas podem ter uma visão realmente detalhada deles.
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"Seria muito emocionante encontrar um planeta ao redor de Vega porque ele oferece possibilidades de caracterização futura de uma forma que os planetas ao redor de estrelas mais fracas não ofereceriam", disse Quinn.
Sa³ háum problema: Vega éo que os cientistas chamam de estrela do tipo A, o nome de objetos que tendem a ser maiores, mais jovens e girar muito mais rápido do que nosso pra³prio sol. Vega, por exemplo, gira em torno de seu eixo uma vez a cada 16 horas - muito mais rápido do que o sol com um período de rotação que atinge 27 dias terrestres. Um ritmo tão rápido, disse Quinn, pode tornar difacil para os cientistas coletar dados precisos sobre o movimento da estrela e, por extensão, quaisquer planetas em a³rbita ao redor dela.
Para entrar naquele jogo de esconde-esconde celestial, ele e seus colegas estudaram cerca de 10 anos de dados sobre Vega coletados pelo Fred Lawrence Whipple Observatory, no Arizona. Em particular, a equipe estava procurando por um sinal revelador de um planeta alienagena - uma ligeira oscilação na velocidade da estrela.
"Se vocêtem um planeta ao redor de uma estrela, ele pode puxar a estrela, fazendo-a balana§ar para frente e para trás", disse Quinn.
Quente e fofo
A pesquisa pode ter valido a pena, disse Hurt, que começou o estudo como pesquisador de vera£o trabalhando para Quinn no CfA. A equipe descobriu um sinal que indica que Vega pode hospedar o que os astrônomos chamam de "Netuno quente" ou talvez um "Jaºpiter quente".
"Teria pelo menos o tamanho de Netuno, potencialmente tão grande quanto Jaºpiter e estaria mais perto de Vega do que Mercaºrio do sol", disse Hurt.
Ta£o perto de Vega, acrescentou ele, o mundo candidato poderia inchar como um bala£o, e atémesmo o ferro se derreteria em gás em sua atmosfera.
Os pesquisadores tem muito mais trabalho a fazer antes de dizerem definitivamente que descobriram este planeta escaldante. Hurt notou que a maneira mais fa¡cil de procura¡-lo seria examinar o sistema estelar diretamente para procurar a luz emitida pelo planeta quente e brilhante.
Por enquanto, o aluno estãoanimado para ver seu a¡rduo trabalho refletido nas constelações: "Sempre que vou la¡ fora e olho para o canãu noturno e vejo Vega, digo 'Ei, eu conhea§o essa estrela."