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Hoinga SNR conforme visto no eROSITA all-sky survey eRASS1. Crédito: Becker et al., 2021.
Usando o instrumento estendido Ra¶ntgen Survey Imaging Telescope Array (eROSITA) a bordo da Espaçonave Spektr-RG, os astrônomos detectaram em raios-X um novo grande remanescente de supernova (SNR). O objeto recanãm-descoberto, apelidado de "Hoinga", acabou por ser um dos maiores SNR descobertos em comprimentos de onda diferentes do ra¡dio. A descoberta foi relatada em um artigo publicado em 26 de fevereiro no servidor de pré-impressão arXiv.
SNRs são estruturas difusas em expansão resultantes de uma explosão de supernova. Eles contem material ejetado em expansão da explosão e outro material interestelar que foi varrido pela passagem da onda de choque da estrela que explodiu.
Estudos de remanescentes de supernova são importantes para os astra´nomos, pois desempenham um papel fundamental na evolução das gala¡xias, dispersando os elementos pesados formados na explosão da supernova e fornecendo a energia necessa¡ria para aquecer o meio interestelar (ISM). SNRs também são considerados responsa¡veis ​​pela aceleração dos raios ca³smicos gala¡cticos.
Os pesquisadores presumem que nossa gala¡xia, a Via La¡ctea, hospeda cerca de 1.200 SNRs; no entanto, apenas 300 deles foram identificados atéagora, principalmente por pesquisas de ra¡dio. Alguns projetos, como o eROSITA All-Sky Survey (eRASS), podem ser usados ​​para detectar novos SNRs em raios-X e, recentemente, uma equipe de astrônomos liderados por Werner Becker do Instituto Max Planck de Fasica Extraterrestre em Garching, Alemanha, relatou tal descoberta.
"Usando dados da primeira pesquisa do canãu do observata³rio SRG / eROSITA , descobrimos um dos maiores SNRs no canãu", escreveram os astrônomos no jornal.
O SNR recanãm-descoberto, denominado G249.5 + 24.5, foi denominado Hoinga - éo nome medieval da cidade natal de Becker, Bad Ha¶nningen am Rhein. As observações mostram que Hoinga tem um dia¢metro de cerca de 4 â—¦ .4 ", portanto, équase o maior SNR já detectado em comprimentos de onda de ra¡dio e compara¡vel em tamanho ao maior objeto detectado deste tipo, G65.3 + 5.7.
Hoinga apresenta uma morfologia de formato circular com emissão difusa de raios-X preenchendo quase todo o remanescente. Ele tem uma estrutura de shell clara, sugerindo que éum SNR do tipo shell cla¡ssico, sem alimentação central. Os pesquisadores notaram que sua natureza altamente circular indica que ele estãose expandindo em uma regia£o de densidade relativamente uniforme.
Com base nos dados, os astrônomos estimaram que Hoinga tem uma temperatura de gás de cerca de 0,1 keV e uma densidade de coluna de absorção de cerca de 360 ​​quintilhaµes de cm- 2 . O andice espectral de ra¡dio foi encontrado em umnívelde -0,69, e a distância atéo remanescente foi calculada em provavelmente 1.600 anos-luz. A idade deste SNR éconsiderada entre 21.000 e 150.000 anos.
"A partir de seu tamanho e propriedades espectrais de raio-X e ra¡dio, concluamos que Hoinga éum SNR tipo Vela de meia-idade localizado a uma distância de cerca de duas vezes a do SNR Vela, ou seja, a ∼500 pc", os autores do trabalho concluado.