Artigo, publicado na Nature Physics , lana§a luz sobre o comportamento dina¢mico de sistemas interativos de muitos corpos, ao mesmo tempo em que melhora a compreensão atual de como os polarons de Bose são formados.
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)
Um a¡tomo de impureza pode evoluir gradualmente para uma quase-partacula ao interagir com um meio circundante. Este processo ésemelhante a distorção de uma rede cristalina causada por um elanãtron que se move atravanãs de um sãolido, conforme mostrado no detalhe. Crédito: CCQ, Aarhus University.
Nas últimas décadas, fasicos em todo o mundo tem tentado obter uma melhor compreensão da dina¢mica do desequilabrio em sistemas qua¢nticos de muitos corpos. Alguns estudos investigaram o que éconhecido como quasipartaculas, distúrbios ou entidades em sistemas fasicos que exibem comportamento semelhante ao das partículas
Pesquisadores da Universidade de Aarhus realizaram recentemente um estudo investigando a dina¢mica do desequilabrio de uma impureza qua¢ntica imersa em um ambiente bosa´nico. Seu artigo, publicado na Nature Physics , lana§a luz sobre o comportamento dina¢mico de sistemas interativos de muitos corpos, ao mesmo tempo em que melhora a compreensão atual de como os polarons de Bose são formados.
"Nosso artigo recente éparte de uma extensa investigação das chamadas quasipartaculas e éo culminar de uma colaboração frutafera entre fasicos experimentais e teóricos da Universidade de Aarhus", disse Magnus G. Skou, um dos pesquisadores que realizaram o estudo. .org. "As quasipartaculas são extremamente interessantes, pois podem consistir em inaºmeraspartículas e suas excitações."
A ideia de quasipartaculas foi introduzida pela primeira vez na década de 1930 pelo fasico Lev Landau, que estava tentando obter uma melhor compreensão dos sistemas qua¢nticos complexos. Os experimentos realizados por Skou e seus colegas baseiam-se em modelos criados por Landau.
Em seus estudos, os pesquisadores prepararam estados de superposição coerente de a¡tomos em um condensado de Bose-Einstein com um pequeno componente de estado de impureza usando uma técnica interferomanãtrica. Posteriormente, eles monitoraram a evolução dessas superposições qua¢nticas e sua transição para quasipartaculas polara´nicas.
Uma parte central do experimento, onde os a¡tomos são inicialmente
presos e resfriados a temperaturas bem abaixo do espaço interestelar.
Crédito: Lars Kruse / AU foto.
Notavelmente, os pesquisadores foram capazes de observar o nascimento de uma classe única de quasipartaculas, chamada polarons de Bose, pela primeira vez. Enquanto no passado vários grupos de pesquisa detectaram sinais dessas quasipartaculas em ambientes de laboratório, atéagora observar sua formação gradual ao longo do tempo revelou-se altamente desafiador, principalmente porque os processos atravanãs dos quais elas são formadas são extremamente rápidos.
"Estudamos como as impurezas interagem com um meio puro e se transformam em polarons de Bose", explicou Skou. "Nossos experimentos foram realizados usando um meio de a¡tomos resfriados a uma temperatura incrivelmente baixa de apenas um bilionanãsimo de grau acima do zero absoluto, que estãomuito abaixo da temperatura do espaço sideral."
Usando um gás de a¡tomos ultracold, Skou e seus colegas foram capazes de estudar impurezas qua¢nticas em ambientes extremamente puros e bem controlados. Essas impurezas foram criadas pela transferaªncia de alguns dos a¡tomos manãdios para um estado qua¢ntico de impureza especial, usando um pulso de radiofrequência ultrarra¡pido de apenas 0,5 µs.
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"Descobrimos que as impurezas começam a interagir dinamicamente com os a¡tomos do meio e medimos essa evolução usando outro pulso curto de radiofrequência", disse Skou. "Este esquema de dois pulsos possibilitou que observa¡ssemos a eventual formação de quasipartaculas do polaron ."
Em seus experimentos, Skou e seus colegas observaram três regimes distintos de evolução de impurezas marcados por transições dina¢micas. Esses regimes, então, ligam a dina¢mica física inicial de poucos e, posteriormente, de muitos corpos.
"Nosso estudo éum grande passo a frente na compreensão dos polarons de Bose, sua dina¢mica de desequilabrio e como eles são formados", disse Skou. "Esses fena´menos qua¢nticos são extremamente fascinantes por si são, mas, além disso, conjectura-se que sejam elementos-chave em tecnologias exa³ticas, como semicondutores orga¢nicos e supercondutores."
No futuro, as descobertas reunidas por Skou e seus colegas podem abrir novas possibilidades para estudar fena´menos qua¢nticos de não equilabrio, que por sua vez podem informar o desenvolvimento de novas tecnologias baseadas em semicondutores e supercondutores. Em seus pra³ximos estudos, os pesquisadores também planejam investigar as maneiras como os polarons interagem entre si.
"Essas interações foram teoricamente previstas em 2018 para permitir que dois polarons se liguem, o que gera uma nova quase-partacula conhecida como bipolaron Bose ", disse Skou. "Isso adiciona uma camada completamente nova de física qua¢ntica complexa, mas excitante. Embora essa quasipartacula não tenha sido vista em um gás ultracold ainda, acreditamos que nosso experimento pode ter potencial para observar sua existaªncia."