Pesquisadores do Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian identificaram o caso mais claro atéagora de um buraco negro supermassivo em movimento. Seus resultados foram publicados hoje no Astrophysical Journal .
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)
Acredita-se que o Galaxy J0437 + 2456 seja o lar de um buraco negro supermassivo e em movimento. Crédito: Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS).
Os cientistas hámuito teorizam que os buracos negros supermassivos podem vagar pelo espaço - mas captura¡-los no ato édifacil.
Agora, pesquisadores do Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian identificaram o caso mais claro atéagora de um buraco negro supermassivo em movimento. Seus resultados foram publicados hoje no Astrophysical Journal .
"Nãoesperamos que a maioria dos buracos negros supermassivos se movam; eles geralmente se contentam em ficar parados", disse Dominic Pesce, astra´nomo do Centro de Astrofísica que liderou o estudo. "Eles são tão pesados ​​que édifacil coloca¡-los em movimento. Considere como émuito mais difacil chutar uma bola de boliche do que chutar uma bola de futebol - percebendo que, neste caso, a 'bola de boliche' évários milhões de vezes a massa do nosso Sol. Isso vai exigir um chute bem poderoso. "
Pesce e seus colaboradores tem trabalhado para observar essa rara ocorraªncia nos últimos cinco anos, comparando as velocidades de buracos negros e gala¡xias supermassivos .
"Perguntamos: as velocidades dos buracos negros são iguais a s velocidades das gala¡xias em que residem?" ele explica. "Esperamos que tenham a mesma velocidade. Do contra¡rio, isso significa que o buraco negro foi perturbado."
Para a busca, a equipe pesquisou inicialmente 10 gala¡xias distantes e os buracos negros supermassivos em seus núcleos. Eles estudaram especificamente buracos negros que continham águaem seus discos de acreção - as estruturas espirais que giram para dentro em direção ao buraco negro.
Conforme a águaorbita ao redor do buraco negro, ela produz um feixe de luz de ra¡dio semelhante a um laser, conhecido como radiação. Quando estudado com uma rede combinada de antenas de ra¡dio usando uma técnica conhecida como interferometria de linha de base muito longa (VLBI), masers podem ajudar a medir a velocidade de um buraco negro com muita precisão, diz Pesce.
A técnica ajudou a equipe a determinar que nove dos dez buracos negros supermassivos estavam em repouso - mas um se destacou e parecia estar em movimento.
Localizado a 230 milhões de anos-luz de distância da Terra, o buraco negro fica no centro de uma gala¡xia chamada J0437 + 2456. Sua massa écerca de três milhões de vezes a do nosso sol.
Usando observações de acompanhamento com os Observatórios Arecibo e Gemini, a equipe agora confirmou suas descobertas iniciais. O buraco negro supermassivo estãose movendo a uma velocidade de cerca de 110.000 milhas por hora dentro da gala¡xia J0437 + 2456.
Mas o que estãocausando o movimento não éconhecido. A equipe suspeita que existem duas possibilidades.
"Podemos estar observando as consequaªncias da fusão de dois buracos negros supermassivos", disse Jim Condon, um radioastra´nomo do Observatório Nacional de Radioastronomia que esteve envolvido no estudo. "O resultado de tal fusão pode fazer com que o buraco negro recanãm-nascido recue, e podemos estar observando-o no ato de recuar ou enquanto se acomoda novamente."
Mas háoutra possibilidade, talvez ainda mais emocionante: o buraco negro pode ser parte de um sistema bina¡rio.
"Apesar de todas as expectativas de que eles realmente deveriam estar la¡ em abunda¢ncia, os cientistas tiveram dificuldade em identificar exemplos claros de buracos negros supermassivos binários", diz Pesce. "O que poderaamos estar vendo na gala¡xia J0437 + 2456 éum dos buracos negros em tal par, com o outro permanecendo oculto para nossas observações de ra¡dio por causa de sua falta de emissão de radiação."
Mais observações, no entanto, sera£o necessa¡rias para determinar a verdadeira causa do movimento incomum desse buraco negro supermassivo.