Os resultados do estudo, publicado em 24 de mara§o em arXiv.org, fornecem informaa§aµes importantes sobre a evolua§a£o de diferentes propriedades espectrais e temporais desta fonte durante sua recente explosão.
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Explosão do pulsar de raios-X 2S 1417-624 detectado por Swift / BAT (15-50 keV) durante janeiro-fevereiro de 2021. A seta sãolida vermelha mostra o tempo de observação NICER e as setas pretas pontilhadas mostram o tempo de observações Swift. Crédito: Mandal e Pal, 2021.
Usando o instrumento Neutron Star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER) a bordo da Estação Espacial Internacional (ISS) e a Espaçonave Swift da NASA, astrônomos da andia investigaram um pulsar de raios-X conhecido como 2S 1417-624. Os resultados do estudo, publicado em 24 de mara§o em arXiv.org, fornecem informações importantes sobre a evolução de diferentes propriedades espectrais e temporais desta fonte durante sua recente explosão.
Pulsares de raios-X (também conhecidos como pulsares alimentados por acreção) são fontes que exibem variações peria³dicas estritas na intensidade dos raios-X, consistindo em uma estrela de naªutrons magnetizada em a³rbita com uma companheira estelar normal. Nestes sistemas binários, a emissão de raios-X éalimentada pela liberação de energia potencial gravitacional a medida que o material éagregado de um companheiro massivo. Os pulsares de raios-X estãoentre os objetos mais luminosos do canãu de raios-X.
2S 1417–624 foi detectado em 1978 usando o Small Astronomy Satellite (SAS-3). As observações subsequentes identificaram pulsações de raios-X desta fonte com um período de 17,64 segundos e descobriram que este bina¡rio tem um período orbital de aproximadamente 42 dias. Em janeiro de 2021, uma explosão gigante de 2S 1417-624 começou, que foi detectada pelas Espaçonaves Fermi e Swift da NASA, bem como pelo Monitor of All-sky X-ray Image (MAXI) na ISS.
Depois que a recente atividade explosiva de 2S 1417–624 foi identificada, Manoj Mandal e Sabyasachi Pal, do Midnapore City College, na andia, começam a investigar a evolução desta fonte.
"Na³s estudamos a evolução de diferentes propriedades espectrais e temporais do pulsar de raios-X 2S 1417-624 durante a recente explosão em janeiro de 2021 com base nas observações do Explorador de Composição Interior da Estrela de Naªutrons e Swift", escreveram os astrônomos no artigo.
De acordo com Mandal e Pal, o perfil de pulso de 2S 1417-624 mostra vários picos e quedas com uma natureza dependente de energia. Isso éconsistente com os resultados de outras observações da fonte que foram realizadas durante a explosão gigante anterior em 2009.
O estudo descobriu que a geometria do perfil de pulso evoluiu significativamente com a energia, o que éconsistente com observações anteriores. Quando se trata da fração de pulso, ela aumenta com a energia e tal tendaªncia também foi observada durante a explosão gigante da fonte em 2018.
Além disso, as novas observações mostram que a emissão de 2S 1417-624 evoluiu de suave para dura durante a fase ascendente da explosão e de dura para suave durante a fase de decadaªncia.
"O estado espectral muda de suave para duro no momento da fase crescente da explosão, durante o tempo MJD 59210-59250 e a relação de dureza atinge um ma¡ximo pra³ximo ao pico da explosão. A relação de dureza começou a diminuir de MJD 59255 e o estado muda de duro para mole ", explicaram os astra´nomos.
Os pesquisadores também estimaram que o período de rotação do pulsar durante a explosão de 2021 foi de aproximadamente 17,36 segundos e que diminui lentamente com o tempo. Os resultados indicam que, durante a última explosão, a fonte estava girando a uma taxa de cerca de 0,01 nHz / s.