Os catalisadores de nanopartaculas de coleta de luz são promissores na busca por combustaveis renova¡veis ​​a base de carbono
A conversão de CO 2 e águaimpulsionada pela luz solar em compostos de multicarbono com alta densidade de energia éuma tecnologia via¡vel para geraça£o de energia renova¡vel e fabricaça£o de produtos quamicos.
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)
Nas condições certas, as nanopartaculas de prata, representadas pelas grandes esferas laranja, podem absorver a luz visível. Os portadores de carga produzidos pela excitação de luz são transferidos para CO2 e a¡gua, permitindo a conversão em hidrocarbonetos e outras moléculas de multicarbono. No gra¡fico, os a¡tomos de carbono são pretos, os a¡tomos de oxigaªnio são vermelhos e os a¡tomos de hidrogaªnio são brancos. Crédito: D. Devasia / Jain Lab / Universidade de Illinois Urbana-Champaign
Os pesquisadores relatam que pequenas quantidades de moléculas aºteis, como os hidrocarbonetos, são produzidas quando o dia³xido de carbono e a águareagem na presença de luz e um catalisador de nanopartaculas de prata. Seu estudo de validação - possibilitado pelo uso de uma técnica analatica de alta resolução - poderia abrir caminho para tecnologias de redução de CO 2 que permitem a produção em escala industrial de combustaveis renova¡veis ​​a base de carbono.
O estudo, liderado pelo professor de química Prashant Jain da Universidade de Illinois Urbana-Champaign, investiga a atividade química nasuperfÍcie de catalisadores de nanopartaculas de prata sob luz visível e usa isãotopos de carbono para rastrear a origem e produção dessas reações químicas anteriormente não detectadas. Os resultados foram publicados na revista Nature Communications.
A conversão de CO 2 e águaimpulsionada pela luz solar em compostos de multicarbono com alta densidade de energia éuma tecnologia via¡vel para geração de energia renova¡vel e fabricação de produtos quamicos. Por causa disso, os pesquisadores estãoem busca de catalisadores sintanãticos que facilitem a redução de CO 2 em grande escala em moléculas de multicarbono , relata o estudo.
"As reações químicas catalaticas denívelindustrial são geralmente testadas e otimizadas com base no perfil de massa dos produtos finais", disse Jain. "Mas háespanãcies químicas formadas nos esta¡gios intermediários de tais reações, nasuperfÍcie dos catalisadores, que podem ser muito escassas para serem detectadas e medidas usando manãtodos convencionais, mas são significantes fundamentais de como um catalisador funciona."
No laboratório, a equipe de Jain usou um espectrosca³pio Raman especialmente equipado para detectar e identificar moléculas únicas formadas nasuperfÍcie de nanopartaculas de prata individuais . Ao isolar uma única nanopartacula na qual as reações químicas progridem, os pesquisadores podem usar um laser altamente focado para excitar as moléculas que se formam nasuperfÍcie do catalisador para criar um sinal espectral que identifica as moléculas formadas em etapas discretas e elementares do processo quamico geral.
"Gosto de pensar neste trabalho em termos de uma história", disse Jain. “A história tem um tema geral, que éa redução de CO 2. Os personagens principais são CO 2 , H 2 O, nanopartaculas de prata, mona³xido de carbono e aons de hidrogaªnio, por exemplo. personagens interessantes como butanol, acetato e a¡cido oxa¡lico que ajudam a contar a história por trás dos personagens principais. E a s vezes, os personagens secunda¡rios são muito mais interessantes do que os principais. "
a€s vezes, personagens menores podem vir com alguns jogadores indesejados, disse Jain. Para garantir que as moléculas intermedia¡rias a base de carbono detectadas pelos pesquisadores são resultado do processo de redução de CO 2 e não de contaminação, eles usaram CO 2 contendo apenas o isãotopo carbono-13, que representa apenas 1,1% do carbono da Terra.
"Usar o carbono-13 para rastrear as vias de reação nos permitiu confirmar que quaisquer hidrocarbonetos medidos estavam la¡ como resultado do CO 2 que adicionamos intencionalmente no recipiente de reação, e não acidentalmente introduzido por contaminação das nanopartaculas de prata ou posteriormente durante a análise processo ", disse Jain. "O carbono-13 éraro, então se o detecta¡ssemos em nossos produtos de reação, saberaamos que era o resultado da conversão de CO 2 e da formação de ligações CC por luz ."
A escala de formação de moléculas de multicarbono usando catalisadores de nanopartaculas de prata permanece muito pequena nesta fase da pesquisa, disse Jain. No entanto, os pesquisadores podem se concentrar no desenvolvimento de catalisadores sintanãticos aprimorados e amplia¡-los para a produção industrial, agora que a promessa de nanopartaculas de coleta de luz foi revelada.