Uma equipe de pesquisa co-liderada pela UCL resolveu um mistério de décadas de como Jaºpiter produz uma explosão espetacular de raios-X a cada poucos minutos.
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)
Imagens sobrepostas do polo de Jaºpiter do satanãlite Juno da NASA e do telesca³pio de raios-X Chandra da NASA. A esquerda mostra uma projeção da aurora de raios-X do norte de Jaºpiter (roxa) sobreposta em uma imagem visível do Junocam do Polo Norte. Adireita mostra a contraparte sul. Crédito: NASA Chandra / Juno Wolk / Dunn
Uma equipe de pesquisa coliderada pela UCL resolveu um mistério de décadas de como Jaºpiter produz uma explosão espetacular de raios-X a cada poucos minutos.
Os raios X são parte da aurora de Jaºpiter - rajadas de luz visível e invisível que ocorrem quandopartículas carregadas interagem com a atmosfera do planeta. Um fena´meno semelhante ocorre na Terra, criando as luzes do norte, mas a de Jaºpiter émuito mais poderosa, liberando centenas de gigawatts de energia, o suficiente para alimentar brevemente toda a civilização humana.
Em um novo estudo, publicado na Science Advances , os pesquisadores combinaram observações de perto do ambiente de Jaºpiter pelo satanãlite da NASA Juno, que atualmente orbita o planeta, com medições simulta¢neas de raios-X do observata³rio XMM-Newton da Agência Espacial Europeia (que estãoem Pra³pria a³rbita da Terra).
A equipe de pesquisa, liderada pela UCL e pela Academia Chinesa de Ciências, descobriu que as explosaµes de raios-X eram acionadas por vibrações peria³dicas das linhas do campo magnético de Jaºpiter . Essas vibrações criam ondas de plasma (gás ionizado) que enviampartículas pesadas de aons "surfando" ao longo das linhas do campo magnético atése chocarem com a atmosfera do planeta, liberando energia na forma de raios-X.
"Agora sabemos que esses aons são transportados por ondas de plasma - uma explicação que não foi proposta antes, embora um processo semelhante produza a própria aurora da Terra. Poderia, portanto, ser um fena´meno universal, presente em muitos ambientes diferentes no Espaço."
O coautor do Dr. William Dunn (Laborata³rio de Ciências Espaciais da UCL Mullard) disse: "Vimos Jaºpiter produzindo aurora de raios X por quatro décadas, mas não sabaamos como isso aconteceu. Sa³ sabaamos que foram produzidos quando os aons caaram na atmosfera do planeta.
"Agora sabemos que esses aons são transportados por ondas de plasma - uma explicação que não foi proposta antes, embora um processo semelhante produza a própria aurora da Terra. Poderia, portanto, ser um fena´meno universal, presente em muitos ambientes diferentes no Espaço."
As auroras de raios-X ocorrem nos polos norte e sul de Jaºpiter, geralmente com a regularidade de um rela³gio - durante essa observação, Jaºpiter estava produzindo rajadas de raios-X a cada 27 minutos.
Aspartículas de aons carregados que atingem a atmosfera se originam do gás vulca¢nico derramado no espaço de vulcaµes gigantes na lua de Jaºpiter, Io.
Este gás torna-se ionizado (seus a¡tomos são despojados de elanãtrons) devido a colisaµes no ambiente imediato de Jaºpiter, formando um donut de plasma que circunda o planeta.
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O coautor, Dr. Zhonghua Yao (Academia Chinesa de Ciências, Pequim) disse: "Agora que identificamos este processo fundamental, háuma abunda¢ncia de possibilidades de onde ele poderia ser estudado a seguir. Processos semelhantes provavelmente ocorrem em torno de Saturno, Urano, Netuno e provavelmente exoplanetas também, com diferentes tipos departículas carregadas 'surfando' nas ondas. "
A coautora Professora Graziella Branduardi-Raymont (Laborata³rio de Ciências Espaciais da UCL Mullard) disse: "Os raios X são normalmente produzidos por fena´menos extremamente poderosos e violentos, como buracos negros e estrelas de naªutrons, então parece estranho que meros planetas os produzam também.
"Nunca poderemos visitar os buracos negros , pois eles estãoalém das viagens espaciais, mas Jaºpiter estãoa nossa porta. Com a chegada do satanãlite Juno a a³rbita de Jaºpiter, os astrônomos agora tem uma oportunidade fanta¡stica de estudar de perto um ambiente que produz raios X . "
As misteriosas auroras de raios-X de Jaºpiter foram explicadas, encerrando uma busca de
40 anos por uma resposta. Pela primeira vez, os astrônomos viram a forma como o campo
magnético de Jaºpiter écomprimido, o que aquece aspartículas e as direciona ao longo das
linhas do campo magnético para a atmosfera de Jaºpiter, gerando a aurora de raios-X. A
conexão foi feita combinando dados in-situ da missão Juno da NASA com observações de raios-X do XMM-Newton da ESA. Crédito: ESA / NASA / Yao / Dunn
Para o novo estudo, os pesquisadores analisaram as observações de Jaºpiter e seu ambiente circundante realizadas continuamente ao longo de um período de 26 horas pelos satanãlites Juno e XMM-Newton.
Eles encontraram uma correlação clara entre as ondas no plasma detectadas por Juno e as erupções aurorais de raios-X no polo norte de Jaºpiter registradas por X-MM Newton. Eles então usaram modelos de computador para confirmar que as ondas iriam conduzir aspartículas pesadas em direção a atmosfera de Jaºpiter.
Por que as linhas do campo magnético vibram periodicamente não estãoclaro, mas a vibração pode resultar de interações com o vento solar ou de fluxos de plasma em alta velocidade dentro da magnetosfera de Jaºpiter.
O campo magnético de Jaºpiter éextremamente forte - cerca de 20.000 vezes mais forte que o da Terra - e, portanto, sua magnetosfera, a área controlada por esse campo magnanãtico, éextremamente grande. Se fosse visível no canãu noturno, cobriria uma regia£o várias vezes o tamanho de nossa lua.