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)
Nebulosa em serpentes. Nesta regia£o do canãu, a equipe da LMU descobriu metano deuterado em uma anãproto-marrom. Crédito: ESO
As ana£s marrons são corpos celestes estranhos, ocupando uma espanãcie de posição intermedia¡ria entre estrelas e planetas. Os astrofisicos a s vezes as chamam de "estrelas fracassadas" porque tem massa insuficiente para queimar hidrogaªnio em seus núcleos e brilhar como estrelas. a‰ continuamente debatido se a formação de ana£s marrons ésimplesmente uma versão reduzida da formação de estrelas semelhantes ao Sol. Os astrofisicos estãose concentrando nas ana£s marrons mais jovens, também chamadas de ana£s marrons proto. Eles tem apenas alguns milhares de anos e ainda estãonos esta¡gios iniciais de formação. Eles querem saber se o gás e a poeira nessas proto-ana£s marrons se assemelham a composição das mais jovens proto-estrelas semelhantes ao Sol.
O foco de interesse éo metano , uma molanãcula de gás simples e muito esta¡vel que, uma vez formada, são pode ser destruada por processos fasicos de alta energia. Foi encontrado em vários planetas extra-solares. No passado, o metano desempenhou um papel fundamental para identificar e estudar as propriedades das ana£s marrons mais antigas da nossa Gala¡xia, que tem várias centenas de milhões a bilhaµes de anos.
Agora, pela primeira vez, uma equipe liderada pelo astrofisico da LMU, Basmah Riaz, detectou inequivocamente metano deuterado (CH 3 D) em três ana£s proto-marrons. a‰ a primeira detecção clara de CH 3 D fora do sistema solar. Este éum resultado inesperado.
As ana£s proto-marrons são objetos muito frios e densos. Isso os torna difaceis de estudar para assinaturas de metano no infravermelho pra³ximo. Em contraste, eles podem ser facilmente observados na faixa de ondas milimanãtricas. Ao contra¡rio do metano que não possui assinatura espectral no domanio do ra¡dio devido a sua simetria, o metano deuterado (CH 3 D) pode ser observado em comprimentos de onda milimanãtricos.
A primeira detecção de CH 3 D foi ainda mais surpreendente porque, de acordo com as teorias sobre a formação de ana£s marrons, as proto-ana£s marrons são mais frias (cerca de 10 Kelvin ou menos) e mais densas que as protoestrelas. Com base na teoria química, o CH 3 D éformado preferencialmente quando o gás estãoquente, ou seja, em temperaturas em torno de 20 a 30 Kelvin. "As medições implicam que pelo menos uma fração significativa do gás em uma anãproto-marrom émais quente que 10 Kelvin, caso contra¡rio, o CH 3 D não deveria estar la¡", diz Basmah Riaz. A medição de abunda¢ncia de CH 3 D fornece aos cientistas uma estimativa de abunda¢ncia de metano.
Tambanãm éinesperado que, embora haja apenas uma protoestrela parecida com o Sol conhecida atéhoje, onde CH 3 D foi detectado provisoriamente, a equipe da LMU detectou firmemente CH 3 D em 3 ana£s proto-marrons. Isso significa que as ana£s proto-marrons exibem uma rica química orga¢nica quente, e esses objetos astrofisicos compactos e frios podem não ser simplesmente uma ranãplica em escala reduzida de protoestrelas.
"O metano nas ana£s proto-marrons pode ou não sobreviver ou reter uma abunda¢ncia tão alta nas ana£s marrons mais antigas", diz o coautor Wing-Fai Thi, do Instituto Max Planck de Fasica Extraterrestre. Como um ambiente quente épropacio para a formação de moléculas mais complexas, as ana£s proto-marrons são objetos intrigantes para buscar essas moléculas no futuro.