A equipe de Rice desenvolveu uma técnica para projetar os estados de Rydberg de a¡tomos de estra´ncio ultrafrios, aplicando campos elanãtricos de micro-ondas ressonantes para acoplar muitos estados.
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)
Os fasicos do arroz criaramDimensões sintanãticas nos a¡tomos, forçando-os a entrar nos estados de Rydberg, superdimensionando as a³rbitas dos elanãtrons para tornar os a¡tomos milhares de vezes maiores que o normal. Os pesquisadores aplicaram micro-ondas para acoplar naveis de energia adjacentes e controlar como os elanãtrons taºneis atravanãs de barreiras lentas (linha grossa) e rápidas (linha fina) para criar asDimensões , projetadas para imitar o movimento na molanãcula mostrada. Eles esperam que o fena´meno sirva como uma ferramenta importante em simulações qua¢nticas. Crédito: Soumya Kanungo
Nosso senso espacial não se estende além das trêsDimensões familiares, mas isso não impede os cientistas de brincar com o que estãoalém .
Os fasicos da Rice University estãoempurrando os limites espaciais em novos experimentos. Eles aprenderam a controlar elanãtrons em gigantescos a¡tomos de Rydberg com tanta precisão que podem criar “Dimensões sintanãticasâ€, ferramentas importantes para simulações qua¢nticas .
A equipe de Rice desenvolveu uma técnica para projetar os estados de Rydberg de a¡tomos de estra´ncio ultrafrios, aplicando campos elanãtricos de micro-ondas ressonantes para acoplar muitos estados. Um estado de Rydberg ocorre quando um elanãtron no a¡tomo éenergicamente elevado a um estado altamente excitado , superdimensionando sua a³rbita para tornar o a¡tomo milhares de vezes maior que o normal.
Os a¡tomos ultrafrios de Rydberg estãocerca de um milionanãsimo de grau acima do zero absoluto. Ao manipular com precisão e flexibilidade o movimento do elanãtron, os pesquisadores da Rice Quantum Initiative acoplaram naveis de Rydberg semelhantes a trelia§as de maneiras que simulam aspectos de materiais reais. As técnicas também podem ajudar a realizar sistemas que não podem ser alcana§ados no espaço tridimensional real, criando uma nova e poderosa plataforma para pesquisa qua¢ntica.
Os fasicos de arroz Tom Killian, Barry Dunning e Kaden Hazzard, todos membros da iniciativa, detalharam a pesquisa junto com o autor principal e estudante de pós-graduação Soumya Kanungo em um artigo publicado na Nature Communications . O estudo baseou-se em trabalhos anteriores sobre a¡tomos de Rydberg que Killian e Dunning exploraram pela primeira vez em 2018.
Os a¡tomos de Rydberg possuem muitos naveis de energia qua¢ntica regularmente espaa§ados, que podem ser acoplados por micro-ondas que permitem que o elanãtron altamente excitado se mova de umnívelpara outro. A dina¢mica nesta "dimensão sintanãtica" ématematicamente equivalente a uma partacula se movendo entre os locais da rede em um cristal real.
"Em um experimento tapico de física do ensino manãdio, pode-se ver linhas de emissão de luz de a¡tomos que correspondem a transições de umnívelde energia para outro", disse Hazzard, professor associado de física e astronomia que estabeleceu a base tea³rica para o estudo em vários estudos anteriores. papanãis. "Pode-se atéver isso com um espectra´metro muito primitivo: um prisma!
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"O que énovo aqui éque pensamos em cadanívelcomo um local no Espaço", disse ele. "Ao enviar diferentes comprimentos de onda de luz, podemos acoplar naveis. Podemos fazer os naveis parecerempartículas que apenas se movem entre locais no Espaço.
“Isso édifacil de fazer com luz osou radiação eletromagnanãtica de comprimento de onda nana´metro osmas estamos trabalhando com comprimentos de onda milimanãtricos, o que torna tecnicamente muito mais fa¡cil gerar acoplamentosâ€, disse Hazzard.
"Podemos configurar as interações, a maneira como aspartículas se movem e capturar toda a física importante de um sistema muito mais complicado", disse Killian, professor de física e astronomia da Rice e reitor da Wiess School of Natural Sciences.
"A coisa realmente empolgante seráquando juntarmos vários a¡tomos de Rydberg para criarpartículas interativas neste espaço sintanãtico", disse ele. "Com isso, poderemos fazer física que não podemos simular em um computador cla¡ssico porque se complica muito rapidamente."
Os pesquisadores demonstraram suas técnicas realizando uma rede 1D conhecida como sistema Su-Schrieffer-Heeger. Para fazer isso, eles usaram lasers para resfriar a¡tomos de estra´ncio e aplicaram microondas com acoplamentos fracos e fortes alternados para criar a paisagem sintanãtica adequada. Um segundo conjunto de lasers foi usado para excitar a¡tomos para a variedade de estados de Rydberg acoplados e elevados.
O experimento revelou como aspartículas se movem atravanãs da rede 1D ou, em alguns casos, são congeladas nas bordas, embora tenham energia suficiente para se mover, disse Killian. Isso se refere a s propriedades do material que podem ser descritas em termos de topologia.
"a‰ muito mais fa¡cil ter controle sobre as amplitudes de acoplamento ao usar ondas milimanãtricas para acoplar estados ata´micos de Rydberg", disse Kanungo. “Quando alcana§armos essa rede 1D, com todos os acoplamentos no lugar, podemos tentar ver qual dina¢mica resultaria da excitação de um elanãtron Rydberg nesse espaço sintanãticoâ€.
“Usar um simulador qua¢ntico écomo usar um taºnel de vento para isolar os efeitos pequenos, mas importantes, com os quais vocêse importa entre as aerodina¢micas mais complicadas de um carro ou avia£oâ€, disse Killian. "Isso se torna importante quando o sistema égovernado pela meca¢nica qua¢ntica, onde assim que vocêobtanãm mais do que algumaspartículas e alguns graus de liberdade, fica complicado descrever o que estãoacontecendo.
“Os simuladores qua¢nticos são um dos frutos mais fa¡ceis que as pessoas pensam que sera£o ferramentas aºteis e precoces para sair dos investimentos em ciência da informação qua¢nticaâ€, disse ele, observando que este experimento combinou técnicas que agora são bastante padrãoem laboratórios que estudam física.
"Todas as tecnologias estãobem estabelecidas", disse ele. "Vocaª poderia atéconceber isso se tornando quase um experimento de caixa preta que as pessoas poderiam usar, porque as pea§as individuais são muito robustas".