Um sensor COVID-19 desenvolvido na Universidade Johns Hopkins pode revolucionar os testes de varus, adicionando precisão e velocidade a um processo que frustrou muitos durante a pandemia.
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)
O material do sensor pode ser colocado em qualquer tipo desuperfÍcie, desde maa§anetas e entradas de prédios atémáscaras e tecidos. Crédito: Kam Sang Kwok e Aishwarya Pantula/Universidade Johns Hopkins
Um sensor COVID-19 desenvolvido na Universidade Johns Hopkins pode revolucionar os testes de varus, adicionando precisão e velocidade a um processo que frustrou muitos durante a pandemia.
Em um novo estudo publicado hoje na Nano Letters , os pesquisadores descrevem o novo sensor, que não requer preparação de amostra e experiência manima do operador, oferecendo uma forte vantagem sobre os manãtodos de teste existentes , especialmente para testes em toda a população.
"A técnica étão simples quanto colocar uma gota de saliva em nosso dispositivo e obter um resultado negativo ou positivo", disse Ishan Barman, professor associado de engenharia meca¢nica, que junto com David Gracias, professor de engenharia química e biomolecular, são autores seniores do estudo. "A principal novidade éque esta éuma técnica livre de ra³tulos, o que significa que não são necessa¡rias modificações químicas adicionais, como rotulagem molecular ou funcionalização de anticorpos. Isso significa que o sensor pode eventualmente ser usado em dispositivos vestaveis".
Barman diz que a nova tecnologia, que ainda não estãodisponavel no mercado, aborda as limitações dos dois tipos mais utilizados de testes COVID-19: PCR e testes rápidos.
Os testes de PCR são altamente precisos, mas exigem uma preparação complicada da amostra, com resultados que levam horas ou atédias para serem processados ​​em laboratório. Por outro lado, os testes rápidos, que buscam a existaªncia de antagenos, são menos eficazes na detecção de infecções precoces e casos assintoma¡ticos, podendo levar a resultados erra´neos.
O sensor équase tãosensívelquanto um teste de PCR e tão conveniente quanto um teste rápido de antageno. Durante os testes iniciais, o sensor demonstrou 92% de precisão na detecção de SARS-COV-2 em amostras de saliva oscompara¡vel aos testes de PCR. O sensor também teve grande sucesso em determinar rapidamente a presença de outros varus, incluindo H1N1 e Zika.
O sensor ébaseado em litografia de nanoimpressão de grande área, espectroscopia Raman aprimorada desuperfÍcie (SERS) e aprendizado de ma¡quina . Pode ser usado para testes em massa em formatos de chips descarta¡veis ​​ou emsuperfÍcies ragidas ou flexaveis.
A chave para o manãtodo éa matriz de antena isolante meta¡lica (FEMIA) de campo flexavel e de grande área desenvolvida pelo laboratório de Gracias. A amostra de saliva écolocada no material e analisada usando espectroscopia Raman desuperfÍcie aprimorada, que emprega luz laser para examinar como as moléculas do espanãcime examinado vibram. Como o FEMIA nanoestruturado fortalece significativamente o sinal Raman do varus, o sistema pode detectar rapidamente a presença de um varus, mesmo que existam apenas pequenos traa§os na amostra. Outra grande inovação do sistema éo uso de algoritmos avana§ados de aprendizado de ma¡quina para detectar assinaturas muito sutis nos dados espectrosca³picos que permitem aos pesquisadores identificar a presença e a concentração do varus.
Ishan Barman, a esquerda, e David Gracias observam a assinatura espectral medida
pelo microsca³pio Raman, em primeiro plano, e descoberta pelo algoritmo de
aprendizado de ma¡quina. Crédito: Will Kirk/Universidade Johns Hopkins
“A detecção a³ptica sem ra³tulo, combinada com aprendizado de ma¡quina, nos permite ter uma única plataforma que pode testar uma ampla variedade de varus com sensibilidade e seletividade aprimoradas, com uma resposta muito rápidaâ€, disse o principal autor Debadrita Paria, que trabalhou no a pesquisa como bolsista de pa³s-doutorado em Engenharia Meca¢nica.
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O material do sensor pode ser colocado em qualquer tipo desuperfÍcie, desde maa§anetas e entradas de prédios atémáscaras e tecidos.
"Usando fabricação de nanoimpressão de última geração e impressão de transferaªncia, realizamos nanofabricação altamente precisa, ajusta¡vel e escala¡vel de substratos de sensores COVID ragidos e flexaveis, o que éimportante para implementação futura não apenas em biossensores baseados em chip, mas também em dispositivos vestaveis", disse Gracias.
Ele diz que o sensor pode ser integrado a um dispositivo de teste porta¡til para exames rápidos em locais lotados, como aeroportos ou esta¡dios.
“Nossa plataforma vai além da atual pandemia de COVID-19â€, disse Barman. "Podemos usar isso para testes amplos contra diferentes varus, por exemplo, para diferenciar entre SARS-CoV-2 e H1N1, e atévariantes. Essa éuma questãoimportante que não pode ser prontamente abordada pelos testes rápidos atuais ".
A equipe continua trabalhando para desenvolver e testar a tecnologia com amostras de pacientes. A Johns Hopkins Technology Ventures solicitou patentes sobre a propriedade intelectual associada e a equipe estãobuscando oportunidades de licenciamento e comercialização.
Os autores incluem: Kam Sang (Mark) Kwok, estudante de pós-graduação em Engenharia Química e Biomolecular; Piyush Raj, um estudante de pós-graduação; e Peng Zheng, pa³s-doutorando em Engenharia Meca¢nica.