Quando os mundos colidem: estudando crateras de impacto para descobrir os segredos do sistema solar
Brandon Johnson estuda o último, usando informaa§aµes sobre impactos para entender a história e a composia§a£o de planetas, luas, asteroides e meteoritos em todo o sistema solar.
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h/YiLoQ+ZtsXCbjeG4XpWFhCGIQ3mw/0f6HGrSl1u3shQREYL7h7DmLGyyTEIPSsIhBIhthMpcMaHxwfQlsMoSILEHj2KMep6UTbDxSlKJkItwYo+KEHge7CExBLClHqelYpSlzSlKUvHSlKUpSlymXCjelj0r+FpSlKX/jn//EACwQAQACAgEEAAUFAQEBAQEAAAEAESExQRBRYXEgQIGRoTCxwdHx4fBQYID/2gAIAQEAAT8Q+QlnVSmav0TT1Ifw9Jq+bg1Pwz5p1Pz01Zs9z86Ovcx2/RY/OcSz4FEfscd/TF+CKGjpcuXLly5cuXLly5cuXLly5cuX8MDiP7B8Fy5cuXLly5cuXLly5cuXLly5cuLiZe5NWPL3B9+L7rPyuhj8/wASzfQ/jz9mfgE1xo+bw1PwnzTpn5aLDF0Hf3J+f0P/AMDiWdHh65t6E/EJojR80YiF80NGPH5TRi+kx3HE+Z+X0vR+e4lm46i/tR/YJ+KRf/XihTbDj8M5yoPeXLxKB89Uf/g8SwuIqX40/B+cx/ATT5zDfpYcw0PzLwdJ8x30DH57iWQj6fcGPoi+3P3fmtfp86abH3DReZUfMujxLh8z3roY/O8SzoSr2x3FRbYX25+781+wmkWXzcyP3WD70qMDBDX0dDH53iWdCP7nVFsj8GfufNfsoI3+/wA2YflJ+Z1Dmh66GPzvEslwZ+dDXW5fhTb7+a2+kEfuvm8yfzHWFrw16uhj8/xLOlYdDnD8abffzWz0hg4+3zS9CqPyi6UP7UOfx0P/AMDiWT8F0TgUl9qbffydaJ7DcVzp7qJgqjdH1hcEsnRb0Fv2QQaHt8nZ1LYwPVj+aiofEdvozAeIcnjpfn+JZCfjuidQO4LD4mz38isMBMOBzdRGUF9m5RQ2GW8wRoPKFlTXpCRCxudhBwR0rX5jktZpb+8qLWkSCDh7fHcuWdUG0nhfeeB954X3iOz94dj94n/dH/sSnf3oJ/bH/szL/KSj+lB/3z/TiJf78PQlJLf1LXoyr0TP19LH57iWQ3PwXQWTFg9iGyKGmCoq3vBf7pZ/dP8AQn+5P9345N/0f8iH/Ah/zIL/AERwgL1FOHwQ2Jbk7wtJPDAf3AhQ+XX0lhurvmJR0ndUW6h7cfaXNfVWSngj3uJM0PtatLYVLnJ3RjM5nP8A0Y/9Gf7sf+rHpb1f96P/AG02TfWPcfePdfePdfePdfePdY99j3o9yeSeaeaeaW7y3vE94dBd16jp+pd6+l/+BwLJ+C6wFLehqQwJiWSyWSneU7w7kO9DvQ78O/O7nezxZsO0OnOholinhCCA0DlZQWvmtwasXHEsQlPYahwd4Lf5lUAHeGQi7jsoqp0+GC8wH0YIojZE90R2epest2lu0t2lvaNxGKi4wZW8P2nmfaeR9p/jT/Kn+TP8WH/Kn+V1aCCtBApRmJmp6jw9T8Lofn+BZCfgui+0S+8kyfXdL4WTxAf6J/kz/Hn+PP8ABn+LP8Sf4E/yJ5vsnn+yf+RP/Yh2/sievJOO7Cq6w9k5MFXmZhDyCDGTXLmW4fdFYwrtxALmXxqbAp5in/pYPKR1XDb3gRwceDAEBVM1zLNv7zx/vP8Aen+58GxX+FP8yf4k/wAKV4+1Fn9UzQ/yJ/gTw/bP/Al+/wBk8h9pfs+0V2faeJ9pb/PS+TBtkcYni5Q30E/hQV6Ohj89xLITP0pnKxRUPURq6QB0c/HX6FxwLfvLMAL+8K44wR8Jp8TNAfWB/aIMW0I41+0FQD2dzJkV34mPUNMFMrq5uWby0TtOPrj9XaV8OehcqVKhFT8CCvbhkajj6oPs9DH4T5rgWdKeGC1DphslMuF4n736GjXtiHD6EE4Hsn4vH4CFXs/MMVwu/cF1MAh9YYDEVC3UpIwCUIsiMr4Yr9Xae2LUNuxGOA8zkA+kC5PZOxPpgmK+3Px7vUH38/EmPt0fY6GPz/AsgmNTzk1KhLdAVn73xY1X2JlpA7RvvqYLTEMViUAQ8jBAXs3Lw88nJ09wX7wWBtfiea812IsAAq0QPYihgfeMHMAiw0xKwxTxLm3tcqWZV/c/VWvRM3fi5ZjSXD6ajsjYoWiaZVLxb0m5TCzqBEsbOlkp3iHMUodofvp+JLPfJhHam8Y/CfM8CyCH7CCvTH0gX8VM/e+HaB1JnDO42i+sSSxg0EDXeKsoAE+obKZ7Q63A3F3iomzgqNx8FB+0yz+UV+yClt3F/Bl8CcLO6ftFxrfqSsUMXL+4iVg7FlXVh2zF5Yeoqlj3Li4lnRW5krQWx/UN9BHd+0RjVB2iUuq5jZq2AioZ7qV+o+1gTBVykWaZvMZKF+I8hg7mC5twVF+DBbdmYe6ZJ5m8fn+BYQQ/YQfZmDiz0Stfc/c+BLsD7xAcrg7ERZxAIoYQwhjMTUBbtKhzNy4DuZ7Kz+X8SgmlYe8dxhhIBgL7PEouQ7GYBt27y+mAxiWCaL8qEzHRyWrZDq0sZi7YrywJTN5ZkxkQR0XZwOP1LQMoQvtKRVC5iduAO5ULdqRLB3eGKIBh5i5DU8qjiVI8QlDVHgIBxKOIKDo2Mzj4jD3TL2TePxHzHAsIEEH2EEcmD9mGvqzZ7+CxDGXtM1S5bxGnTc1FHMJwL3iD2dkY9tsRycUM0zSVDaisEpFbJmnEpfZarPq47mW/+CIlhVx/RlAvkFTxY7EsTln4mAVlcR9MQkJ+oiRp+iOqczJtXR9AmLmk+0slyyWd5Z3lneWd5Z3lnclO5CGkMuvuMxoI5ZcMfIZiWvvGUErDA94NJAalJTE5kxl4YqrjF99ax1WOvbNx5mMjt/MeY/EfKcC6lQggk6X7A6dVJ+B0qiDv0PXMCugiPO1ZbaZLXo2uAtYIVUNyU7xYuydykNQuMvdYjaApaJ2e8vTQTDIbNxsKkm08g5lSAGglmIyZlyAyp4EGt5REAZfuJAxKUz0rfeZ7sfjE3BLXO7ame6dwKqrrmUVA3DOSc3LaKu4zLML61mXijFXB1qUobAyxO5LJZPxpj7v4i+9MWeo4iybz0PxHyXAuoQNjmR9E/fBiagfcPwQp0vqOVPSMxLA2pVAwfgPSkuentRKLuCc5GtEx3g2FrHaoIhtX8xVoCVkHEU4hxuAFtuEB3QsRiAFpUCQvS3i2USpMyZxu7wTlXvnZIVtHYBEHbDBpC/rEFgSb0lUxMJWuw8dKzmPWurAiHgkJwCx03ogIVl3MrPqMXgHdzIm6xmd7F5cy+SLcQh5lym6qbGIMzwxrmDS+Sfm/xFXujoeZhKbTz0PyyAuoQ5QKxKXrxzLKNHeYCi7BF9A5jwr+8WBLYJoMIuUngPtKXG6vSO714vEqEAyXmPYXZISZcqjlT2bAw4BO4tg2VoZ4pmLAykyuYc8I2vuxJa8zGNyvId4YDlSBU8NzIRXYTvAEqbhEol1do8pzdmZVnyxlaOzEwFeGU6bCkV1vHpr7sej8P0nPTJeogGYzBcWK3uKYu5RUXMUNiiizcUVLcwVBTwl2xaDSQgFcSiE0+p+x/aORV5oaaMvaTaPyqAsI6oLYG3XiXqoCGZsxLR6cxSWK4YiJhdq9wKRZghq/tL1gxAW5hj1BoxCMJApp7TZTmJiVKKHmUIyWPTFtOGFmIiDbqU4IxdzkvMobmRpqNBN3qEG13GgBPMerKIqYXclE3fJA0SpfPKCCfVgIDhPYiKV9nGNEzt0MZXENG4FmG18ujo/kxZcely5cG4EdQ2kqgOdxEKpjKBjBll5xLalTcBC9xcLuHCG2PZwN+ep0X7COkg32gjz+Zm3k6H5QAWEU7HeGaGe8vWGMaKuGhcbZgb18SkYUES+JaupFgILFCeZYSooO8CIRbkslPaoFTMtcoAeY3hKtgu8FE7R0iFGDUzKWLqWjMsuZnGiAEEoyBCPNEWJoJxHZ4+kVNix5OIKyNjLFouvUSjklo1GWEDE5wXCNkSy2+n+bGVFzU79O0DECmoajMjFULYzJUwVBrHR5TaLfMvO43uPORQEJBpa7vU6bD0EVN4TMPkjyRn7zofkwJYTtj90RxRwQincIa+iESWJ3KQoXahxSvKwSY+kAFZd5QlEB4IWXMbi41GrmZKvcLCoqQxEDpfEWjS5Y7ZiHiIUkrgrWuz2gWXHAF3KIxxEwtnkgHsY2AhtWiO1Ta1PrC9uzfW4wLAoIKT5iEMZHmVRLvBBM+8Iwy2Muq7x5DrhbNx3c1PzZpLjuWZlksgRg2hqKpYkQpshO25TuIsWX3lwzNECqC1jDVDIafAdJh6SLS+EWHs6dmfp0PyUAsly9D8xUIujB2gptQgipiPdaIOfPiJ2aI6pYPMVdqAIzUtBlc5vOY7QMssB2RoMDqK+R34irKkloW4YGRvbvEZZ5DDyPeLBlYzD/ANhvMoTBiK3FGJKUdHMAmvHuiohbWj7RImFt/BEFFvsLDW8EqV9otsZ2hp6puu8T3ImackraYJYttcwLouFL9/3K9U+T7Iqj3o/SYUZ7/uge4aVZA8yugp3lO8AaYQYllQxEEhf1BljCsDDDqVLRFZCJs6GYoCtJppwFzvHGz+1gAUfFMPQjzeEFB2tMX3mf2dL8lBLu9S9qMsNH7wVIhP70tFOJbm5bLb4lQtu8vKoIVNIkV3i0RjkxLdoMCahNXPdzQiYVJxCqmoQKBiIstc9pb4lh7kRIuyUMxkSMtw74XsXaY+8WF51iBhRxf/SVW0uTg9d4tC5Ch33zKchVmNDAM4nPliIV29U6gG0gZAdPeXFYWXeLR4hqViaEsA5OY4lyz9R0QhZlD5QT3EVyvXaWdtxK7Ew6bC/eCQN6IeHpUKSO0J8mpkBTxLC24hi7PmEFvKoNNuuYQLfeATDOJxKLGFKi74QbjXV1L89VTO4tmA0zsCZE3dMstUbUzlB7mEFsv0D6Raw+08MZRMCy45ipekq9SL6BIrB2SO16Ol+Rwyld74JQFhLNOYAKolgtNRXuiaKHzBpTmNXshZYu5lFSmWStRA3N6i2ENQWqLQDsl2Y7DEZDEBJNRQ8FkzNmdkW8Wv2RQSk+hlhBgh3ArlYiMHswffMYMvcTfgqWkQJghYFutp14YqavBTVMyoRlzpP/ADFrQGsZC4YTt2erm9UmqNnlhSp3BWtU7guOF8xApwwg2YljZg2eJmLlZiSxFwTbNoRuq94apcGrntg4gtUYjPH0iRFRTOkcAu49iOYMNNoxRVdhMDtBrbRtAvP2gWUfSef9mNQV9J4GYtoyuy/aFL08xZsCCurE3lGiiG5QvcehZGBs+o0LqWUTBUHqf0nBb+xKePsEH/BxvCrnUYqoAGXDLOoWN2/iPGK08dD0fkEBdXEosuWASa1KCyBtHSUCsVM6t3GUG+ZUwGGAsZLhlQoYLyj3Fb0gLnEMzuEVtLXEXVuXrFmO85TAcO4ZMInMZgRFYIXBmUichUN7xg8MCAtC3ZHAXPNPH2ha6Ej+T+yXgUkIt5Y3HoGkLEb+kBXk8eSW0bhdI2dvyW+spiV3lvFSiI2MVAkso2yK+WYRYaKu+8UimDvjc2isygf5iXnKBDOK1UuShiAK8Fv3/kJNw2oF+pnCHZiWInjTeee8dxiMhABq0Tuca/iVMUKDdRXLHQmPrCAsAUf/AHaGtvReeTvD/uz/AEZ/pymAHMMKo7qgf6Hb9o8SnhRdn+0oFLwjl76S5lb3iVqJe4wrwolIqF3giR/WCuXXqBwJ9I3fwRHlfSDdA7xxkPmBFcdpfSiZPwqGxzH5FBUjDXiWiyqA+48MVzLuTEsAOgK+kLzKHaK7ErCGMuJSVtKykX94kyD7o2q7zI8hENsliDDuywsKlwLG3iYhFkzr6guVmYHjIxdmoqa+sQpZTtts7xOJM1fEymkOWz6zFDZ5spIBZDVlYSIUdpnPi4NLG3bs3zcaBxO2RfpKRNVq1/SAgS2KpBoAALskNBu1w+Jp8Fhzpv6RCuBKbfkRkZ8Md4iuDQcxGttcsdgMQpTIOUJSnd8QsGx03piELUbzuAiYlvt4hdsmVOCJLbsBVfSK7V2E5c7mBFaqM2eoPkI8PJ8wRijj5JBpVL5QdJx0hb4g0iyAhKVGwcICtRJTulglq1HpuKBSiaI1DG+WAqRPMe1wvUV0AR1jmZ5rIyoGrmQXYy6y3CWmIvTOLUoDlcRGw4vRSJ3kYXYHllKJSlTYX6iMSlRBE/3LEg6cPk7MQNEWxq9szQ0HO4jUUAC78wrJp4L7Q3FgLVa1Nn5ylzBS2cJg9wTlgna7gIDghi/pMAYAmdUuWy4mC7/mKpauLWRiseICgS1MEWbu0eOYHKuWruFAia4ZGUsymM+4FhlstuMf++s7iTGBTj+4AEss0QF2x47HhIJNJTKlSpUqVKlSulSpUr46lQhUaz8khgEu7Y4aYVUPRAAIr95np6RkLqI3LjiWpmJtdojTaKCwHCplPUwOaleUg6nvTNl2wyqAe0NLOdxUy0eYgjFy2iaXJM52iarQnfMWhVXS/wAzReXZix7QoRLyGq73Gqk03TISosQrRnxFJJdA0dzxCC21h8eoAA0NHUSgES7Xd9o8Nc3dv0RFC+yc+4QdqIdzdZiVbqUDXEBcRUeAiOSh5cEYtyxvc1SYXiAAGHV8RFabuIIOFFnnhf3g4MUvF5lKiUXAyzIKWLXeIQAV0NDFIpBw+S+fxAXMFU+5+vXiVKZT2lu0t2lu0t2lPb5QQR4rG52MY3M8SocJuC16DRBYFJUoSyqoFHolBFdy5rArYpZcGmbuWardQT01BFCXLVt1FjvcILc8S9b3iYorDiABHMe0wvdAwFvnUoODCxpS8xBLQ5zLWFcHCc2xAAtXNfzFbURYdxzMYtcDtEswFKl5dDQt1iKg1bx3REBvJWqfUUgAdnL2g2dVqm/EIkDdcMy0l4fMMeeWFVMrz2leKfUzAcQNUWBl8SyiHHfVR5wpy1n/ANcQ2FaayhBDexWWvvBHQs3bfiZagXJ2Z9T6IIdnhiyLqtfzCAAg2/ymepfiEx8WSSZ2M8eeLPEnizwZ4c8GeLHs49jHso9hLeE8CAKCvkkLjDAcRR1MEryRkIjYUQGRfpAnMaGUlhFqYoFHMzEFveXaPuQaADXmMA6It3iBs8JmDCY4sEF7IAUNQYWWMfurvNxsy21xGKlYjoL2FJaD5XzRG61GAW0CqgdwKN/8j/0hEq1Xdz9IUbAgxZLB3Tdxwqlm/aNIA4Y0P0xGrYum2++I25ox/Eqmmm+2YjturFfUd4Zeu72SvGLmUC5e6bQZ+8x3gacalMK2Owil4jAu1fTdf3EXKLintEDIJBWDHeAChyqsixKWwbqYCqX3P5mFaXk8x8RrvVzCAULl2kQgmn9Z6MY/A/JoO76DxKjEW4S4K0xg5ll5j4gQGwFuDtQ9xBS6Id8Lc0xRtEA7JZA3zLbhIVgfxcxQDfZgIYcROMS3ETYx2mhOqcnuURXBRdvEog3Fu2/ECjSqhoH3eIWQeLdFZ4gy4LVvLAobDZG6XdH3gWBCrhZ9JXZacVio1AbZi+e9RtIDWu3GJRiMclRYBONmiCUShZNXCILmP2XASgS0fxCLMvEFQVbrMu6GNyxTiWUC9qlsgi0sGW9QylLNNblgHbK7O/EyFXLUseCqWOzIaS6g0ijtcFoxaaRIVtWyu4ltnAMhfniYAJwth+lcuMWLGPR/Tf1UDZ0G53QOZbLa6CzMtRN+SKrLmFoTzqalwZekrFxsiDhfeA85oKPslpURuA+IBTWmYq0AtEU1nn9oMYNWbbiDI9hNepm8bKLzAd04CdxxxLFoKK1kLmStmW+c/wDY9KW0NRzdo4xvvcTUFGiXXuZRU28O1+pSa2b294dzQ1fHuFZgxzDIsjazUU4ZvcqwCb4mV6x3Yq1sjVtNwODee02BprG4I0XuMuQCudZKl8YY5a5logd7cyl6BNrr7S9Rtcwpwsc8kcYXJSHeWFdoYa/9xM/yb+K/jYx6X8yhbNwag5mZCimczSuhNSiN2Xm4q/SNpcvpTDBmPfoRixyi2oAF3GpWqqrmFSlV5LQ7wtpg0HP2mjRkCyr3/MUAFNWcstNuY5NwoA91GoOhZXiFgAou1PfzBmilQUUERfdBXjyRDsrZDccsDbozEgpeVM/IEoIMOMbmMi1iI0qUx6IpbV1LEG177xRSEE1nEOf/AAizVFFG/uQVgKV6Lz/ksG6kztUW21zx2rn+Icg2VW5it25COUc+S40VyLEuU7UPsYLGYjQaf1ERa4PxXL+JjGP6j+shbGXLlUvJfPW5dnQuZeM9BvcXpa4qi84aY9GG4SB7J5IUY0dxTI0teTuKACu7e4hQaVlnTrzC6VcIzfqMXA3ZX5QoIbbKIDxk8kFqsmGz2mFNhGnDLDLUvJglhKXmx7rIxRRKtRuouwxh1e1x2grMFYgrQWuAqKYihvUF2M4phdwlYsuU4I13g/QZz24/EspanC+UC5U1sG2KgBybbmRVO5WoXOBioQLE5FZT+It02GqgWtcgLaiKNwXd7/EAobU+0arUUI7mcOfgXL+J6MfiflkLd9Ll9L+C+h5i9RizFGFOI9DYlEGg01tiKKouTctbCzhaF95dhjVC9f8AqmUZBMqrsy0Uk5TxFoWpKX2ZiFgTCsl2uIQpy3dFRbZaGPP/AGBHUApgMvEvLbJRTVS4ZnT2+fMzYMJrf1gWgTNAldr3KDYNnHE7L+sBZcuCtxAFKvJWpkoqcYmPOpnLKU3Tz/6pRSnLDeJdPO0Bu2NCIbIteI7qL3cwBtxuUhsc+aIQRMtZsxBiEAQq7uv4nEAFY5lmQiKRTLqUsOVqNSxWPVwbBNMv9C4y4y4/OIWz9EZfwmILL7xcxepwO7FQBbXJx3jQYE1UDsHndvuEXqzaq+eYaQOGTnKOrxwz+8S7Fo+eJZNvUpQRG2SuCI8eCWcNsEbGZcXWfvG6Eba1GABU08S65Wu41eDj3NqKf5mh+KKuXmKkmHBepfZzuZae2tTN3Thr8wDCCtq3C+AC6NGooW3QLkP6iF0qV2lma4c8TFsaiJxEqlU/aCy1j3iITsViYmwBLzULYICwIhYFpdrkfpBy5Yrs+40s+kv4r6XLlx/Uer8/BbuLCPXnEiGo8d8cRsOQFYvbFVWqIputQBLaC6x9IGzM1faAGGRwShehLqzuooRkKWh2es1LjbZYNRCBwZ9+JVlltb3CSEivc+IkcAXTiPuGnuarjvc+jTk+sOkKimsV2+8dr3LFSiM54ZbjeB1cy2cve4CxXO3MApbycQLGVK7S7BWXLj1LWjgrvfmZpzWPvNDO4CjbLJdXAlMVs6uWLbmDm+ILLltsYpBoMuV+JcKgAESmjO8C/wBoHBZFLye5fJz0uX0uXLl9b63L6XL6X8LH5qA2fGTfRws5GVpEAqLs15iqZs0puAxu2+JdesEDwPEWr87Wr9d3MVFIqw/JAVO5oVX9pdpotkseIrO67FT9yBS8hhpmG20YYrvcCsM3u+IspxNzClZvcIi48TBgt3qo1eG5kytVwcyjuy+k2aGvcKxj35lbGa03qLeKGFhvnMc+BCtUYrM4LFP4mKiTiKCYgq8nHEArRR2jA8CZBIBEnd2QMXDsMdgAXnn/ALK1LJeg1lajlyVIrRxHTTZ0v4L+K+ly+ly5cuX0uXF/SIqEMWR/XCV8NTEKqAkFrggnyZUp/OCYJyOM1A1OHtluKiQyaaLvH/Jc8kIL9vrZmIsGwb1fj1csMa7nBfj3RCUFRep5UZ5VzVwAdfIdPjEwUwB3LjGHLhuNLS2xuvBLRpPxLWCzsGI5L+svH8y4NtMu3eFqrDlrUBTArRex4nhUorqRGzXE5tBE9orGSJmjUKoxLdCsVFzcrACN90EURxTSuJS0ZbjuxNVgDiuIBBV4gkl44NxHG6sxTiIdVgzur4hByMFimfiVA4XLK8oWwnA4lJhIeN//ALDN5PbJGQoGkePhYy5cuXLly5cuXFly/wBNgHQs3H9a5ZVVH464eWjx0QbHTDxtxL4Q8zF4l2dslOB5ios0vH+bIRG9QZ7wajRtytQVFqaFo33YtyDVZml5ol1s5XHlFQ7eIoaFGFuXW2VzA8ylFXcACO+Gbd0tpOOZ2gqRlwjqDVlK/eCLag78Qdix2bjTpe7tELQ1xbqWwLKUFTRqhx7jVW7OegWyq9zCxbLFVuuX3BSX4pFdkHlpYYo7xvgfvNBVber7e4GffECYyRrJVy92JrmcBpmK2jFNqYvLWt5gK9YKMWdCqHBLEsXzAatLv4Xoy/Ms7y/P6QAy+bQDy/gvojAw0PM460/zhiLpxbKGiWtArGNnc+0N5hby7aghWFB1zzHWBkbeK/uF8x1fKvEpSAU58QTqSXVN12YsQAQX/wA5mRGgLbhskq7AA4uWLJ5PMeeJ76WYglllnuCU4thdLD45hbYw58S0wemtzuAvZ9Zkg1Aw7qNcm+1RC6OcXKiGVncRcsAtqaipndTGcoou4kbmWnNzMIfBxcqZyyNv5h1ZhSOSHcWlviuWLwfVhwHrvHNwJEOZd9rWwwgWBs1KtAGt5Hpw0dL6vR06h3Id1wtplveW95b3lst3lu8t3lu8tMv1AA/6SPxEP0wVomUP1AUY+DvQFkxr4cwAdSixuJVWO7phvcNV58QTZeq15jpK1t83tgBhKsHHm4lzTYpx4lAAbM1+0IGDGbhZbviFVzKF0MbYjS9frLV3rU43MWUvQqy7rmFVzcKvsbzuU5Vhd1FXJxeoy6glZZ6gwTK8TZRYKFFVGOBmVo994Sxog/nvuB1KDNRGlRhTmWhkUQFdyODULsJng+hYcuQdlw6FLWXp7xKlWrAbctQ5tuEsRKAJoc/AsWGwYs6iIAlkA2n1h8A13f7fQA+tgOP0iGQ6FngxFSV8Vy4MWX8NSpD6yt9j8fsIJu7NYLk8wxthNAovx+Ihqxm+T4j1ebPeJeasjBedBL6GGMbYiG7RVniGIS0O+HE2zuZq+IdwalmMe4689E81uJTU80SscTS5JxUN3YJqHLu1BdOG41W5z1QjY4IaFWp2XgIQBCPhZj7RUEbHDX3j83CsmCLS7gixiFEB7+JVRLVuXmPCOw1EFLE/CMWRaFxgJS8Ram7heprqsZuig1cQYniLPMfPyd8MYMGIVI9k1iPTXxkURfAx1Rl+CWJZh8dgd4PqZ4RKpIi8aLVz5Y1TXMwtl8/WArTOa7QabqOXbbBAQFL3gaNAVQxXm4t5XWpuU5zqFleSZqq0yre0CbTI7ricJWEq1/EVQH1d5bBgb8TIFm+YYRtX2i4+W+/wUbxLU5MxAsvjs8JlS62JClqIquyabXZ2YbEoCL/eWwXZfDiWBVWfUQq3VVzMJGR5xUqPLLVsYCUiJWZGSC0u4++rHpIOyWNpc0gHTiZZS0plMpmZmZ/TfR3Bgy4soFpUe4p+Yk39Bm44idpUBlpXiKpkMB2mcKHF8zVrK1B4V4zbBQACLSHxMBHQqfaJhWoQwW1WGAFshwViKj93qVUAL5vcTpyEukU+kYJWsy/E8T71Khzgp/E4q9amAuLqqS5xkUZ1BbaXZblMth1NDIrdeIlrPvExFtvjG5QDN+O0HfSjeYhQV8RAtdSs+GAWrdSgpn3ATRVRYwCyw+8UWmhuIsqOHvFmQztriNg80EISbW0g/HCoi8oybiOw/Bio3F9pBjl6MY9BAxMoxTivUCYvEzLZctlvS/1H+YwYMecGXEzTD3It773GrhqFTi5jGidoRHZyhX/Abi5BnIjlCi8EPbkEtFVPiYy5g2jcZVNwtk3zBFFHC7g2ZXxHCnZqKGsxy/CJXNy8MPnzMwKBg1VJekcr7xXmJlhiyql74JYsFaNS1JfLs/8AMoPtwHf8RTw1WpYuEZf2BDVcqywK4YXC4oaCQiKNemOS1WMBVwn1R37ngi0W7wCsQwK8GY+VOa7QvZZgB1KiYu7LLe0z1wUnftB1LsTuzoxjNkF6gJLhqbdalfrHk7Zb3lveW95bTmXLly7Y5xLpjWKhrHJBd2KDbK3AUmGxfbhdsAnRYRgAOJS0facIfaOQBxqvHQA/5Ef+UQP9RKj+1CpwH0geTO6RzlMR2T1MFXiKsVLZUqVKldFSpUzM95nvMzMzKlSpXRUsCwUMUFGaOCKVClVyIIUA0tIFDfRp7j8pdmR+sFm9QB2h209zI9vbzBYOU1rMsMqtrDBW4IFrmKaFyyQjRAFGjxKneoeXpH+lgdffYS6+4wN4V7gNE+rC6H3g9QyPa/QSSWwADX6QZ5+AGz0uFuCVUvMrGWFEriNLsbJsIDviIZwr+IxDtxuXMJLMVVdRWRayI0pGzFTSXUXp4okMGUtfxKldKlSulSpUqVKlSpUqVKhBnQA+XiLFUwmhMqxoMHg+YqKixsgBnUTCGVvEpgrSzUHiVexHqI949WtClEzLw1uMoAV3cu4ECNstQAVmXGtxjLEPEuiXydDwR4nRaN0VdFpTKeion6+FOgFQTswpq/uYIO4xFgsNMaG+8G6ALEhbR4NzZSd0bTZfLOMYavfNXUpDQMSWpaq9EJlku7xGTgtNmGuxOYXF/aC2b6j0GyKxmyHMEqVKlSpUqVKlSpUqVKlSpUqVK6lTDko8wAiBnfvAo2Rtm4eLAzUIy4g0NsXUm8Mqq7U5lJUEojK5exFuZVS4Z18J+0pdGruoI1H0hKiSUQs1MoKIciruXcysxlYfMEEEEHU9WMf08KdxKNonZzMGiUaOZU32yWblu0pTTKbzdxpHciDAzvDHDUBG6ZkdPrGnhPEMbtdsE1peA5lpIGBJQmcA5lDpjtC4b3Bywgs0x84ECtwu8uuG2ZOipUqVKlSpUrpiV0qVKldAlQPEPCGq7cyoIekoC3Luobgm/M3Ak+tKja27lVBnYYBtbfMtJS09oo5R5l1m6IUw+YFVVxMu5UIsdQ0WYldQSkxHplOXTXoPQsWDLixYv6iDNUt1KSjvKeIeWOab9SwjEhs3LYFDs/if+66KneBARk9o/FKgYSBWCbRXghgqndgbjA7TyTzTyTyS3mGxRiy5csqXH9QhUJUPBD1AHggxkR4ES4ZzF9WT3mB0EA4iZSIRCVAgLDvUKkIIGtz2nlnm68ooooxJXRjH9MCnUqAynpfT6w9z6z+hEOS71FXKVpgt7lOBh4SzTUMquPypR0TWh0PnPJPNL+ZbzLY9Ji5fwhcuX0uXLly4MuDBlkElIDoFZWCcyneU7xHeC8w4mMsXLhGeDCOZTzPJDzle8Fnn6ozqMuLLixYv6sBMZcv4DoHJfaVX+CLxWL5SyFInELNxDlNtzDmPlHznkiPMYuXLly/iuX1Lly5cuXLl/oBrd5bvLd5bvL94+UfOMXLl/BUynmFeZ5Z5J5Iec9o25lnPXHoFixYsYX5XCncuXLly4MKQ6lhlhi5f69y5cuXLly5cuXLly5cuXLly5cv9AYRaCg4KeWHnPee0YekwxcWLFl/rsU7/AF7ly5cv9S5cuXL/APgXLly+i8HD4UvWLLl/IuU7ly/lb+C//oXLly5cuX8u4zv/APTOe7//AIdv93+7/wD/2Q==)
Brandon Johnson, especialista em dina¢mica de crateras de impacto, cercado por alguns de seus temas de pesquisa favoritos: Mercaºrio, Marte e a Lua. Crédito: Purdue University/Rebecca McElhoe
Enquanto para os humanos as constantes podem ser morte e impostos, para os planetas as constantes são gravidade e colisaµes.
Brandon Johnson estuda o último, usando informações sobre impactos para entender a história e a composição de planetas, luas, asteroides e meteoritos em todo o sistema solar.
“A formação de crateras de impacto éo processo desuperfÍcie mais onipresente que molda os corpos planetariosâ€, disse Johnson. "As crateras são encontradas em quase todos os corpos sãolidos que já vimos. Elas são um dos principais motores da mudança nos corpos planetarios. Elas impulsionam a evolução das crostas planeta¡rias. Todos os planetas e asteroides foram construados a partir de uma sanãrie de impactos. nos ajude a determinar a composição e estrutura dos planetas."
Como professor associado do Departamento de Ciências da Terra, Atmosfanãricas e Planeta¡rias da Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Purdue, Johnson estudou quase todos os principais corpos planetarios do sistema solar. E a escala de tempo de sua pesquisa varia de impactos relativamente recentes atéquase o inicio do pra³prio sistema solar.
Coletar pistas sobre colisaµes ajuda Johnson a reconstruir o ambiente em que as colisaµes ocorreram, oferecendo insights profundos sobre como e quando os corpos se formaram. Sua pesquisa estãoajudando os humanos a explorar os corpos planetarios no sistema solar apenas com física, matemática e um computador. Missaµes espaciais e análises de laboratório fornecem um suprimento constante de novos dados e questões para trabalhar.
"A maioria dos meteoritos contanãm ca´ndrulos -partículas pequenas, previamente fundidas", disse Johnson. "Essencialmente, estudando a formação de ca´ndrulos por impactos, podemos entender melhor o que estava acontecendo no nascente sistema solar. Por exemplo, com base em um impacto, fomos capazes de determinar que Jaºpiter já havia se formado cerca de 5 milhões de anos depois os primeiros sãolidos do sistema solar, mudando a linha do tempo de nossa compreensão do sistema solar."
Johnson e sua equipe de laboratório incorporam fatores conhecidos sobre a composição e física dos corpos planetarios em modelos de computador complexos, executando os modelos atravanãs de uma sanãrie de condições e comparando os resultados com fena´menos observados. A análise de movimentos e colisaµes pode oferecer informações sobre a composição de asteroides e meteoritos, ajudando os cientistas a entender como elementos como águae metal são distribuados em um sistema solar. Ao estudar crateras e bacias de impacto em lugares como Plutão, Vaªnus e luas geladas , e a meca¢nica de outros processos que ocorrem em Europa e asteroides como Psique, sua equipe pode entender mais sobre seus interiores; se eles tem núcleos fundidos e placas tecta´nicas, por exemplo, ou se eles tem oceanos laquidos.
Seu trabalho não abrange apenas o sistema solar. Ele também estuda impactos mais pra³ximos de casa, incluindo na própria lua da Terra e impactos terrestres que podem ter afetado a forma como a crosta, a atmosfera e a biosfera da Terra evoluaram.
Uma ferramenta de calculadora de impacto on-line desenvolvida pelo falecido Jay Melosh, mentor de Johnson e ex-professor distinto de Ciências da Terra, Atmosfanãricas e Planeta¡rias, permite que qualquer pessoa estude os impactos de várias rochas na Terra. Johnson e sua equipe estãoreconstruindo a ferramenta para uma nova geração de estudantes planetarios.
A pesquisa foi publicada no Icarus .